{{Short description|Species of flowering plant}} {{Speciesbox | image = Castanea crenata3.jpg | status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=Barstow, M. |date=2018 |title=''Castanea crenata'' |volume=2018 |article-number=e.T62004433A62004435 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T62004433A62004435.en |access-date=19 November 2021}}</ref> | taxon = Castanea crenata | authority = Siebold & Zucc. }}
'''''Castanea crenata''''', the '''Japanese chestnut'''<ref>{{cite web |title=Japanese chestnut - Encyclopedia of Life |url=https://eol.org/pages/1148515 |website=eol.org}}</ref><ref name=BSBI07>{{BSBI 2007 |access-date=2014-10-17 }}</ref> or '''Korean chestnut''',<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Resilient Farm and Homestead: An Innovative Permaculture and Whole Systems Design Approach|last=Falk|first=Ben|publisher=Chelsea Green Publishing|year=2003|isbn=978-1-60358-444-9|location=White River Junction, VT|page=199|language=en|quote=Varieties of chestnuts that can be grown in zone 4, Northeastern United States are as follows: ...''Castanea crenata'' (Korean chestnut)}}</ref> is a species of chestnut native to Japan and Korea.<ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021" /> ''Castanea crenata'' exhibits resistance to ''Phytophthora cinnamomi'', the fungal pathogen that causes ink disease in several Castanea species. The mechanism of resistance of ''Castanea crenata'' to ''Phytophthora cinnamomi'' may derive from its expression of the Cast_Gnk2-like gene.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Santos C, Nelson CD, Zhebentyayeva T, Machado H, Gomes-Laranjo J, Costa RL |title=First interspecific genetic linkage map for ''Castanea sativa'' x ''Castanea crenata'' revealed QTLs for resistance to ''Phytophthora cinnamomi'' |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=12 |issue=9 |article-number=e0184381 |date=2017 |pmid=28880954 |pmc=5589223 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0184381 |bibcode=2017PLoSO..1284381S |doi-access=free }}</ref>
==Description== ''Castanea crenata'' is a small to medium-sized deciduous tree growing to {{cvt|10–15|m|sigfig=1}} tall. The leaves are similar to those of the sweet chestnut, though usually a little smaller, {{cvt|8–19|cm|in|frac=4}} long and {{cvt|3–5|cm|in|frac=4|sigfig=1}} broad. The flowers of both sexes are borne in {{cvt|7–20|cm|in|frac=4}} long, upright catkins, the male flowers in the upper part and female flowers in the lower part. They appear in summer, and by autumn, the female flowers develop into spiny cupules containing 3–7 brownish nuts that are shed during October.
==Cultivation and uses== ''Castanea crenata'' is an important tree in Japan and Korea for its heavy production of sweet, edible nuts. A number of cultivars have been selected for large nut size. It is also widely cultivated in eastern China and Taiwan.
It is resistant to chestnut blight and to ink disease, and for these reasons is of importance in North America in the development of disease-resistant hybrids and genetic engineering of the American chestnut, which is susceptible to both fungal pathogens.
Examples of Japanese chestnut cultivars<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Craddock |first=J. Hill |last2=Perkins |first2=M. Taylor |date=2019 |title=Chestnut (Castanea spp. Miller) Breeding |url=https://downloads.regulations.gov/APHIS-2020-0030-4295/attachment_10.pdf |journal=Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019 |pages=105-156}}</ref> are:
* 'Tsukuba' * 'Tanzawa' * 'Ginyose' * 'Arima' * 'Ishizuchi' * 'Okkwanng' * 'Porotan' * 'Sandae'
Examples of European × Japanese hybrid cultivars<ref>[http://chestnuts.msu.edu/horticultural_care/cultivars_for_michigan Cultivars for Michigan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130525183306/http://chestnuts.msu.edu/horticultural_care/cultivars_for_michigan |date=2013-05-25 }} Retrieved 2015-6</ref> are:
* 'Colossal' * 'Bouche de Betizac' * 'Precoce Migoule' * 'Labor Day' ''C. crenata'' produces more biomass in its stems when the nuts are smaller and planted deeper.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Seiwa |first=K. |last2=Watanabe |first2=A. |last3=Saitoh |first3=T. |last4=Kannu |first4=H. |last5=Akasaka |first5=S. |date=2002-07-01 |title=Effects of burying depth and seed size on seedling establishment of Japanese chestnuts, Castanea crenata |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0378112701006077 |journal=Forest Ecology and Management |volume=164 |issue=1 |pages=149–156 |doi=10.1016/S0378-1127(01)00607-7 |issn=0378-1127|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
==Gallery== <gallery> Castanea crenata.jpg|Chestnut fruit Peeled chestnuts.jpg|Peeled chestnuts Image:Castanea crenata 1.jpg|Male flower Image:Castanea crenata 2.jpg Image:Castanea crenata 3.jpg Image:Korean chestnut (Castanea crenata).jpg|Shell opened naturally on the ground Image:Japanese Chestnut.jpg Image:Chestnut tree02.jpg|Trees </gallery>
==References== {{Commons}} {{Reflist}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060617145429/http://www.apsnet.org/online/feature/chestnut/ American Phytopathological Society: chestnut breeding]
{{Taxonbar|from=Q717827}}
crenata Category:Trees of Japan Category:Trees of Korea Category:Edible nuts and seeds Category:Plants described in 1846 Category:Taxa named by Philipp Franz von Siebold Category:Taxa named by Joseph Gerhard Zuccarini