Jane Piper

{{Short description|American painter}} {{Infobox artist | honorific_prefix = | name = Jane Piper | honorific_suffix = | native_name = | native_name_lang = | image = File:Jane Piper, 1935, Bachrach.jpg | image_size = | alt = Jane Piper, 1935 | caption = Formal portrait, 1935<ref name="1935 Nov Philadelphia Inquirer"/> | birth_name = Jane Gibson Piper | birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|08|21}} | birth_place = Philadelphia, Pennsylvania | death_date = {{Death date and age|1991|08|08|1916|08|21}} | death_place = Philadelphia, Pennsylvania | resting_place = The Woodlands (Philadelphia) | resting_place_coordinates = <!-- {{Coord|LAT|LON|type:landmark|display=inline,title}} --> | spouse = E. Digby Baltzell (1915–1996), American sociologist | known_for = Artist, art teacher | field = | training = | alma_mater = | movement = | works = | patrons = | awards = | memorials = | elected = | website = | module = }}

'''Jane Gibson Piper''' (1916–1991) was an American artist known for her abstract treatment of still lifes. Building on the French modernist tradition of Matisse and Cézanne, she gave color precedence over representation.<ref name="Hyperallergic Dec 2016"/> Shortly after her death a critic said "throughout her career Piper worked within a relatively narrow aesthetic range. She was interested in spatial organization and in creating space through color — concerns of another painter she admired, Henri Matisse. There's a sense of Matisse in her later work, but no indication that she was trying to imitate him; the resonance reflects shared concerns."<ref name="1995 May Philadelphia Inquirer"/> From her first exhibition in 1943 through the end of her life she was given a total of thirty-four solo exhibitions in Philadelphia, New York, and other East Coast galleries and her works have been collected by major museums including the Philadelphia Museum of Art, the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, the Brooklyn Museum, the National Academy of Design, The Phillips Collection, and the Carnegie Museum of Art.<ref name="1991 Aug Philadelphia Inquirer"/>

