{{Short description|Queen of Joseon from 1690 to 1694}} {{hatnote|In this Korean name, the family name is ''Jang'', and ''Huibin'' is a royal title, not a personal name.}} {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}} {{Infobox royalty | name = Huibin Jang | title = Royal Consort of the First Senior Rank | image = Lady Jang Hui-bin.jpg | image_size = 200px | caption = Lady Jang's tomb | succession = Queen consort of Joseon | reign = 22 October 1690 – 12 April 1694 | reign-type = Tenure | predecessor = Queen Inhyeon | successor = Queen Inhyeon | house-type = Clan | father = Jang Hyeong | mother = Lady, of the Papyeong Yun clan | consort = Yes | spouse = Sukjong of Joseon | spouse-type = Consort of | issue = 2 sons, including Gyeongjong of Joseon | issue-link = #Ancestry | full name = Jang Ok-jeong (장옥정; 張玉貞) | birth_date = 3 November 1659 | birth_place = Sangpyeong-bang, Hanseong, Joseon | death_date = {{death-date and age|10 October 1701|3 November 1659}} | death_place = Chwiseondang Hall, Changgyeonggung, Hanseong, Joseon | burial_place = Daebinmyo, Seooreung Cluster, Goyang, South Korea | house = {{plainlist| * Indong Jang (by birth) * Jeonju Yi (by marriage) }} | dynasty = Yi | module = {{Infobox Korean name/auto | child = yes |hangul=^희빈 %장%씨 |hanja=禧嬪 張氏 }} }}
'''''Huibin'' Jang''' ({{Korean|hangul=희빈 장씨|hanja=禧嬪 張氏}}; 3 November 1659 – 10 October 1701), or '''Concubine Hui''',{{Efn|The literal translation of ''bin'' (빈; 嬪) is "concubine". Combined with the honorific title ''hui'' (희; 禧), the full meaning is "Joyful Concubine".}} of the Indong Jang clan, personal name '''Jang Ok-jeong''', was a consort of Sukjong of Joseon and the mother of King Gyeongjong. She was queen of Joseon from 1690 until her deposition in 1694, and is remembered today as one of the greatest femme fatales in Korean history.
==Biography== ===Early life=== Lady Jang was the daughter of Jang Hyeong and his second wife, a lady of the Papyeong Yun clan. Part of the Namin faction, she came from a long line of interpreters and belonged to the ''jungin'' class.
Lady Jang is widely thought to have been one of the most beautiful women in Joseon, and her charm was mentioned in the ''Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty''.
She became a lady-in-waiting to King Sukjong's step-great-grandmother, Grand Queen Dowager Jaui, at the recommendation of Prince Dongpyeong, who was the king's first cousin-once-removed and Jaui's step-grandson.
===Life as royal consort=== While visiting Queen Jaui, the king became infatuated with Lady Jang's beauty and gave her the rank of ''Seungeun Sanggung'' (or Favored Sanggung; 승은 상궁), but his mother, Queen Dowager Hyeonyeol, who belonged to the Seoin faction, feared that Jang Ok-jeong would influence him to favor the Namin, so she expelled her from the palace.
In 1683, Hyeonyeol died and Queen Min, Sukjong's wife at that time (posthumously known as Queen Inhyeon), allowed Lady Jang to return to court.
In 1686, Ok-jeong became a concubine with the rank of ''Sug-won'' ({{Korean|hangul=숙원|hanja=淑媛|labels=no}}). In 1688, she was elevated to ''So-ui'' ({{Korean|hangul=소의|hanja=昭儀|labels=no}}), after giving birth to the King's first son, Yi Yun.
In the court, the Seoin faction split into Noron (Old Learning), led by Song Si-yeol, and Soron (New Learning), led by Yun Jeung. The Noron was supported by Queen Inhyeon.
The Namin faction pushed for the King to acknowledge Yi Yun as heir apparent, but the Seoin faction insisted that the Queen was still young and could bear a son, who should be the heir. Sukjong pushed for a compromise in which the Queen would adopt Yi Yun as her son. However, she refused to do so. Sukjong became angry at the opposition, and many were killed, including Song Si-yeol. The Namin faction seized power, and they exiled the Queen's father and the leaders of the Seoin faction.
In May 1689, Queen Inhyeon was also deposed and exiled. This incident is called ''Gisa Hwanguk'' ({{Korean|hangul=기사환국|labels=no}}).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://academic.naver.com/view.nhn?doc_id=16555216&dir_id=0&page=0&query=Gisa+Hwanguk&ndsCategoryId=10102&library=94|script-title=ko:네이버 학술정보|website=Academic.naver.com|access-date=26 October 2017}}</ref><ref name="archive.org">{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/historyofkorea02hulbuoft|title=The history of Korea|first=Homer B. (Homer Bezaleel)|last=Hulbert|date=26 October 2017|publisher=Seoul, Methodist Pub. House|access-date=26 October 2017|via=Internet Archive}}</ref>
In that same year, Lady Jang was promoted to ''Bin'' ({{Korean|hangul=빈|hanja=嬪|labels=no}}), the highest rank for a consort, with the honorific title ''hui'' (희; 禧), which means "joy". Later, Jang Hui-bin was appointed as queen consort.
