Janet Lim-Napoles

{{Short description|Filipino businesswoman and convicted criminal (born 1964)}} {{Use mdy dates|date=August 2025}} {{Use Philippine English|date=August 2025}} {{Philippine name|Luy|Lim|Napoles|ph=married}} {{Update|date=March 2015}} {{Infobox criminal | name = Janet Lim-Napoles | image = Janet Lim-Napoles mugshot.jpg | caption = Janet Lim-Napoles's official mugshot | birth_name = Janet Luy Lim | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1964|01|15}} | birth_place = Malabon, Rizal, Philippines | other_names = | occupation = Businesswoman | known_for = Masterminding the PDAF scam | criminal_charge = graft and malversation of public funds (multiple counts, pending) | conviction = {{bulleted list |Serious illegal detention (2015; acquitted on appeal, 2017)|plunder (2018)|graft (3 counts, 2021)|malversation of public funds (3 counts, 2021)|Corruption of public officials (7 counts, 2024)}} | conviction_penalty = ''Reclusion perpetua'' | conviction_status = Incarcerated | imprisoned = Correctional Institution for Women, Mandaluyong<ref name=ciw>{{cite news|title=Napoles inilipat na sa Correctional|url=http://bandera.inquirer.net/88903/napoles-inilipat-na-sa-correctional|access-date=April 20, 2015|work=Bandera|publisher=Philippine Daily Inquirer, Inc.|date=April 16, 2015}}</ref> (since April 16, 2015) }} '''Janet Lim-Napoles'''{{refn|group=nb|Her given name was also spelled as '''Jannet''' on her birth certificate.<ref name="birth certificate">[https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.3.1/TH-1961-27014-18410-9?cc=1410394&wc=9Z32-W38:25272501,48155601,25268203,25270803 Janet Lim-Napoles' Birth Certificate]</ref>}} (born '''Janet Luy Lim'''; January 15, 1964) is a Filipino businesswoman who is believed to have masterminded the Priority Development Assistance Fund (PDAF) Scam. She was convicted of plunder for her involvement in the PDAF Scam and is facing charges for alleged involvement in the misuse of the Malampaya fund for disaster response operations.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/news/03/28/19/sc-allows-napoles-to-attend-hearings-at-sandiganbayan|title=SC allows Napoles to attend hearings at Sandiganbayan|date=March 28, 2019|website=ABS-CBN News|access-date=April 8, 2019}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.rappler.com/philippines/220900-napoles-dbm-dar-officials-to-be-arraigned-malampaya-fund-scam/|title=Napoles, ex-officials to be arraigned over Malampaya scam|date=January 13, 2019|website=Rappler|language=en|access-date=April 8, 2019}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1101849/sandiganbayan-affirms-napoles-conviction-for-plunder|title=Sandiganbayan affirms Napoles' conviction for plunder|last=Lalu|first=Gabriel Pabico|date=April 1, 2019|website=Inquirer|language=en|access-date=April 8, 2019}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.rappler.com/philippines/218443-dissenter-says-cambe-napoles-could-not-have-plundered-without-bong-revilla/|title=Cambe, Napoles could not have plundered millions without Revilla – dissenter|last=Buan|first=Lian|date=December 7, 2018|website=Rappler|language=en|access-date=April 9, 2019}}</ref>

==Early life== Janet Luy Lim was born in Malabon, then a municipality of Rizal. She is the fourth of five children of a Chinese Filipino couple: Johnny Co Lim (born Lim King Sing) and Magdalena "Nelly" Lim Luy.{{refn|group=nb|'''Mely Francisco Luy''' on Janet Lim-Napoles' birth certificate.<ref name="birth certificate" />}}

The family lived in Binondo, Manila until December 1970, when Johnny Co Lim died, and Luy returned with her children to her hometown of Maluso, Basilan. Napoles, who was six at the time, studied at the Maluso Central Elementary School, and completed her secondary education at a local Claretian school. The family ran the Luys' sari-sari store, and delivered drinks to workers at the local port.<ref name="earlylife" /> However, some residents of Maluso have claimed that the Luys were a rich family, owning a fish drying business and plots of land.<ref name="oldrich" /> As the security situation in Basilan began to deteriorate, and the family received threats of extortion, the Lim family moved back to Manila.<ref name="oldrich" />

