{{Short description|Village in Lipjan, Kosovo}} {{Expand Serbian|topic=geo|Јањево|date=April 2015}} {{Infobox settlement | official_name = Janjevo | native_name = {{unbulleted list |item_style=font-size:81%; | {{native name|sq|Janjevë}}<br />''Janjevo'' or {{native name|sr|Јањево}} }} | other_name = | settlement_type = Village | image_skyline = File:Janjevë, Kosova.jpg | image_caption = Janjevo (St. Nicholas church in the background) | image_flag = | image_seal = | image_shield = | nickname = | motto = | image_map = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = Kosovo | pushpin_label_position = top | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Kosovo | coordinates = {{coord|42|34|26|N|21|14|56|E|region:RS-KM|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Location | subdivision_name = {{flag|Kosovo}} | subdivision_type1 = District | subdivision_name1 = Pristina | subdivision_type2 = Municipality | subdivision_name2 = Lipjan | established_title = | established_date = | government_type = | government_footnotes = | leader_title = | leader_name = | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = | area_land_km2 = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | elevation_ft = |population_as_of = 2024 |population_footnotes = <ref name="Census2024">{{Cite web |year=2025 |title=ASK Data - Regjistrimi popullsisë |url=https://askdata.rks-gov.net/pxweb/sq/ASKdata/ |access-date=19 June 2025 |publisher=Agjencia e Statistikave të Kosovës (ASK)}}</ref> | population_total = 1407 | population_density_km2 = | population_note = | timezone = CET | utc_offset = +1 | timezone_DST = CEST | utc_offset_DST = +2 | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code = | website = | footnotes = | name = }}
'''Janjevo''' ({{Lang-sr-Cyrl|Јањево}}) or '''Janjevë''' (in Albanian) is a village or small town in the Lipjan municipality in eastern Kosovo.
The settlement has a long history, having been mentioned for the first time in 1303 as a Catholic parish. The town was prior to the Kosovo War (1998–99) inhabited by a majority of Croats, known by their demonym as ''Janjevci'', who since have left massively for Croatia.<ref name=HE>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.enciklopedija.hr/clanak/janjevo|title=Janjevo|language=hr|encyclopedia=Croatian Encyclopedia|publisher=Miroslav Krleža Lexicographic Institute|date=2013–2024}}</ref><ref name=ProL>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://proleksis.lzmk.hr/28778/|title=Janjevo|encyclopedia=Proleksis Encyclopedia Online|language=hr|publisher=Miroslav Krleža Lexicographic Institute|date=22 June 2012}}</ref>
==Geography== Janjevo is described as a village<ref name=HE/><ref name="Vlahović2004">{{cite book|author=Petar Vlahović|title=Serbia: the country, people, life, customs|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Dx4qAQAAMAAJ|year=2004|publisher=Ethnographic Museum|isbn=978-86-7891-031-9|page=54}}</ref> or small town,<ref>{{cite book|author1=Gail Warrander|author2=Verena Knaus|title=Kosovo|year=2010|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uSaH1bKAb8QC&pg=PA142|page=142|publisher=Bradt Travel Guides |isbn=9781841623313}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Starinar|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W-1LAAAAYAAJ|year=2004|publisher=Arheološki institut|page=161}}</ref> located in Lipjan municipality, by Gornja Gušterica and Teče.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.maplandia.com/serbia-and-montenegro/kosovo/janjevo/ |title=Janjevo Map | Serbia and Montenegro Google Satellite Maps |publisher=Maplandia.com |date= |access-date=2013-07-15}}</ref><ref>{{citation|url=http://www.collinsmaps.com/maps/Kosovo/Janjeve/P410557.00.aspx |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130829190150/http://www.collinsmaps.com/maps/Kosovo/Janjeve/P410557.00.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-date=2013-08-29 |title=Janjevë, Lipjan, Kosovo |publisher=Collins Maps |access-date=2013-08-29 }}</ref>
