Janice Bishop

{{Infobox scientist | name = Janice L. Bishop | image =  | image_size = | alt = | caption = | birth_name =  | birth_date =  | birth_place = | death_date =  | citizenship = | nationality = | workplaces = | alma_mater = Brown University | thesis_title = Spectroscopic analyses of chemically altered montmorillonites and applications to the soils on Mars | thesis_url = https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/33889336 | thesis_year = 1994 | doctoral_advisor = John O. Edwards | academic_advisors = | doctoral_students = | awards = | website =  | spouse =  | partner =  | children = | education = | image_upright = | honorific_suffix = | honorific_prefix = }}

'''Janice Bishop''' is a planetary scientist known for her research into the minerals found on [[Mars]].

== Education and career == In 1988, Bishop earned a B.S. in chemistry and an M.S. in Applied Earth Science from [[Stanford University]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2020|title=Bishop CV|url=https://www.seti.org/sites/default/files/2020-02/Bishop_CV_2020.pdf}}</ref> She earned her Ph.D. from [[Brown University]] in 1994 and then was a postdoctoral associate at the [[German Aerospace Center]] in Berlin until 1997. From 1997 to 1999 she was a fellow at the [[National Aeronautics and Space Agency|National Aeronautics Space Agency]] (NASA) [[Ames Research Center]] before becoming a research scientist at the [[SETI Institute]].<ref name=":0" /> Starting in 2015 she joined the Science Council at the SETI Institute and is a contractor at the NASA Ames Research Center.<ref name=":0" />

In 2020<ref name="Bishop">{{cite web|title=Bishop|url=https://honors.agu.org/honorsfellow/bishop/|website=Honors Program}}</ref> she was elected a fellow of the [[American Geophysical Union]] for: {{blockquote|...enabling the discovery of phyllosilicates on Mars and for making critical discoveries regarding the climate history of Mars}}