Napoles reportedly met her husband, Jaime G. Napoles, on board a ferry which traversed between Mindanao and Visayas.<ref name="earlylife" /> They married in April 1982, when she was 18.<ref name="carpetride" /> In Manila, the couple lived in Fort Bonifacio, where the young Napoles ran a ''carinderia''.<ref name="earlylife" />

==Business career and government involvement== Napoles's business interests date back to the early 1990s. In 1993, she solicited for investments in a shipyard in Cebu, promising 5% interest on all investments. It was later discovered that the money was not invested in the shipyard: according to Col. Ariel Querubin, who was a friend of the Napoles family, the money they had invested in the shipyard was reportedly invested elsewhere, with Napoles pocketing the interest. While the investment was eventually recovered, Querubin claims the investment led to the death of his first wife.<ref name="tragicpast" />

In 2001, Napoles and her husband were implicated in the acquisition by the Armed Forces of the Philippines of ₱3.8 million worth of substandard Kevlar helmets, and were charged with graft and malversation of public funds by the Sandiganbayan (people's special tribunal). While her husband was dropped from the list of defendants in 2002, Janet Napoles stood trial, and was acquitted on October 28, 2010, for lack of evidence.<ref name="kevlarhelmets" />

In 2013, it was revealed that Janet Napoles's JLN Corporation had paid significantly less taxes than the average local public school teacher. Records show that from 2009 to 2011, the company paid between ₱9,036 and ₱25,164 in annual taxes, whereas a public school teacher at that time would have paid around ₱35,952 per year.<ref name="teachertaxes" />

===Pork barrel scam=== {{main|Pork barrel scam}}

Priority Development Assistance Fund (PDAF) was a program initially implemented in 1990, designed to allow legislators to fund small-scale infrastructure or community projects which fell outside the scope of the national infrastructure program. It was later ruled as unconstitutional by the Supreme Court of the Philippines.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/news/nation/336120/supreme-court-declares-pdaf-unconstitutional/story/| title = Supreme Court declares PDAF unconstitutional │ GMA News Online| date = November 19, 2013}}</ref>

Napoles has been linked with an alleged misuse of PDAF, together with Philippine Senators Bong Revilla, Jinggoy Estrada, Juan Ponce Enrile, and other congressmen.<ref>{{Cite news|title = Janet Napoles and the unraveling of the pork barrel scandal|date = December 31, 2013|url = http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/341906/news/specialreports/janet-napoles-and-the-unraveling-of-the-pork-barrel-scandal|last = Arquiza|first = Yasmin}} GMA News</ref>

She was convicted of plunder on December 7, 2018, for her involvement in the PDAF scam, with the conviction being upheld by the Sandiganbayan anti-graft court on March 13, 2019.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2019/04/02/1906616/sandiganbayan-affirms-janet-napoles-conviction-plunder|title=Sandiganbayan affirms Janet Napoles conviction for plunder|last=Marcelo|first=Elizabeth|date=April 2, 2019|website=The Philippine Star|access-date=April 8, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2019/04/01/1906399/court-upholds-napoles-plunder-conviction|title=Court upholds Napoles' plunder conviction|date=April 1, 2019|website=The Philippine Star|access-date=April 8, 2019}}</ref>

In 2021, the Sandiganbayan convicted Napoles on three counts of graft and three counts of malversation, along with Cagayan de Oro Rep. Constantino Jaraula and three others, in connection with the {{FXConvert|PHL|{{#expr:10000000000}}|cursign=₱}} pork barrel scam. Napoles was sentenced to 6 to 10 years imprisonment for each count of graft and 12 to 18 years for each count of malversation. Napoles stole government funds through the state-owned Technology and Livelihood Resource Center and the nongovernmental organization Countrywide Agri and Rural Economic Development Foundation.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Buan|first=Lian|date=February 5, 2021|title=Janet Napoles, ex-Cagayan de Oro congressman convicted of graft in pork barrel scam|url=https://www.rappler.com/philippines/janet-napoles-ex-cagayan-de-oro-congressman-jaraula-convicted-graft-pork-barrel-scam/|access-date=February 8, 2021|website=Rappler|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=February 5, 2021|title=Napoles, ex-Cagayan de Oro congressman found guilty of graft in pork barrel scam|url=https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2021/2/5/sandiganbayan-convicts-napoles-jalaura-pork-barrel-scam-.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210206093537/https://cnnphilippines.com/news/2021/2/5/sandiganbayan-convicts-napoles-jalaura-pork-barrel-scam-.html|archive-date=February 6, 2021|access-date=February 8, 2021|website=CNN|language=en|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Valenzuela|first=Nikka G.|date=February 6, 2021|title=Napoles, Jaraula guilty in pork barrel scam|url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1392673/napoles-jaraula-guilty-in-pork-barrel-scam|access-date=February 8, 2021|website=Inquirer|language=en}}</ref>

