Japanese Australians

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}} {{infobox ethnic group | group = Japanese Australians {{lang|ja|日系オーストラリア人}} | image = Australian Census 2011 demographic map - Australia by SLA - BCP field 1632 Japan Total.svg | pop = 71,013-100,000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/toko/tokei/hojin/10/pdfs/1.pdf|title=Annual Report of Statistics on Japanese Nationals Overseas|language=ja|access-date=17 July 2016}}</ref> 45,267 (by birth)<ref name="DSS2014">{{cite web |author1=Department of Immigration and Citizenship |title=Community Information Summary |url=https://www.dss.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/02_2014/japan.pdf |website=Department of Social Services |publisher=Australian Government |access-date=18 July 2019 |date=February 2014 |archive-date=14 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200414041913/https://www.dss.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/02_2014/japan.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> 50,761 (by ancestry)<ref name="DSS2014"/> | popplace = [[Sydney]]{{·}}[[Melbourne]]{{·}}[[Brisbane]]{{·}}[[Perth]]{{·}}[[Adelaide]]{{·}}[[Gold Coast, Queensland|Gold Coast]]{{·}}[[Cairns]]{{·}}[[Broome, Western Australia|Broome]]{{·}}[[Torres Strait Islands]] | langs = [[Australian English]]{{·}}[[Japanese language|Japanese]] [[Broome Pearling Lugger Pidgin]] | rels = [[Irreligion]], [[Buddhism]], [[Christianity]], [[Shinto]] and others | related = [[Asian Australians]]{{·}}[[Japanese New Zealanders]] }} {{Nihongo|'''Japanese Australians'''|日系オーストラリア人|Nikkei Ōsutoraria-jin}} are [[Australians|Australian]] citizens and residents who claim [[Japanese people|Japanese]] ancestry.

Japanese people first arrived in the 1870s (despite a [[Japanese diaspora#Early history|ban on emigration]] in place until 1886). During the late 19th and early 20th centuries Japanese migrants played a prominent role in the [[Pearling in Western Australia|pearl industry of north-western Australia]]. By 1911, the Japanese population while small groups had grown to approximately 3,500 people. With the outbreak of [[Pacific War|war in the Pacific in 1941]], most [[Hay Internment and POW camps|Japanese in Australia were interned]] and then deported when the war ended. At the end of the war only 74 Japanese citizens and their children were permitted to remain in Australia. Not until the 1970s did the Japanese population recover to the levels at the start of the 20th century.<ref name="Mizukami2007">{{cite book |last1=Mizukami |first1=Tetsuo |title=The sojourner community: Japanese migration and residency in Australia |date=2007 |publisher=Brill |location=Leiden |isbn=978-9004154797 |page=50 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t-I_uJUu3boC |access-date=18 July 2019}}</ref> As of 2011, of Australia's 35,378 Japan-born residents, more than 65% had arrived from the mid-1990s onwards.<ref name="DSS2014"/>

According to a global survey conducted at the end of 2013, Australia was the most popular country for Japanese people to live in.<ref>[http://www.wingia.com/web/files/news/106/file/106.pdf 2013 End of the Year Survey - Japan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304133141/http://www.wingia.com/web/files/news/106/file/106.pdf |date=4 March 2016 }} ''[[WIN/GIA]]''</ref>

==History== The first person from Japan to settle in Australia was recorded in 1871.<ref name="DSS2014"/>

Japanese only began to emigrate en masse in the 1880s following the lifting of restrictions. In Australia, the ''Immigration Restriction Act 1901'' temporarily prevented more Japanese from migrating, but subsequent exemptions to the [[White Australia Policy|dictation test]] were applied to Japanese people mitigating restrictions.

[[File:Japanesegraves wa.JPG|thumb|left|Japanese Cemetery of [[Broome, Western Australia|Broome]].]]In Australia from the late 19th and early 20th Century many worked as [[Pearl hunting|pearlers]] in Northern Australia or in the [[sugar cane]] industry in Queensland. They were particularly prominent in the Western Australian [[Kimberley (Western Australia)|Kimberley]] town of [[Broome, Western Australia|Broome]], where until the Second World War they were the largest ethnic group. Several streets of Broome have Japanese names, the town has one of the largest Japanese cemeteries outside Japan and the [[creole language]] [[Broome Pearling Lugger Pidgin]] contained many Japanese words.