==History== ===Middle Ages=== thumb|250px|Forts and settlements in late antiquity Kosovo Janjevo was first mentioned in 1303.<ref name=HE/><ref name=ProL/>{{sfn|Radovanović|2008|p=292}} Although only a Catholic parish is mentioned, and no information on mining activity, it is assumed that the Catholic community in fact drew from miners, gathered in such numbers to constitute a parish.{{sfn|Kovačević-Kojić|2007|p=14}} Whether these Catholics were Ragusans or Saxons is unknown;{{sfn|Kovačević-Kojić|2007|p=14}} with the opening of mines in medieval Serbia, Saxons (''Sasi'') are mentioned as mining specialists; although they are not mentioned as inhabiting Janjevo, they most likely did, as the settlement Šaškovac located less than 1 km from Janjevo points to.<ref>{{cite book|author=Dušan Nedeljković|title=Simpozijum o metodologiji etnoloških nauka: 18-20 decembra 1972|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XrgDAAAAMAAJ|year=1974|publisher=SANU|page=97}}</ref> In 1346, the Pope sent a letter to Stefan Dušan regarding churches that belonged to the Diocese of Kotor, in which Janjevo is mentioned.{{sfn|Kovačević-Kojić|2007|p=21}}
In the first half of the 15th century, when the area was still part of a Serbian state, a Croatian colony of tradesmen from Ragusa and Kotor appeared in Janjevo.<ref name=HE/><ref name=ProL/>{{sfn|Kovačević-Kojić|2007|p=14}} At this time, Janjevo, along with Novo Brdo and Trepča, were the most important mines in Serbia.{{sfn|Kovačević-Kojić|2007|p=14}} Out of 15 manholes only two produced qualitative ore.{{sfn|Radovanović|2008|p=292}} From 1455 a coin mint was active in Janjevo.{{sfn|Radovanović|2008|p=292}} The local Catholic church, dedicated to St. Nicholas,<ref name=HE/> was built in the 15th century.{{sfn|Kovačević-Kojić|2007|p=21}} In a tablet dating to 1425, Stephanus Marci, a priest of the Janjevo parish, is mentioned.{{sfn|Kovačević-Kojić|2007|p=21}} In 1441, priest Andreas was the head of the Janjevo parish, based in that church.{{sfn|Kovačević-Kojić|2007|p=21}} The population of this Catholic parish of Janjevo were mainly members of a Ragusan colony (to which Andreas also belonged).{{sfn|Kovačević-Kojić|2007|p=21}} Janjevo most likely fell to the Ottoman Empire after the Ottoman conquest of Novo Brdo (1455).<ref name=HE/><ref name=ProL/>{{sfn|Kovačević-Kojić|2007|p=14}}
===Ottoman period=== In 1530–31 there were six Christian and one Muslim neighbourhoods (''mahala'') in Janjevo.{{sfn|Radovanović|2008|p=292}} In 1569–70 it became an imperial estate with revenue (''hass'').{{sfn|Radovanović|2008|p=292}} There were at that time seven neighbourhoods.{{sfn|Radovanović|2008|p=292}} Marino Bizzi (1570–1624), the Archbishop of Bar, listed 120 Latin (Catholic), 200 schismatic (Orthodox), and 180 Turkish (Muslim) homes, during his journey in Ottoman Serbia in 1610.<ref>Relatione della visita fatta da me, Marino Bizzi, Arcivescovo d'Antivari, nelle parti della Turchia, Antivari, Albania et Servia alla santità di nostro Signore papa Paolo V. Published as: Franjo Racki (ed.): Izvještaj barskoga nadbiskupa Marina Bizzia o svojem putovanju god. 1610 po Arbanaskoj i Staroj Srbiji, in: ''Starine'', na sviet izdaje Jugoslavenska Akademija Znanosti i Umjetnosti, Zagreb, 20 (1888), pp. 50–156 {{inlang|hr}}</ref>