In October 2023, Napoles was convicted by the Sandiganbayan of 9 counts of corruption of a public official while former APEC party-list Rep. Edgar Valdez was convicted of 9 counts of direct bribery.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=October 20, 2023 |title=Napoles faces 60 more years in jail over fresh pork barrel scam conviction |url=https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2023/10/20/sandiganbayan-convicts-napoles-pork-barrel-scam.html |access-date=January 12, 2024 |website=CNN |language=en |archive-date=January 12, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240112151537/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2023/10/20/sandiganbayan-convicts-napoles-pork-barrel-scam.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Also in October 2023, the Sandiganbayan convicted Napoles of 4 counts of graft and 4 counts of malversation of public funds, in connection with the PDAF of former South Cotabato Rep. Arthur Pingoy Jr.<ref name=":5" />

In January 2024, Napoles was convicted 7 counts of corruption of public officials and was sentenced to up to 62 years in prison. She was also ordered to pay a fine of {{FXConvert|PHL|{{#expr:262000000}}|cursign=₱}}, with regard to PDAF funds of Senator Jinggoy Estrada. Estrada was convicted on one count of committing direct bribery and two counts of indirect bribery, but both Napoles and Estrada were acquitted of the charges of plunder.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bolledo |first=Jairo |date=January 19, 2024 |title=Jinggoy Estrada acquitted of plunder, convicted of bribery in pork barrel scam |url=https://www.rappler.com/philippines/sandiganbayan-decision-jinggoy-estrada-acquitted-plunder-convicted-bribery-pork-barrel-scam/ |access-date=January 21, 2024 |website=Rappler |language=en-US}}</ref>

===Illegal detention case=== Napoles was accused of illegally detaining Benhur Luy, her cousin and former employee in 2014. Luy's three-month custody under Napoles ended in March 2014. Napoles alleged that Luy took a ₱5.5 million loan under her name without her authorization. She also alleged that Luy was supposed to deposit ₱300,000 into her account but did not do so, accusing Luy of theft. Luy insists that he was detained by Napoles due to fears that he would expose Napoles's alleged significant role in the PDAF scam. Lim was later found guilty beyond reasonable doubt and was sentenced to ''reclusión perpetua'' on April 14, 2015. Napoles and her lawyers have indicated that they will appeal the decision to the Court of Appeals.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/469466/news/nation/napoles-gets-up-to-40-years-on-serious-illegal-detention-raps | title=Napoles gets up to 40 years on serious illegal detention raps | publisher=GMA News and Public Affairs | date=April 14, 2015 | access-date=April 14, 2015}}</ref>

====2017 motion to acquit==== {{Update section|reason=Napoles was acquitted in Luy serious illegal detention case, May 2017|date=February 2022}} The Office of the Solicitor General with the court of appeals filed a "manifestation in lieu of rejoinder" recommending the acquittal of Janet Lim Napoles in the Luy detention case.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/investigative/161513-duterte-solicitor-general-acquit-janet-napoles-illegal-detention-benhur-luy/ | title=SolGen moves to acquit Napoles in Luy detention case | date=February 15, 2017 | publisher=rappler | access-date=March 10, 2017}}</ref> This motion by the Solicitor General Jose Calida was backed by Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte, who said that he himself would move for the dismissal of the case citing selective prosecution under Aquino administration. The criminal actions must proceed against all responsible according to Duterte.<ref>{{cite web| url= https://www.abs-cbn.com/news/02/27/17/duterte-backs-acquittal-of-janet-napoles-in-detention-case | title=Duterte backs acquittal of Janet Napoles in detention case | publisher=abs-cbn news | access-date=March 10, 2017}}</ref>