Between December 1941 and September 1945, Australia and Japan were at war. On July 28, 1941, Australian military intelligence indicated that there were 1139 Japanese living in Australia and 36 in Australian-controlled territories. Under the guise of national security, 1141 Japanese civilians (almost the entire population) living in Australia were interned for up to six years throughout WWII. An additional 3160 Japanese civilians arrested in allied countries across the Asia-Pacific Region were also interned in Australia on a user-pay basis; this included 600 [[Taiwan under Japanese rule|Formosans]] (Taiwanese). An unknown number of [[Korea under Japanese rule|Koreans]] were arrested as Japanese and carried Japanese names. The internment of Japanese in Australia was more racial than political, with Japanese being "evacuated" from their hometowns "for their own good" (i.e., to prevent racist attacks against them by non-Japanese). Several months after the cessation of hostilities, all ethnic-Japanese internees who did not possess Australian nationality were repatriated to [[Occupation of Japan|Occupied Japan]], regardless of the locations of their previous abodes, whilst all ethnic-Formosans were repatriated to [[Taiwan|Occupied Formosa]].<ref name="Nagata1993">{{cite thesis |last=Nagata |first=Yuriko |date=1993 |title=Japanese internment in Australia during World War II |type=Ph.D |publisher=University of Adelaide |hdl=2440/21427 }}</ref>

==Demography==

[[File:Australian Census 2011 demographic map - Inner Sydney by POA - BCP field 1632 Japan Total.svg|300px|right|thumb|People born in Japan as a percentage of the population in [[Sydney]] divided geographically by postal area, as of the 2011 census.]] [[File:JP born Mel.png|300px|right|thumb|One dot represents 100 Japanese-born residents in Melbourne]] The 2021 census recorded 45,267 Japanese-born residents in Australia, with 78,054 people reporting Japanese ancestry (including those who claimed other ancestries). Of this number 58,755 reporting speaking Japanese at home. [[New South Wales]] had the largest population of Japanese born (14,894), followed by [[Queensland]] (13,236), [[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]] (9,251), [[Western Australia]] (4,716), and [[South Australia]] (1,640).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Japan-born Community Information Summary |url=https://www.homeaffairs.gov.au/mca/files/2021-cis-japan.PDF}}</ref> Only 9,734 Japanese-born residents have since acquired [[Australian citizenship]] representing 21.5% of the community. In 2021, women represented 70% (31,723) of the Japanese-born in Australia.<ref name="DSS2014" />

Over half of all Japanese-born residents profess no religious affiliation (66.8%), with Buddhism (17.8%) and Christianity (3.1%) the most commonly identified religions. <ref>{{Cite web |title=2021 People in Australia who were born in Japan, Census Country of birth QuickStats {{!}} Australian Bureau of Statistics |url=https://www.abs.gov.au/census/find-census-data/quickstats/2021/6201_AUS |access-date=2025-07-31 |website=www.abs.gov.au}}</ref>

In Northern Australia ([[Broome, Western Australia|Broome]], [[Darwin, Northern Territory|Darwin]], [[Cairns]], [[Townsville]], [[Mackay, Queensland|Mackay]], [[Torres Strait]]) many Indigenous and non-Indigenous families claim descent from Japanese pearl luggers and sugar-cane cutters who settled in these areas before 1901.

{{Pie chart|label1=[[Irreligion|No religion]]|label2=[[Buddhism in Japan|Buddhism]]|label3=[[Christianity]]|label4=[[Shinto]]|label5=Others|label6=Not answer|value1=66.8|value2=17.8|value3=8.7|value4=2.3|value5=2.1|value6=2.3|color1=White|color2=Gold|color3=Dodgerblue|color4=Red|color5=Black|color6=Purple|caption=Religion of Japanese Australians (2021)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://culturalatlas.sbs.com.au/japanese-culture/japanese-culture-population-statistics#japanese-culture-population-statistics | title=Japanese Culture - Population Statistics }}</ref>}}