In 1693, Sukjong's new favorite, a palace maid from the Haeju Choe clan, was officially elevated to a royal consort of the ''Sug-won'' rank. Choe Sug-won (later Choe Suk-bin), was an open supporter of Queen Min and encouraged the King to reinstate her to her original position. In the meantime, Kim Chun-taek, who was member of the Noron faction, and Han Jung-hyuk from the Soron faction, staged a campaign to reinstate the Deposed Queen.
In 1694, Jang Ok-jeong lost the favor of the King.<ref>Book "East Asia: A Cultural, Social, and Political History", 3rd pag. 255.</ref> Sukjong grew disgusted by the greed of the Namin faction and the ever-powerful Jang family. He also felt remorse for his temperamental actions during ''Gisa Hwanguk''. In the government, the Namin faction's attempt to purge the Seoin on the charge of plotting to reinstate the deposed Queen backfired.
===Later years and death=== The King banished Jang Hui-jae, Queen Jang's older brother, and the leaders of the Namin party. He officially demoted Jang Ok-jeong to her former position, ''Hui-bin'', and reinstated the Deposed Queen Min. This incident is called ''Gapsul Hwanguk'' ({{Korean|hangul=갑술환국|labels=no}}). The Namin faction would never politically recover from this purge.
The Soron faction supported Crown Prince Yi Yun, who was Jang Hui-bin's son, while the Noron faction supported Yi Geum, Prince Yeoning, who was Choe Suk-bin's son.
In 1701, Queen Inhyeon died of an unknown disease. Allegedly, Sukjong discovered Lady Jang conspiring with a shaman priestess to curse the Queen with black magic and gloating over her death.<ref>''Memoirs of Lady Hyegyŏng'' Page 246.</ref> The Soron faction pleaded with the King to show mercy and pointed out that she was the mother of the Crown Prince.
Unmoved, the King sentenced Hui-bin, her mother, her brother, the leader of Soron and all of her companions to death. 1700 people died as a result of the incident.{{citation needed|date=November 2021}} He also exiled the courtiers who had asked him to spare Lady Jang's life.<ref>{{cite book |last=Lee |first=Bae-young |date=20 October 2008 |title=Wome in Korean History |publisher=Ewha Womans University Press |pages=109–111 |isbn=978-8973007721}}</ref>
On 7 October 1701, Sukjong passed a decree prohibiting any concubine from ever becoming Queen, and on 10 October 1701, Jang Hui-bin was executed by poisoning at Chwiseondang Hall, her residence inside Changgyeonggung. She was 42 years old.
===Burial=== Her tomb is called ''Daebinmyo'' and was originally located in Gwangju, Gyeonggi Province, but in June 1969 it was moved to the Seooneung Cluster, in Deogyang District, Goyang, Gyeonggi Province, near ''Myeongneung'', which contains the tombs of King Sukjong and two of his wives, Queen Inhyeon and Queen Inwon.<ref name="exploringkorea.com2">{{cite web|date=4 August 2011|title=Daebinmyo Tomb at Seooreung Tombs - Exploring Korea|url=http://www.exploringkorea.com/daebinmyo-tomb-at-seooreung-tombs/|access-date=26 October 2017|website=Exploringkorea.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Academic : Information of Palaces and Royal Tombs (Royal Tombs)|url=http://www.gogung.go.kr/fgn/jsp/en/html/academic/academic4-2.jsp|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202113143/http://www.gogung.go.kr/fgn/jsp/en/html/academic/academic4-2.jsp|archive-date=2 February 2014|access-date=2014-01-26}}</ref> The relocation took place because the tomb was blocking the government's planned expansion of the city.