=== Fertilizer fund scam === Napoles and six others were indicted in 2018 for their involvement in the Fertilizer Fund scam.<ref>{{cite press release |date=July 20, 2018 |title=Ombudsman indicts Napoles, 6 others in fertilizer fund scam |url=https://www.ombudsman.gov.ph/ombudsman-indicts-napoles-6-others-in-fertilizer-fund-scam/ |website=Office of the Ombudsman |access-date=July 3, 2020}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite news |last=Buan |first=Lian |date=July 23, 2018 |title=Inordinate delay: Napoles cleared in fertilizer scam |url=https://www.rappler.com/philippines/207981-ombudsman-indicts-janet-napoles-fertilizer-fund-scam/ |access-date=July 3, 2020 |work=Rappler}}</ref> The group was indicted for graft and malversation of public funds over PHP5 million worth of projects, including the anomalous purchase of fertilizers in 2004 in Surigao del Norte.<ref name=":3" /> Jo Chris Trading, a firm owned by Napoles, was tagged as the distributor of allegedly overpriced and diluted liquid fertilizers.<ref name=":4">{{Cite news |last=Cayabyab | first=Marc Jayson |date=May 8, 2015 |title=Witness tags Napoles in fertilizer fund scam |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/690181/witness-tags-napoles-in-fertilizer-fund-scam |access-date=July 3, 2020 |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer}}</ref> Fertilizer funds totaling ₱728 million were allegedly diverted in a vote-buying scheme involving favored local officials.<ref name=":4" />

The Sandiganbayan's fourth division, in a resolution promulgated on October 27, 2023, but made public the following month, granted the motions filed by Napoles, by a president of non-government organization Philippine Social Development Foundation Inc., as well as by four former officials of the Department of Agriculture–Caraga, to dismiss the charges against them, citing inordinate delay in the investigation by the Ombudsman, which took more than six years since the complaint was filed in 2017.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Marcelo |first=Elizabeth |date=November 12, 2023 |title=Inordinate delay: Napoles cleared in fertilizer scam |url=https://www.philstar.com/nation/2023/11/12/2310743/inordinate-delay-napoles-cleared-fertilizer-scam |access-date=November 16, 2023 |newspaper=The Philippine Star}}</ref>

=== Malampaya fund scam === Napoles is facing charges for her alleged involvement in the Malampaya fund scam.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rappler.com/video/40517-gma-napoles-face-plunder-charges-over-malampaya-fund/|title=GMA, Napoles face plunder charges over Malampaya fund|date=October 3, 2013|website=Rappler|language=en|access-date=April 9, 2019}}</ref> The case involves the misuse of ₱900 million sourced from the fund for disaster response operations in the aftermath of Tropical Storm Ondoy (Ketsana) and Typhoon Pepeng (Parma) in 2009.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/39418-malampaya-fund-plundered/|title=How the Malampaya fund was plundered|last=Rufo|first=Aries|date=September 20, 2013|website=Rappler|language=en|access-date=April 8, 2019}}</ref> The amount did not go to the communities affected by the disasters, but was allegedly plundered after being released to nongovernmental organizations linked to Napoles.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rufo |first=Aries |date=September 20, 2013 |title=How the Malampaya fund was plundered |url=https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/39418-malampaya-fund-plundered/ |access-date=2020-02-25 |website=Rappler |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite web |last=Bacungan |first=VJ |date=December 8, 2017 |title=Ombudsman charges 25 individuals for P900 million Malampaya Fund scam |url=https://cnnphilippines.com/news/2016/12/27/ombudsman-25-officials-malampaya-fund-scam.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200225111036/https://cnnphilippines.com/news/2016/12/27/ombudsman-25-officials-malampaya-fund-scam.html |archive-date=2020-02-25 |access-date=2020-02-25 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":02">{{Cite web |last=Buan |first=Lian |date=November 6, 2017 |title=How the P38-billion Malampaya fund was misused |url=https://www.rappler.com/philippines/187413-malampaya-fund-misuse-coa-audit-38-billion/ |access-date=2020-02-25 |website=Rappler |language=en}}</ref>

Napoles was charged for plunder by the National Bureau of Investigation before the Ombudsman in October 2013, along with former President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, former Budget Secretary Rolando Andaya, former executive secretary Eduardo Ermita, former agrarian reform secretary Nasser Pangandaman.<ref name=":32">{{Cite web |last=Quimpo |first=Nathan Gilbert |date=2025-12-23 |title=[Opinion] Major corruption scandals and cases from 1989: Where are they now? |url=https://www.rappler.com/voices/thought-leaders/opinion-major-corruption-scandals-and-cases-status/ |access-date=2026-01-03 |website=Rappler |language=en-US}}</ref>