==Education== [[File:The Japanese School in Perth, 2016 (01).JPG|thumb|[[The Japanese School in Perth]] and the Hyogo Prefectural Government Cultural Centre (兵庫文化交流センター)]] {{Location map+|Australia|width=350|float=right|caption=Locations of full-time and part-time Japanese schools in Australia designated by the [[Japanese Ministry of Education]] (gray dots refer to closed schools)|places= {{Location map~|Australia|lat=-33.675556|long=151.201944|marksize=5|link=Sydney Japanese International School|label=[[Sydney Japanese International School|Sydney IJS]]|position=left}} {{Location map~|Australia|lat=-37.892389|long=145.019528|marksize=5|link=The Japanese School of Melbourne|label=[[The Japanese School of Melbourne|JS Melbourne]]|position=right}} {{Location map~|Australia|lat=-31.93678|long=115.77079|marksize=5|link=The Japanese School in Perth|label=[[The Japanese School in Perth|JS Perth]]|position=right}} {{Location map~|Australia|lat=-27.469771|long=153.025124|mark = orange pog.svg|marksize=5|link=The Japanese Language Supplementary School of Queensland|label=[[The Japanese Language Supplementary School of Queensland|Brisbane]]|position=top}} {{Location map~|Australia|lat=-28.016667|long=153.399|mark = orange pog.svg|marksize=5|link=The Japanese Language Supplementary School of Queensland|label=[[The Japanese Language Supplementary School of Queensland|G. Cst.]]|position=bottom}} {{Location map~|Australia|lat=-35.2809368|long=149.13|mark = orange pog.svg|marksize=5|link=Canberra Japanese Supplementary School Inc.|label=[[Canberra Japanese Supplementary School Inc.|Canberra]]|position=left}} {{Location map~|Australia|lat=-37.8136276|long=144.963057599|mark = orange pog.svg|marksize=5|link=Melbourne International School of Japanese|label=[[Melbourne International School of Japanese|Melbourne ISJ]]|position=bottom}} {{Location map~|Australia|lat=-16.9185514|long=145.7780548|mark = green pog.svg|marksize=5|label=Cairns|position=bottom}} {{Location map~|Australia|lat=-34.9284989|long=138.600745599|mark = green pog.svg|marksize=5|label=Adelaide Japanese Community School|position=left}} {{Location map~|Australia|lat=-31.9505269|long=115.860457199|mark = green pog.svg|marksize=5|label=Perth Weekend|position=bottom}} {{Location map~|Australia|lat=-27.8258359|long=153.025654|mark = Black pog.svg|marksize=5|link=South Queensland Academy|label=[[South Queensland Academy|S. Qld Acad.]]|position=left}} }} [[Nihonjin gakko|Japanese international day schools]] in Australia include the [[Sydney Japanese International School]] (SJIS), the [[Japanese School of Melbourne]] (JSM), and the [[Japanese School in Perth]] (JSP). There are also [[Hoshuko|weekend supplementary programmes]] in [[Brisbane]], [[Cairns]], [[Canberra]], [[Melbourne]], [[Perth]] approved by the [[Japanese Ministry of Education]].<ref name=Oceaniaschools>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20140330185759/http://www.mext.go.jp/a_menu/shotou/clarinet/002/006/001/002/005.htm 大洋州の補習授業校一覧（平成25年4月15日現在）]" [[Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology]]. Retrieved on February 13, 2015.</ref> * [[The Japanese Language Supplementary School of Queensland]]<ref>"[http://www.jsgc.org.au/assets/qld-japanese-school-gc/pdf/school.pdf 平成 26(2014)年度]" ([https://web.archive.org/web/20150301002148/http://www.jsgc.org.au/assets/qld-japanese-school-gc/pdf/school.pdf Archive]). The Japanese Language Supplementary School of Queensland. Retrieved on April 1, 2015. p. 4.</ref> * Adelaide Japanese Community School (ACJS; アデレード日本語補習授業校 ''Aderēdo Nihongo Hoshū Jugyō Kō'')<ref>"[http://adelaidehoshuko.asn.au/contact2/ 学校名称]." Adelaide Japanese Community School. Retrieved on April 7, 2015. [http://www.wayback.archive.org/*/http://jsa.asn.au/school/ Old URL]</ref> * Cairns Japanese Language Tutorial Centre Inc. (ケアンズ日本語補習授業校 ''Keanzu Nihongo Hoshū Jugyō Kō'')<ref>[https://sites.google.com/site/cairnsjltc/ Home page] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20150421110221/https://sites.google.com/site/cairnsjltc/ Archive]). Cairns Japanese Language Tutorial Centre Inc. Retrieved on April 7, 2015.</ref> * [[Canberra Japanese Supplementary School]]<ref>"[http://www.canberra-hoshuko.org/gaiyou.html 学校概要]" ([https://web.archive.org/web/20141114045438/http://www.canberra-hoshuko.org/gaiyou.html Archive]). Canberra Japanese Supplementary School Inc. Retrieved on 7 April 2015.</ref> * [[Melbourne International School of Japanese]] * The Weekend Japanese School in Perth