== Research == Bishop uses Raman spectroscopy to examine minerals that may be found on Mars<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Bishop|first1=Janice L.|last2=Murad|first2=Enver|date=2004|title=Characterization of minerals and biogeochemical markers on Mars: A Raman and IR spectroscopic study of montmorillonite|journal=Journal of Raman Spectroscopy|volume=35|issue=6|pages=480–486|doi=10.1002/jrs.1173|bibcode=2004JRSp...35..480B |doi-access=free}}</ref> and examines minerals on Earth that serve as proxies for conditions on Mars.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Bishop|first1=Janice L.|last2=Murad|first2=Enver|date=1 July 2005|title=The visible and infrared spectral properties of jarosite and alunite|journal=American Mineralogist|volume=90|issue=7|pages=1100–1107|doi=10.2138/am.2005.1700|bibcode=2005AmMin..90.1100B |s2cid=11150685}}</ref> Through this research Bishop has analyzed water in minerals such as montmorillonite<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Bishop|first1=Janice L.|last2=Pieters|first2=Carlé M.|last3=Edwards|first3=John O.|date=1 December 1994|title=Infrared Spectroscopic Analyses on the Nature of Water in Montmorillonite|journal=Clays and Clay Minerals|volume=42|issue=6|pages=702–716|doi=10.1346/CCMN.1994.0420606|bibcode=1994CCM....42..702B |s2cid=1748775}}</ref> and used [[hyperspectral imaging]] to identify phyllosilicates on minerals from Earth.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Bishop|first1=J. L.|last2=Lane|first2=M. D.|last3=Dyar|first3=M. D.|last4=Brown|first4=A. J.|date=March 2008|title=Reflectance and emission spectroscopy study of four groups of phyllosilicates: smectites, kaolinite-serpentines, chlorites and micas|journal=Clay Minerals|volume=43|issue=1|pages=35–54|doi=10.1180/claymin.2008.043.1.03|bibcode=2008ClMin..43...35B |s2cid=97373731}}</ref> On Mars, Bishop's research revealed these phyllosilicates are indicative of the presence of water.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Bishop|first1=J. L.|last2=Dobrea|first2=E. Z. N.|last3=McKeown|first3=N. K.|last4=Parente|first4=M.|last5=Ehlmann|first5=B. L.|last6=Michalski|first6=J. R.|last7=Milliken|first7=R. E.|last8=Poulet|first8=F.|last9=Swayze|first9=G. A.|last10=Mustard|first10=J. F.|last11=Murchie|first11=S. L.|date=8 August 2008|title=Phyllosilicate Diversity and Past Aqueous Activity Revealed at Mawrth Vallis, Mars|journal=Science|volume=321|issue=5890|pages=830–833|doi=10.1126/science.1159699|last12=Bibring|first12=J.-P.|pmid=18687963|pmc=7007808|bibcode=2008Sci...321..830B }}</ref> In 2011, Bishop examined carbonate rocks in the [[Mojave Desert]] as an analogue for conditions that may occur on Mars<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Bishop|first1=Janice L.|last2=Schelble|first2=Rachel T.|last3=McKay|first3=Christopher P.|last4=Brown|first4=Adrian J.|last5=Perry|first5=Kaysea A.|date=2011|title=Carbonate rocks in the Mojave Desert as an analogue for Martian carbonates|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S1473550411000206/type/journal_article|journal=International Journal of Astrobiology|language=en|volume=10|issue=4|pages=349–358|doi=10.1017/S1473550411000206|bibcode=2011IJAsB..10..349B |s2cid=122114343|issn=1473-5504|url-access=subscription}}</ref> and her subsequent research revealed the wide-spread presence of rocks with carbonate on Mars<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Wray|first1=James J.|last2=Murchie|first2=Scott L.|last3=Bishop|first3=Janice L.|last4=Ehlmann|first4=Bethany L.|last5=Milliken|first5=Ralph E.|last6=Wilhelm|first6=Mary Beth|last7=Seelos|first7=Kimberly D.|last8=Chojnacki|first8=Matthew|date=2016|title=Orbital evidence for more widespread carbonate-bearing rocks on Mars|journal=Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets|language=en|volume=121|issue=4|pages=652–677|doi=10.1002/2015JE004972|bibcode=2016JGRE..121..652W |s2cid=2327403 |issn=2169-9100|doi-access=free}}</ref> which could be indicative of potential life on Mars.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Possible Dwellings of Early Life on Mars Identified|url=http://thescienceexplorer.com/universe/possible-dwellings-early-life-mars-identified|access-date=2021-07-13|website=The Science Explorer|language=en}}</ref> Using data from instruments on the [[Curiosity (rover)|Curiosity rover]], Bishop and colleagues found presence of glauconitic clays which only form in bodies of water that remain still for long periods of time.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Losa-Adams|first1=Elisabeth|last2=Gil-Lozano|first2=Carolina|last3=Fairén|first3=Alberto G.|last4=Bishop|first4=Janice L.|last5=Rampe|first5=Elizabeth B.|last6=Gago-Duport|first6=Luis|date=2021-06-28|title=Long-lasting habitable periods in Gale crater constrained by glauconitic clays|journal=Nature Astronomy|volume=5 |issue=9 |language=en|pages=936–942|pmid=34541329|doi=10.1038/s41550-021-01397-x|issn=2397-3366|pmc=7611674|bibcode=2021NatAs...5..936L }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=July 12, 2021|title=Could Clays Found in Ancient Gale Crater Lake on Mars Once Have Harbored Life?|url=https://www.seti.org/could-clays-found-ancient-gale-crater-lake-mars-once-have-harbored-life|website=SETI Institute}}</ref> In 2021, Bishop determined that dark streaks on Mars, called [[Seasonal flows on warm Martian slopes|recurring slope lineae]], can be the result of the interactions of sulfates and chlorine salts that absorb water, a condition that leads to landslides.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Bishop|first1=J. L.|last2=Yeşilbaş|first2=M.|last3=Hinman|first3=N. W.|last4=Burton|first4=Z. F. M.|last5=Englert|first5=P. A. J.|last6=Toner|first6=J. D.|last7=McEwen|first7=A. S.|last8=Gulick|first8=V. C.|last9=Gibson|first9=E. K.|last10=Koeberl|first10=C.|date=February 2021|title=Martian subsurface cryosalt expansion and collapse as trigger for landslides|journal=Science Advances|volume=7|issue=6|article-number=eabe4459|doi=10.1126/sciadv.abe4459|pmid=33536216|pmc=7857681|bibcode=2021SciA....7.4459B }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-02-18|title=Dark streaks on Mars may be caused by salts and melting ice {{!}} Space {{!}} EarthSky|url=https://earthsky.org/space/mars-dark-streaks-melting-ice-recurring-slope-lineae/|access-date=2021-07-13|website=earthsky.org|language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Selected publications ===