Napoles and Andaya were charged in 2019 before the Sandiganbayan for allegedly violating the Anti-Graft and Corrupt Practices Act.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chiu |first=Patricia Denise M. |date=April 23, 2019 |title=Napoles refuses to enter plea in Malampaya Fund scam case |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1109512/napoles-refuses-to-enter-plea-in-malampaya-fund-scam-case |access-date=2020-02-25 |website=Inquirer |language=en}}</ref>

==Personal life== Janet Napoles's husband was a major in the Philippine Marine Corps who participated in the God Save the Queen coup attempt against President Corazón Aquino.<ref name="napolesstory" /> Originally a reservist, he later applied for active duty status, and eventually retired from the Marines on December 31, 2004.<ref name="hubby" /> Together, they have four children, Jo Christine, James Christopher, Christian, and Jean.<ref name="carpetride" /> Jo Christine Napoles is the president of the Metro Manila chapter of the OFW Family Club party list,<ref name="ofwfamilyclub" /> and was the group's third nominee to the House of Representatives until she withdrew her nomination on August 8, 2013.<ref name="withdrawal" /> Jean Napoles has been criticized for her ostentatious lifestyle,<ref name="taberna" /><ref name="rappler-lifestyle" /> including owning a $2 million unit at the Ritz-Carlton in Los Angeles while she studied fashion design at the Fashion Institute of Design & Merchandising.<ref name="unit" /> The Philippines Department of Justice (DOJ) has filed a P17.88-million tax evasion case against Jean Napoles.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bernal |first=Buena |date=September 11, 2014 |title=DOJ approves tax raps vs Jeane Napoles |url=https://www.rappler.com/philippines/68809-tax-evasion-charges-jeane-napoles/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181212123707/https://www.rappler.com/nation/68809-tax-evasion-charges-jeane-napoles/ |archive-date=December 12, 2018 |access-date=April 17, 2022 |website=Rappler}}</ref>

Jo Christine and James Christopher were charged with graft related to the pork barrel scam and the Malampaya fund scam.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Napoles children ask court permission to stay in U.S. indefinitely|url=https://www.rappler.com/philippines/214698-napoles-children-sandiganbayan-petition-go-to-us-for-money-laundering-cases/|last=Buan|first=Lian|date=October 19, 2018|website=Rappler|language=en|access-date=May 5, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Napoles' children to be arraigned for graft in pork barrel case|url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/650741/napoles-children-to-be-arraigned-for-graft-in-pork-barrel-case|last=Cayabyab|first=Marc Jayson|date=October 19, 2018|website=Inquirer|language=en|access-date=May 5, 2020}}</ref> Janet Napoles, children Jo Christine, James Cristopher, and Jean Catherine, her brother Reynald Luy Lim, and his wife Ana Marie were indicted by a U.S. court for domestic and international money laundering.<ref>{{Cite web|title=U.S. indicts Napoles family for money laundering|url=https://www.rappler.com/philippines/208607-us-department-justice-indicts-napoles-family-money-laundering/|last=Buan|first=Lian|date=August 1, 2018|website=Rappler|language=en|access-date=May 5, 2020}}</ref>

There are conflicting accounts as to the net worth of the Napoles family. While Napoles has described her family as middle class,<ref name="middleclass" /> acquaintances in Basilan claim that her maternal family had old money,<ref name="oldrich" /> which she confirmed in an earlier interview as having inherited.<ref name="inheritance" /> Her extended family in Basilan, however, has denied her claims of such an inheritance.<ref name="inheritance-denial" /> She has also claimed that most of her wealth was due to sound investments,<ref name="questions" /> mostly with coal trading in several countries but particularly in Indonesia.<ref name="inheritance" /><ref name="legitimate" /> However, the profitability of Napoles' business ventures has been questioned: according to disclosures made with the Securities and Exchange Commission in 2011 and 2012, the corporations under the JLN Group of Companies reported a total net income of less than ₱1 million,<ref name="businesses" /> and Merlina Suñas, one of the whistleblowers in the PDAF scam, has alleged that the Napoleses are not knowledgeable about the coal industry.<ref name="questions" />

In other disclosures made to the SEC, it was revealed that Napoles owned at least 28 houses in a number of cities in Luzon, with her family members also holding property in the United States.<ref name="houses" /> She also maintains, according to the Department of Justice, around 415 accounts with seventeen banks.<ref name="accounts" /> The Napoles family also maintains a fleet of 30 vehicles, which are all registered under the flagship company of the JLN Group of Companies, JLN Corporation.<ref name="cars" />