Behind the tomb is a large rock, and a pine tree has broken through the rock to grow. There is speculation that this reveals that Jang Hui-bin's ''ki'' (energy) was, and still is, very strong. Some Korean websites report that because Lady Jang was such a strong woman there is a belief that if young, single women who want a boyfriend visit the tomb and pay a tribute, they will soon find love.<ref>{{cite web|last=Jeong|first=Eun-ji| url=https://www.joongang.co.kr/article/4213770|title=그의 무덤가에서 춤추면 남자친구 생긴다?|date=2 June 2010|website=joongang.co.kr|access-date=25 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://dramasrok.wordpress.com/2010/06/08/king-sukjong-and-jang-hee-bins-tombs/|title=King Sukjong and Jang Hee Bin's Tombs|date=8 June 2010|website=dramasrok.wordpress.com|access-date=26 October 2017}}</ref>
Her memorial tablet was enshrined in ''Chilgung'' (or the "Palace of Seven Royal Concubines").<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-05-15 |title=Chilgung: Traces of the Seven Royal Concubines |url=http://www.theargus.org/news/articleView.html?idxno=1544 |access-date=2022-05-02 |website=The Argus |language=ko}}</ref>
==Ancestry== {{ahnentafel |collapsed=yes |align=center |boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc; |boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9; |boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc; |boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc; |boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe; |1= 1. '''Jang Ok-jeong''' ({{Korean|hangul=장옥정|hanja=張玉貞|labels=no}})<br />Royal Noble Consort Hui ({{Korean|hangul=희빈|hanja=禧嬪|labels=no}}) |2= 2. Jang Hyeong ({{Korean|hangul=장형|hanja=張烱|labels=no}})<br />Chief State Councillor ({{Korean|hangul=의정부영의정|hanja=議政府領議政|labels=no}}) |3= 3. Internal Princess Consort Pasan of the Papyeong Yun clan ({{Korean|hangul=파산부부인 파평 윤씨|hanja=坡山府夫人 坡平 尹氏|labels=no}}) |4= 4. Jang Eung-in ({{Korean|hangul=장응인|hanja=張應仁|labels=no}})<br />Right State Councillor ({{Korean|hangul=의정부우의정|hanja=議政府右議政|labels=no}}) |5= 5. Lady Park of the Nampo Park clan ({{Korean|hangul=정경부인 남포 박씨|hanja=貞敬夫人 藍浦 朴氏|labels=no}}) |6= 6. Yun Seong-rib<br />({{Korean|hangul=윤성립|hanja=尹成立|labels=no}}) |8= 8. Jang Su ({{Korean|hangul=장수|hanja=張壽|labels=no}})<br />Left State Councillor ({{Korean|hangul=의정부좌의정|hanja=議政府左議政|labels=no}}) |10= 10. Park Sim<br />({{Korean|hangul=박심|labels=no}}) |12= 12. Lord Yun of the Papyeong Yun clan<br />({{Korean|hangul=파평 윤씨|hanja=坡平 尹氏|labels=no}}) |16= 16. Jang Se-pil<br />({{Korean|hangul=장세필|hanja=張世弼|labels=no}}) |20= 20. Lord Park of the Nampo Park clan<br />({{Korean|hangul=남포 박씨|hanja=藍浦 朴氏|labels=no}}) |24= 24. Lord Yun of the Papyeong Yun clan<br />({{Korean|hangul=파평 윤씨|hanja=坡平 尹氏|labels=no}}) |7=Lady Byeon of the Chogye Byeon clan ({{Korean|hangul=초계 변씨|hanja=草溪 卞氏|labels=no}})}}
===Family=== * Father: Jang Hyeong ({{Korean|hangul=장형|hanja=張炯|labels=no}}; 25 February 1623 – 12 January 1669) * Mother ** Biological: Lady Yun of the Papyeong Yun clan ({{Korean|hangul=파평 윤씨|labels=no}}; 1626–1698); second wife ** Step: Lady Go of the Jeju Go clan ({{Korean|hangul=증 정경부인 제주 고씨|hanja=濟州 髙氏|labels=no}}; ? – 1645)
'''Sibling(s)'''
* Elder half-brother: Jang Hui-sik ({{Korean|hangul=장희식|labels=no}}; 1640 – ?) * Elder sister: Lady Jang ({{Korean|hangul=장씨|labels=no}}) * Elder brother: Jang Hui-jae ({{Korean|hangul=장희재|labels=no}}; 1651 – 29 October 1701)
'''Husband''' *Yi Sun, King Sukjong of Joseon ({{Korean|hangul=이순 조선 숙종|labels=no}}; 7 October 1661 – 12 July 1720)
'''Issue''' * Son: Yi Yun, King Gyeongjong of Joseon ({{Korean|hangul=이윤 조선 경종|labels=no}}; 20 November 1688 – 30 September 1724) * Son: Yi Seong-su ({{Korean|hangul=이성수|labels=no}}; 19 July 1690 – 16 September 1690)