The 16th century Ottoman defters also show that Janjevo contained an Albanian population of Muslim and Christian faith and a Christian Albanian neighborhood in Janjevo called "Arbanas".<ref name="Pulaha">{{cite web |last1=Pulaha |first1=Selami |title=Popullsia Shqiptare e Kosoves Gjate Shekujve XV XVI |url=https://dokumen.tips/documents/179876370-s-pulaha-popullsia-shqiptare-e-kosoves-gjate-shekujve-xv-xvi.html?page=276 |website=dokumen.tips |pages=551–553}}</ref> The Muslim population had Islamised Albanian names and Muslim names while the Christian population of Arbanas had a mixture of Albanian, Christian and Slavic names. As such, the historian Mark Krasniqi considers the inhabitants of Arbanas to be Albanians who bore Orthodox Slavic names or Albanian-Slavic names.<ref>{{cite web |title=Argumentet dhe metodat e politikes ekspanioniste serbe per ta sunduar Kosoven nga akademik Mark Krasniqi |url=https://www.radiandradi.com/argumentet-dhe-metodat-e-politikes-ekspansioniste-serbe-per-ta-sunduar-kosoven-nga-akademik-mark-krasniqi/ |website=randiandradi.com |date=15 October 2015}}</ref> Albanian names were also present in other neighborhoods and some of the inhabitants would have a mixture of Albanian and Slavic names.<ref name="Pulaha" /> The neighborhood 'Arbanas' was mentioned with 74 homes.<ref name="Pulaha"/>
According to local tradition, the population moved to its present location from "Old Janjevo" (located between the hills of Borelina and Surnjevica) in {{circa}} 1630 due to Albanian ''zulum'' (injustice).<ref>{{harvnb|Kovačević-Kojić|2007|p=14}}, {{harvnb|Urošević|1935|p=188}}</ref>
One of the first schools in the history of Kosovo opened in Janjevo in 1665 and is still in use today.<ref>{{citation|url=http://kk.rks-gov.net/lipjan/City-guide/History.aspx?lang=sq-AL | publisher=Lipjan Commune| title=Historia e Komunës së Lipjanit (History of the Lipjani commune)|language=Albanian|access-date=2013-08-28}}</ref>
A letter survives in Janjevo from 1664 from the Albanian Catholic Andrea Bogdani whom wrote that the Orthodox Serbs, whom were being protected by the Ottomans and which he considered the Catholics worst enemies, were trying to collect tributes from the Catholics.<ref>Kosovo: A Short History p. 207</ref>
===Contemporary=== In 1922, Henry Baerlein noted that the Austrians had for thirty years tried to Albanianize the Janjevo population.{{sfn|Duijzings|2000|p=43}} In 1997, the Croatian government began resettling Croats from the village to Kistanje in Croatia.{{sfn|Duijzings|2000|p=59}} During the Kosovo War (1998–99), many of the Croats resettled to Croatia as they feared the ongoing battle waged by the Yugoslav Army and the Kosovo Liberation Army. As of 2011, only 270 out of the pre-war 1500 Croats remain in the village.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ethnic composition, all places: 2011 census|url=http://pop-stat.mashke.org/kosovo-ethnic-loc2011.htm}}</ref>
A Catholic church (St. Nikola)<ref>{{cite web |date=20 May 2012 |title=President Jahjaga visited the Croatian community in Janjevo |url=http://www.president-ksgov.net/?page=2,6,2336 |access-date=2013-08-29 |publisher=Presidency of Kosovo}}</ref> is located in the town about 100 meters from the main mosque.
==Anthropology== In the Middle Ages, Croats from Ragusa and Kotor as well as likely Saxons (''Sasi'') inhabited the village.<ref name=HE/><ref name=ProL/> The inhabitants of Janjevo have in the past called themselves and been called "Latins" ({{langx|hr|Latini}}).{{sfn|Nušić|1902|p=53}}<ref>{{cite book|last=Kostić|first=Kosta N.|title=Naši gradovi na jugu|year=1922|oclc=12841086|page=133}}</ref> Anthropologist A. Urošević noted during field study, published in 1935, that many Janjevans lacked national consciousness.{{sfn|Urošević|1935|p=199}} They spoke a Kosovan dialect, as the Serbs, but called it Janjevan.{{sfn|Urošević|1935|p=199}} As the Serbs, they had family feast days (''slava'').{{sfn|Nušić|1902|p=54}}
In 1991, the most numerous families were the Palić (Matić and Rucić), Glasnović (Tomkić and Topalović), Ćibarić, Berišić (Ancić, Mazarekić and Golomejić), Macukić, and Cirimotić.