Napoles is a member of the Roman Catholic Church and has close ties with a number of Catholic clergy. She maintained a home for priests in Makati which was run by Monsignor Josefino S. Ramirez,<ref name="otherboss" /> who previously served as rector of the Quiapo Church,<ref name="priest" /> where her mother funded the church's feeding programs for the poor.<ref name="ties" /> Ramirez reportedly brought the image of the Black Nazarene on a number of occasions to Napoles' house, where they would hear Mass, and has confirmed that he received from her a monthly stipend of ₱150,000,<ref name="ties" /> and lived in one of Napoles' houses.<ref name="priest" /> The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Manila has distanced itself from Napoles, saying that the projects she funded were part of Ramirez's personal apostolate and are not official projects of the archdiocese.<ref name="apostolate" />

== Health == Janet Lim-Napoles was admitted to the Ospital ng Makati on March 31, 2014, for treatment of a uterine cyst.<ref name="admit-hospital">{{Cite news | last = Calleja | first = Niña| title = Napoles admitted to Makati hospital for treatment |url = http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/590664/napoles-admitted-to-makati-hospital-for-treatment | newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer | publisher=Philippine Daily Inquirer, Inc. | date = March 31, 2014 | access-date=April 7, 2014 }}</ref> On April 1, 2014, she underwent a series of tests, including electrocardiography (ECG), two-dimensional echocardiogram (2D-echo) and an X-ray. The following day, she underwent a blood test, and a week later underwent an endometrial biopsy examination despite her high blood sugar levels.<ref name="bloodtest">{{Cite news|last=Peralta|first=Third Anne|date=April 1, 2014|title=Doctor: Napoles needs to be checked before surgery|work=Sun.Star Manila|publisher=Sun.Star Publishing, Inc.|url=http://www.sunstar.com.ph/manila/local-news/2014/04/01/doctor-napoles-needs-be-checked-surgery-336066|access-date=April 7, 2014|archive-date=April 6, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140406053143/http://www.sunstar.com.ph/manila/local-news/2014/04/01/doctor-napoles-needs-be-checked-surgery-336066|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="highsugar">{{Cite news | last=Peralta | first=Third Anne | title=Napoles to undergo biopsy despite high sugar level | url=http://www.sunstar.com.ph/manila/local-news/2014/04/08/napoles-undergo-biopsy-despite-high-sugar-level-337207 | work=Sun.Star Manila | publisher=Sun.Star Publishing, Inc. | date=April 8, 2014 | access-date=April 11, 2014 }}{{Dead link|date=September 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref>

==Notes== {{reflist|group=nb}}

==References== <references>  <ref name="earlylife">{{cite news | author=Hofileña, Chay F. | title='Madame Jenny' Napoles, woman in the eye of a storm | url=https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/38079-madame-jenny-napoles-storm/ | work=Rappler | publisher=Rappler, Inc. | date=September 4, 2013 | access-date=September 8, 2013 }}</ref>

<ref name="oldrich">{{cite news | author=Alipala, Julie | title=Janet Lim Napoles' maternal clan is 'landed old rich' | url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/459077/janet-lim-napoles-maternal-clan-is-landed-old-rich | newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer | publisher=Philippine Daily Inquirer, Inc. | date=August 5, 2013 | access-date=August 21, 2013 }}</ref>

<ref name="tragicpast">{{cite news | author=Gloria, Glenda M. | title=Janet Napoles and a tragic past | url=https://www.rappler.com/philippines/36337-janet-napoles-tragic-past/ | work=Rappler | publisher=Rappler, Inc. | date=August 13, 2013 | access-date=August 28, 2013 }}</ref>

<ref name="kevlarhelmets">{{cite news|author=Carandang, Rolly T. |title=Will Janet Napoles get away again? |url=http://mb.com.ph/News/Main_News/22882/Will_Janet_Napoles_get_away_again |work=Manila Bulletin |publisher=Manila Bulletin Publishing Corporation |date=July 19, 2013 |access-date=August 28, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130801184150/http://mb.com.ph/News/Main_News/22882/Will_Janet_Napoles_get_away_again |archive-date=August 1, 2013 }}</ref>