* {{cite journal|last1=Bishop|first1=Janice L.|last2=Pieters|first2=Carlé M.|last3=Edwards|first3=John O.|date=1 December 1994|title=Infrared Spectroscopic Analyses on the Nature of Water in Montmorillonite|journal=Clays and Clay Minerals|volume=42|issue=6|pages=702–716|doi=10.1346/CCMN.1994.0420606|bibcode=1994CCM....42..702B |s2cid=1748775}} * {{cite journal|last1=Bishop|first1=J. L.|last2=Dobrea|first2=E. Z. N.|last3=McKeown|first3=N. K.|last4=Parente|first4=M.|last5=Ehlmann|first5=B. L.|last6=Michalski|first6=J. R.|last7=Milliken|first7=R. E.|last8=Poulet|first8=F.|last9=Swayze|first9=G. A.|last10=Mustard|first10=J. F.|last11=Murchie|first11=S. L.|date=8 August 2008|title=Phyllosilicate Diversity and Past Aqueous Activity Revealed at Mawrth Vallis, Mars|journal=Science|volume=321|issue=5890|pages=830–833|doi=10.1126/science.1159699|last12=Bibring|first12=J.-P.|pmid=18687963|pmc=7007808|bibcode=2008Sci...321..830B }} * {{cite journal|last1=Bishop|first1=J. L.|last2=Lane|first2=M. D.|last3=Dyar|first3=M. D.|last4=Brown|first4=A. J.|date=March 2008|title=Reflectance and emission spectroscopy study of four groups of phyllosilicates: smectites, kaolinite-serpentines, chlorites and micas|journal=Clay Minerals|volume=43|issue=1|pages=35–54|doi=10.1180/claymin.2008.043.1.03|bibcode=2008ClMin..43...35B |s2cid=97373731}} * {{cite journal|last1=Bishop|first1=J. L.|last2=Yeşilbaş|first2=M.|last3=Hinman|first3=N. W.|last4=Burton|first4=Z. F. M.|last5=Englert|first5=P. A. J.|last6=Toner|first6=J. D.|last7=McEwen|first7=A. S.|last8=Gulick|first8=V. C.|last9=Gibson|first9=E. K.|last10=Koeberl|first10=C.|date=February 2021|title=Martian subsurface cryosalt expansion and collapse as trigger for landslides|journal=Science Advances|volume=7|issue=6|article-number=eabe4459|doi=10.1126/sciadv.abe4459|pmid=33536216|pmc=7857681|bibcode=2021SciA....7.4459B }}

== Awards and honors ==

* Kavli Fellow (2008)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Janice Bishop|url=http://www.nasonline.org/programs/kavli-frontiers-of-science/frontiers-alumni/alumni-directory/janice-bishop.html|access-date=2021-07-13|website=www.nasonline.org}}</ref> * Helmholtz International Fellow Award (2013)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nine outstanding researchers receive Helmholtz International Fellow Awards|url=https://www.helmholtz.de/en/current-topics/press-releases/article/nine-outstanding-researchers-receive-helmholtz-international-fellow-awards/|access-date=2021-07-13|website=www.helmholtz.de|language=en-GB|archive-date=2021-07-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210713122357/https://www.helmholtz.de/en/current-topics/press-releases/article/nine-outstanding-researchers-receive-helmholtz-international-fellow-awards/}}</ref> *Marion L. and Chrystie M. Jackson Mid-Career Clay Scientist Award, The Clay Minerals Society (2016)<ref>{{cite web|date=May 25, 2016|title=SETI's Dr. Janice Bishop Wins Award for Clay Science Research on Mars|url=https://www.seti.org/seti-institute/SETI-Janice-Bishop-Wins-Award-Mars-Clay-Soil-Research}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Marion L. and Chrystie M. Jackson Mid-Career Clay Scientist Award – The Clay Minerals Society|url=https://www.clays.org/awards_jackson_award/}}</ref> * Fellow, [[Geological Society of America]] (2018)<ref>{{Cite web|title=GSA Fellowship|url=https://www.geosociety.org/GSA/About/awards/GSA_Fellows/GSA/Awards/Fellows.aspx|access-date=2021-07-13|website=www.geosociety.org}}</ref> * Fellow, [[Mineralogical Society of America]] (2018)<ref>{{Cite web|title=MSA Fellows|url=http://www.minsocam.org/MSA/Awards/Fellowslist.html|access-date=2021-07-13|website=www.minsocam.org}}</ref> * Fellow, [[American Geophysical Union]] (2020)<ref name="Bishop"/><ref>{{cite web|date=November 18, 2020|title=Janice Bishop Named AGU Fellow|url=https://www.seti.org/janice-bishop-named-agu-fellow}}</ref> * G. K. Gilbert Award for outstanding contributions to planetary geology (2021)<ref>{{Cite web |title=G. K. Gilbert Award - 2021 |url=https://www.geosociety.org/GSA/About/awards/GSA/Awards/2021/gilbert.aspx |access-date=2022-03-16 |website=www.geosociety.org}}</ref>

== References == {{reflist}}

== External links == * {{google scholar id|T-QqQNQAAAAJ&hl}} *{{YouTube|id=fpKzjMFS7Mg|title=Surface of Mars - Janice Bishop (SETI Talks)}}, August 28, 2009

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bishop, Janice}} [[Category:Fellows of the American Geophysical Union]] [[Category:Fellows of the Geological Society of America]] [[Category:Brown University alumni]] [[Category:Stanford University alumni]] [[Category:Women planetary scientists]] [[Category:Planetary scientists]] [[Category:American geologists]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]] [[Category:Women geologists]]