==Notable figures== {{image array|perrow=5|width=120|height=100| border-width = 1 | image1 = Joey (The Anime Man) at SMASH 2022.jpg|caption1= [[Joey Bizinger]] | image2 = Arisa Trew Laureus 2024 (cropped).jpg|caption2= [[Arisa Trew]] | image3 = XG Harvey May 2023.png|caption3= [[Amy Harvey]] | image4 = Gehamat Shibasaki.jpg| caption4 = [[Gehamat Shibasaki]] | image5 = Jason Davidson.jpg| caption5 = [[Jason Davidson]] | image6 = Yuko Miyamura by Gage Skidmore (cropped).jpg| caption6 = [[Yūko Miyamura]] | image7 = Rinky Hijikata (2023 Cary 2) 03 (cropped).jpg| caption7 = [[Rinky Hijikata]] | image8 = Georgia Godwin Australia Gymnastics.jpg| caption8 = [[Georgia Godwin]] | image9 = Deadpool 2 Japan Premiere Red Carpet Kutsuna Shiori (41734678124) (cropped).jpg| caption9 = [[Kutsuna Shiori]] | image10 = Saya Sakakibara - 2022 UCI BMX Racing World Cup, Glasgow (Elite women).jpg| caption10 = [[Saya Sakakibara]]

}} *[[Sarah Àlainn]]: Vocalist, violinist *[[Emma Anzai]]: Bassist for the band [[Sick Puppies]] *[[Joey Bizinger]]: [[YouTuber]] based in Japan *[[Jimmy Chi]]: Composer, musician and playwright *[[Jason Davidson]]: Australian soccer player *[[Alan Davidson (Australian soccer)|Alan Davidson]]: Former Australian soccer player *[[Alex Davies (footballer)|Alex Davies]]: Australian rules footballer *[[Georgia Godwin]]: Gymnast *[[Tai Hara]]: Actor, model and presenter *[[Amy Harvey]]: Singer and member of the [[J-pop]] group [[XG (group)|XG]] *[[Rinky Hijikata]]: Professional tennis player *[[Takaya Honda]]: Actor and television presenter *[[Akira Isogawa]]: Fashion designer *[[Eddie Jones (rugby union)|Eddie Jones]]: Former Australian rugby union coach *[[Shioli Kutsuna]]: Actress, model *[[Last Dinosaurs]]: Band members Sean Caskey, Lachlan Caskey, and Dan Koyama *[[Rob Lucas]]: [[Treasurer of South Australia]] (1997–2002, 2018–2022) *[[Joji (musician)|George "Joji" Miller]]: Musician and [[Internet celebrity]] *[[Nagi Maehashi]]: Author, cook and business owner *[[Sen Mitsuji]]: Actor *[[Yūko Miyamura]]: Voice actress, best known for voicing [[Asuka Langley Soryu]] in ''[[Neon Genesis Evangelion]]'' *[[Yasukichi Murakami]]: Inventor *[[Mitchito Owens|Michito Owens]]: Australian rules footballer *[[Gehamat Shibasaki]]: Rugby league player *[[Yumi Stynes]]: Television personality *[[Kumi Taguchi (journalist)|Kumi Taguchi]]: Journalist and newsreader for the [[ABC (Australian TV channel)|ABC]] *[[Arisa Trew]]: Skateboarder *[[Shu Uchida]]: Voice actress *[[Tando Velaphi]]: Soccer player *[[Tetsuya Wakuda]]: Chef *[[Sean Wroe]]: Runner *[[Masa Yamaguchi]]: Actor, stunt performer *[[Erika Yamasaki]]: Weightlifter *[[Nina Oyama]]: Actress, comedian *[[Saya Sakakibara]]: BMX athlete *[[Kai Sakakibara]]: BMX athlete *[[Kasumi Takahashi]]: Rhythmic gymnast

==Gallery== <gallery> File:Hyogo Prefectural Government Cultural Centre in Perth, 2016.JPG|Hyogo Prefectural Government Cultural Centre in Perth </gallery>

==See also== {{Portal|Japan|Australia}} *[[Asian Australians]] *[[Australia–Japan relations]] *[[Australians in Japan]] *[[Japanese community of Melbourne]] *[[Nichigo Press]], Australia's longest established Japanese language newspaper

==References== {{Reflist}}

==Further reading== *{{citation|last=Sato|first=Machiko|year=2001|title=Farewell to Nippon: Japanese Lifestyle Migrants in Australia|series=Japanese society series|location=Melbourne|publisher=Trans Pacific Press|isbn=978-1-876843-72-4}}

==External links== *[http://www.abs.gov.au Australian Bureau of Statistics] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20071022200401/http://immigration.museum.vic.gov.au/Origins/history.aspx?id=33 Immigration Museum]

[[Category:Australian people of Japanese descent| ]] [[Category:Australia–Japan relations]]