<ref name="napolesstory">{{cite news | author=Masigan, Alfredo | title=The Napoles Story: So the entire Philippines will know | url=http://globalbalita.com/2013/08/21/the-napoles-story-so-the-entire-philippines-will-know/ | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130822161050/http://globalbalita.com/2013/08/21/the-napoles-story-so-the-entire-philippines-will-know/ | url-status=usurped | archive-date=August 22, 2013 | work=Global Balita | date=August 21, 2013 | access-date=August 23, 2013 }}</ref>

<ref name="hubby">{{cite news | author=Romero, Alexis | title=Napoles hubby in the news, too | url=http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2013/07/20/991101/napoles-hubby-news-too | work=The Philippine Star | publisher=PhilStar Daily, Inc. | date=July 20, 2013 | access-date=August 23, 2013 }}</ref>

<ref name="carpetride">{{cite news | author=Cruz, Louie | title=A magic carpet ride of a wedding anniversary | url=http://lifestyle.inquirer.net/42403/a-magic-carpet-ride-of-a-wedding-anniversary | newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer | publisher=Philippine Daily Inquirer, Inc. | date=April 8, 2012 | access-date=August 23, 2013 }}</ref>

<ref name="ofwfamilyclub">{{cite news | author=Carvajal, Nancy C. | author2=Esguerra, Christian V. | title=Napoles daughter heads for Congress as OFW rep | url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/444293/napoles-daughter-heads-for-congress-as-ofw-rep | newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer | publisher=Philippine Daily Inquirer, Inc. | date=July 14, 2013 | access-date=August 23, 2013 }}</ref>

<ref name="withdrawal">{{cite news|author=Baldo, Gerry |title=Napoles daughter resigns from OFW Family partylist |url=http://www.tribune.net.ph/index.php/nation/item/17694-napoles-daughter-resigns-from-ofw-family-partylist |work=The Daily Tribune |publisher=The Tribune Publishing Company, Inc. |date=August 9, 2012 |access-date=August 23, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130815075645/http://www.tribune.net.ph/index.php/nation/item/17694-napoles-daughter-resigns-from-ofw-family-partylist |archive-date=August 15, 2013 }}</ref>

<ref name="taberna">{{cite news | author=Taberna, Anthony | title=Napoles' daughter flaunts family's wealth | url=http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/nation/07/29/13/napoles-daughter-flaunts-familys-wealth | publisher=ABS-CBN News and Current Affairs | date=July 26, 2013 | access-date=August 23, 2013 }}</ref>

<ref name="rappler-lifestyle">{{cite news | author=Gutierrez, Natashya | title=Napoles' daughter blogs about lavish lifestyle | url=https://www.rappler.com/philippines/34895-napoles-daughter-blogs-lavish-lifestyle/ | work=Rappler | publisher=Rappler, Inc. | date=July 26, 2013 | access-date=August 23, 2013 }}</ref>

<ref name="unit">{{cite news | author=Gutierrez, Natashya | title=Napoles daughter owns P80M LA property | url=https://www.rappler.com/philippines/35285-napoles-daughter-owns-80-million-property/ | work=Rappler | publisher=Rappler, Inc. | date=July 31, 2013 | access-date=August 23, 2013 }}</ref>

<ref name="middleclass">{{cite news | author=Mangahas, Malou | title=Janet Lim-Napoles tells 'Investigative Documentaries': Middle class lang kami | url=http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/322338/newstv/investigativedocumentaries/full-transcript-janet-lim-napoles-tells-investigative-documentaries-middle-class-lang-kami | language=fil | publisher=GMA News and Public Affairs | date=August 16, 2013 | access-date=August 28, 2013 }}</ref>

<ref name="inheritance">{{cite news | title=Napoles insists her money came from inheritance, coal trading | url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/463503/napoles-insists-her-money-came-from-inheritance-coal-trading | newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer | publisher=Philippine Daily Inquirer, Inc. | date=August 12, 2013 | access-date=August 28, 2013 }}</ref>

<ref name="inheritance-denial">{{cite episode | author=Rieta, Hadji | title=Janet Lim Napoles, walang minanang yaman na ipinuhunan, ayon sa kanyang tiyuhin | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eXzITvXOc7U | language=fil | series=24 Oras | network=GMA Network | date=August 15, 2013 }}</ref>

<ref name="questions">{{cite news | author=Cabacungan Jr., Gil C. | title=Source of Napoles wealth questioned | url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/458623/source-of-napoles-wealth-questioned | newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer | publisher=Philippine Daily Inquirer, Inc. | date=August 5, 2013 | access-date=August 28, 2013 }}</ref>