==Demographics== The population of ''Janjevci'' has decreased since the 1970s. Since 1971, the ''Janjevci'' have immigrated from Janjevo to Zagreb and Kistanje, causing a decline in their population.<ref>{{citation |last1=Šiljković |first1=Željka |title=JANJEVO AND JANJEVCI – FROM KOSOVO TO ZAGREB |date=2004-05-26 |journal=Geoadria |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=88–109 |url=https://hrcak.srce.hr/file/14787 |access-date=2013-07-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120318171338/http://hrcak.srce.hr/file/14787 |archive-date=2012-03-18 |url-status=dead |publisher=Croatian Geographical Society - Zadar, Department of Geography, University of Zadar |language=hr, en |last2=Glamuzina |first2=Martin}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2011-11-24 |title=Ethnic Croats inform Bebic about deteriorating security in Janjevo - Daily - tportal.hr |url=http://daily.tportal.hr/161506/Ethnic-Croats-inform-Bebic-about-deteriorating-security-in-Janjevo.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140317212206/http://daily.tportal.hr/161506/Ethnic-Croats-inform-Bebic-about-deteriorating-security-in-Janjevo.html |archive-date=2014-03-17 |access-date=2013-07-15 |publisher=Daily.tportal.hr}}</ref>
According to the 2011 census, there was a total number of 2137 inhabitants. Albanians numbered 1586, Croats - 270, Roma - 177, Turks - 118, Ashkali - 11, Bosniaks - 5, Unknown - 4, Serbs - 1, Undeclared - 1.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ethnic composition, all places: 2011 census|url=http://pop-stat.mashke.org/kosovo-ethnic-loc2011.htm}}</ref>
;Demographic history *1991: 4797 ({{estimation}}); Croats - 2859, Roma - 344, Albanians - 59 ({{estimation}} 1539), Serbs - 8 *1981: 5086; Croats - 3534, Albanians - 1078, Roma - 331, Serbs - 21. *1971: 4742; Croats - 3761, Albanians - 576, Roma - 218, Serbs - 51. *1961: 3762; Croats - 3052, Albanians - 302, Serbs - 47, Roma - 7. *1953: 3420 *1948: 3090
==Notable people== * Shtjefën Gjeçovi (1874–1929), Albanian Catholic priest, nationalist, ethnologist and folklorist. His monument resides in the town, and his house is now a museum.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://kk.rks-gov.net/lipjan/News/Ne-Janjeve-u-mbajt-manifestimi---Gjurme-te-Gjecovi.aspx |title=Komuna Lipjan - Në Janjevë u mbajt manifestimi " Gjurmë të Gjeçovit" |publisher=Lipjan Commune |date=16 June 2010 |access-date=2013-08-29}}</ref> * Pal Dodaj, (1880–1951), Albanian translator and philosopher * Matija Mazarek (1726–fl. 1792), Catholic archbishop * Pajsije, Serbian Patriarch 1614–1647 * Vikentije Popović-Hadžilavić, Metropolitan of Karlovci 1713–1725 * Alojzije Palić (1877/8-1913), Catholic priest
==References== {{Reflist}}
==Sources== *{{cite book|last=Duijzings|first=Ger|title=Religion and the Politics of Identity in Kosovo|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aJRYkzl5YC4C&pg=PA43|year=2000|publisher=C. Hurst & Co. Publishers|isbn=978-1-85065-431-5|pages=43–}} *{{cite book|last=Kovačević-Kojić|first=Desanka|title=Gradski život u Srbiji i Bosni (XIV-XV vijek): The Urban Life in Serbia and Bosnia (XIV-XV Century)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jNmrDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA21|date=11 July 2007|publisher=Istorijski institut|isbn=978-86-7743-059-7|pages=21–}} *{{cite web|last=Nušić|first=Branislav Đ.|year=1902|title=Kosovo: opis zemlje i naroda |url=https://archive.org/stream/kosovoopiszemlj00nugoog |language=Croatian}} *{{cite book|last=Radovanović|first=Milovan|title=Kosovo i Metohija: antropogeografske, istorijskogeografske, demografske i geopolitičke osnove|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Hjc7AQAAIAAJ|year=2008|publisher=Službeni Glasnik|isbn=9788675497806}} *{{cite journal|last=Urošević|first=Atanasije|title=Janjevo|year=1935|journal=GSND|volume=XIV|location=Skoplje}}
==External links== {{Commons category|Janjevo}} *[https://oralhistorykosovo.org/research/janjevo-project/ Janjevo Project] in Oral History of Kosovo *{{cite web|title=Janjevo bez Janjevaca|publisher=RTS|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cS8KPSxzPXg}}
{{Authority control}}
Category:Villages in Lipjan