==In popular culture== * Portrayed by Kim Ji-mee in the 1961 film ''Jang Hui-bin''.<ref>{{cite web|title=Lady Jang (''Janghuibin'') (1961)|url=http://www.kmdb.or.kr/eng/md_basic.asp?nation=K&p_dataid=00675|work=Korean Movie Database|access-date=2013-01-26}}</ref> * Portrayed by Nam Jeong-im in the 1968 film ''Femme Fatale, Jang Hee-bin''.<ref>{{cite web|title=Femme Fatale, Jang Hee-bin (''Yohwa, Jang Hee-bin'') (1968)|url=http://www.kmdb.or.kr/eng/md_basic.asp?nation=K&p_dataid=01627|work=Korean Movie Database|access-date=2013-01-26}}</ref> * Portrayed by Youn Yuh-jung in the 1971 MBC TV series ''Jang Hui-bin''.<ref name=jhb>{{cite web|script-title=ko:'죽지 않는' 장희빈 벌써 9명, 김태희가 뒤 이을까|url=http://star.ohmynews.com/NWS_Web/OhmyStar/at_pg.aspx?CNTN_CD=A0001780449|work=OhmyNews|language=ko|access-date=2013-01-26|date=22 September 2012}}</ref> * Portrayed by Lee Mi-sook in the 1981 MBC TV series ''Women of History: Jang Hui-bin''.<ref name="jhb"/> * Portrayed by Jun In-hwa in the 1988 MBC TV series ''500 Years of Joseon Dynasty: Queen Inhyeon''.<ref name="jhb"/> * Portrayed by Jung Sun-kyung in 1995 SBS TV series ''Jang Hee Bin''.<ref name="jhb"/> * Portrayed by Kim Hye-soo in the 2002–2003 KBS2 TV series ''Royal Story: Jang Hui-bin''.<ref name="jhb"/><ref>{{cite web|title=TV Dramas - Actresses Line up for Award Ceremony Takeover|url=http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2003/12/29/2003122961019.html|work=The Chosun Ilbo|access-date=2013-04-02|date=29 December 2003}}</ref> * Portrayed by Yoon Se-ah in the 2007 film ''Shadows in the Palace''. * Portrayed by Lee So-yeon in the 2010 MBC TV series ''Dong Yi''.<ref>{{cite web|last=Lee|first=Ga-on|title=Han Hyo-joo says she "hold fast" to her role in ''DongYi''|url=http://www.asiae.co.kr/news/view.htm?idxno=2010050716003369984|work=10Asia|access-date=2013-01-26|date=7 May 2010}}</ref> * Portrayed by Choi Woo-ri in the 2012 tvN TV series ''Queen Inhyun's Man''. * Parodied by members of the pop band Shinhwa in the 25 August 2012 episode of JTBC variety show ''Shinhwa Broadcasting''.<ref>{{cite web |last=Hong |first=Grace Danbi |date=24 August 2012 |title=Shinhwa Transforms into Royal Concubines for ''Shinhwa Broadcast'' |url=http://enewsworld.mnet.com/enews/contents.asp?idx=13251 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130129000221/http://enewsworld.mnet.com/enews/contents.asp?idx=13251 |archive-date=29 January 2013 |access-date=2012-12-16 |website=EnewsWorld.mnet.com |publisher=CJ E&M}}</ref> * Portrayed by Kim Tae-hee and Kang Min-ah in the 2013 SBS TV series ''Jang Ok-jung, Living by Love''.<ref>{{cite web|last=Ho|first=Stewart|title=Kim Tae Hee Cast in Her First Historic Drama, ''Jang Ok Jung'' as Joseon Dynasty's Infamous Lady Jang Hee Bin|url=http://enewsworld.mnet.com/enews/contents.asp?idx=16901|website=EnewsWorld.mnet.com|publisher=CJ E&M|date=8 October 2012|access-date=2013-01-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121227171220/http://enewsworld.mnet.com/enews/contents.asp?idx=16901|archive-date=27 December 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> *Portrayed by Oh Yeon-ah in the 2015 SBS TV series ''Jackpot''. *Inspired a fictional concubine portrayed by Lim Ji-yeon in the 2026 SBS TV series ''My Royal Nemesis.''
==Notes== {{Notelist}}
==References== {{Reflist|30em}}
{{s-start}} {{s-hou|Indong Jang clan}} {{s-roy}} {{s-bef|before=Queen Inhyeon<br />{{small|of the Yeoheung Min clan}}}} {{S-ttl|title=Queen consort of Joseon|years=1688–1694}} {{S-aft|after=Queen Inhyeon<br />{{small|of the Yeoheung Min clan}}}} {{S-end}}
{{Sasaek Dangpa}} {{Joseon and Korean consorts}} {{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Jang, Huibin}} Category:17th-century Korean people Category:1701 deaths Category:Year of birth unknown Category:1659 births Category:17th-century Korean women Category:Korean ladies-in-waiting Category:Royal consorts of Joseon Category:Queens consort of Korea Category:Indong Jang clan Category:People executed by poison Category:People executed for witchcraft Category:Asian witchcraft Category:Mothers of Korean monarchs Category:17th-century ladies-in-waiting