<ref name="legitimate">{{cite episode | author=Sanchez, Korina (interviewer) | title=Napoles family: Our wealth is legit | url=http://anc.yahoo.com/news/napoles-family--our-wealth-is-legit-040921091.html | language=en, fil | series=Business Nightly | network=ABS-CBN News Channel | date=July 24, 2013 | access-date=August 28, 2013 | archive-date=August 2, 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130802055220/http://anc.yahoo.com/news/napoles-family--our-wealth-is-legit-040921091.html | url-status=dead }}</ref>

<ref name="businesses">{{cite news | author=Santos Jr., Reynaldo | title=Napoles businesses earned less than P1M | url=https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/36530-napoles-businesses-income/ | work=Rappler | publisher=Rappler, Inc. | date=August 15, 2013 | access-date=August 28, 2013 }}</ref>

<ref name="houses">{{cite news | author=Zamora, Fe | title=Napoles owns 28 houses | url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/466499/janet-lim-napoles-owns-28-houses | newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer | publisher=Philippine Daily Inquirer, Inc. | date=August 16, 2013 | access-date=August 28, 2013 }}</ref>

<ref name="accounts">{{cite news | title=Napoles' 400 accounts are with 17 banks | url=https://www.rappler.com/philippines/36610-napoles-107-bank-accounts/ | work=Rappler | publisher=Rappler, Inc. | date=August 14, 2013 | access-date=August 28, 2013 }}</ref>

<ref name="cars">{{cite news | author=Diola, Camille | title=List of Napoles' cars, plate numbers released | url=http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2013/08/15/1094141/list-napoles-cars-plate-numbers-released | work=The Philippine Star | publisher=PhilStar Daily, Inc. | date=August 15, 2013 | access-date=August 28, 2013 }}</ref>

<ref name="otherboss">{{cite news | title=Napoles: Benhur Luy has another boss, it is not me | url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/465861/napoles-benhur-luy-has-another-boss-it-is-not-me | newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer | publisher=Philippine Daily Inquirer, Inc. | date=August 15, 2013 | access-date=August 28, 2013 }}</ref>

<ref name="priest">{{cite news | author=Gutierrez, Natashya | title=Priest rents Napoles Forbes Park house | url=https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/36786-priest-rents-napoles-forbes-house/ | work=Rappler | publisher=Rappler, Inc. | date=August 21, 2013 | access-date=August 28, 2013 }}</ref>

<ref name="ties">{{cite news | author=Zambrano, Chiara | title=Priest explains ties to Napoles family | url=http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/focus/08/17/13/priest-explains-ties-napoles-family | publisher=ABS-CBN News and Current Affairs | date=August 17, 2013 | access-date=August 28, 2013 }}</ref>

<ref name="apostolate">{{cite news | author=Tubeza, Philip C. | author2=Esguerra, Christian V. | title=Archdiocese of Manila cuts ties with JLN charity group | url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/467921/archdiocese-of-manila-cuts-ties-with-jln-charity-group | newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer | publisher=Philippine Daily Inquirer, Inc. | date=August 18, 2013 | access-date=August 28, 2013 }}</ref>

<ref name="teachertaxes">{{cite news | author=Robles, Raissa. | title=Janet Napoles' alleged giant JLN Corporation paid less taxes than a public school teacher | url=http://raissarobles.com/2013/08/15/janet-napoles-alleged-giant-jln-corporation-paid-less-taxes-than-a-public-school-teacher/ | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130818083952/http://raissarobles.com/2013/08/15/janet-napoles-alleged-giant-jln-corporation-paid-less-taxes-than-a-public-school-teacher/ | url-status=dead | archive-date=August 18, 2013 | publisher=Raissa Robles | date=August 15, 2013 | access-date=November 7, 2013 }}</ref> </references>

==External links== *[http://www.inquirer.net/napoles Janet Napoles and the Pork Barrel Scam] – a special report portal maintained by the ''Philippine Daily Inquirer''

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lim-Napoles, Janet}} Category:1964 births Category:Living people Category:21st-century Filipino businesspeople Category:Filipino people of Chinese descent Category:Filipino prisoners and detainees Category:Filipino Roman Catholics Category:People from Malabon Category:People from Basilan Category:Filipino criminals