==Early life and training==

Piper was raised in a prosperous and well-connected Philadelphia family.<ref name="Edmund B. Piper papers"/> At the age of nine she spent a year at a pension in Cannes where, observing an amateur artist at work, she became infatuated with painting and afterwards convinced her reluctant father to enroll her in an art class.<ref name="American Artist Nov 1978"/>{{rp|page=79 }}{{refn|group=note|Of this experience Piper later said: "I was nine years old, and we lived in a pension in Cannes with mostly retired English people. There was a Victorian type of woman from Scotland with high shoes. She went out every day and did watercolors. She never spoke to anybody. I figured that she was the lady I wanted to get to know. I'd hang around her, and later she let me go out with her painting. I'd sit and watch her do watercolors. At Christmas she gave me a sable brush and explained to me how to take care of it, how very valuable it was."<ref name="American Artist Nov 1978"/>{{rp|page=79 }} }} After a few years' study under the Philadelphia artist Grace Gemberling, she was able to study art as a boarder in a private school for girls, Westover School in Middlebury, Connecticut.<ref name="Boyle in Taggart Galleries 2005"/>{{rp|page=7 }}<ref name="2011 Gemberling catalog"/><ref name="Boyle Provincetown Arts 2005"/> Graduating in 1935, she returned to Philadelphia where she studied at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, first under Daniel Garber, whom she found to be too authoritarian, and then under Arthur Carles whose instruction she felt to be the most useful of all her teachers and whose artistic influence remained with her for the rest of her career.<ref name="American Artist Nov 1978"/>{{rp|pages=79–80 }}<ref name="1988 Jan Oral History"/> In 1936 she also enrolled for private study with the artist and collector Earl Horter. In his studio, her frequent close contact with paintings by Picasso, Braque, and Matisse made her aware of new possibilities in her own work.<ref name="Boyle in Taggart Galleries 2005"/>{{rp|page=12 }}{{refn|group=note|Largely self-educated, Earl Horter was an artist, printmaker, and collector whose acquisition of modernist art made his Philadelphia studio a valuable resource for budding artists such as Piper. In addition to the Europeans, Duchamp and Brancusi as well as the others mentioned, he acquired precisionist works by Sheeler as well as African sculpture and Native American artifacts.<ref name="Earl Horter - Biography"/> }} The influence of French Modernism on her work was also enhanced by informal study in Paris in 1937 and periods of study in the Barnes collection in 1938.<ref name="Boyle in Taggart Galleries 2005"/>{{rp|pages=9–10 }}{{refn|group=note|Regarding her time in the Barnes collection Piper later said, "I didn't know such paintings existed. I had seen some things that were involved with color abstraction, some Picassos and Bracques, but when I saw the Matisses I didn't know what hit me. The experience threw me into a whole new emotional world of color and feeling."<ref name="American Artist Nov 1978"/>{{rp|page=80 }} }} Three years later she spent the summer months at the school Hans Hofmann conducted in Provincetown, Massachusetts.<ref name="Boyle in Taggart Galleries 2005"/>{{rp|page=12 }}{{refn|group=note|In 1935 Piper befriended Moy Glidden in Daniel Garber's class in the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts. The two frequently shared the same studio and attended the same classes until Glidden left Philadelphia in 1940. They both continued to study with Arthur Carles throughout this half decade and Piper remained close to Carles until his death in 1941.<ref name="Scott in Taggart Galleries 2005"/>{{rp|page=20 }} }} Piper appreciated Hofmann's instruction but preferred Carles's.<ref name="Boyle in Taggart Galleries 2005"/>{{rp|page=12}}{{refn|group=note|Of the two teachers Piper later wrote, "Carles and Hofmann understood each other very well, but Hofmann's method of teaching was so different from Carles. I felt I knew what Hofmann was talking about, but I did not understand the language he was using. I could have learned more from him than I did, but I thought Carles had said it all in simpler terms."<ref name="Boyle in Taggart Galleries 2005"/>{{rp|page=12}} }}

===Exhibitions and critical reception=== Although Piper was a productive artist, fiercely devoted to her work, she had no need of income from sales and showed as frequently in non-commercial as commercial galleries.<ref name="Scott in Taggart Galleries 2005"/>{{rp|page=20 }}<ref name="1937 Nov Philadelphia Inquirer"/> Her first appearance in a public exhibition occurred in 1931 when a painting of hers was included in a children's art show at a Philadelphia women's cultural organization called the Plastic Club. Grace Gemberling mounted the show to put works by her young students on display. Piper's contribution was in a set of pictures on the theme of jealousy. Reviewing the show, C. H. Bonte of ''The Philadelphia Inquirer'' found the work in general to be natural and spontaneous and the jealousy set in particular to be emotionally overwhelming.<ref name="1931 Oct Philadelphia Inquirer"/> left|thumb|Jane Piper, "Composition in Red," 1942–43, oil on masonite, 28 x 36 inches Piper's unnamed and unsigned painting of 1942–43, called "Composition in Red," indicates the style of her work at the beginning of her professional career. During her career she participated in exhibitions held by non-commercial organizations included group and solo shows at the Philadelphia Art Alliance, Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, Woodmere Art Museum, Philadelphia Arts Festival, Philadelphia Center for Architecture, Cheltenham Art Center, Wallingford Community Center, and galleries in Friends' Central School, Swarthmore College, Lehigh University and New York Studio School.{{refn|group=note|Piper's paintings appeared in group and solo exhibitions of the Philadelphia Art Alliance in 1943, 1944, 1955, and 1967.<ref name="Chronology in Taggart Galleries 2005"/><ref name="1943 Mar Philadelphia Inquirer"/><ref name="1955 Dec Philadelphia Inquirer"/> She was shown at the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts in 1945, 1947, 1953, 1956, and 1986.<ref name="Chronology in Taggart Galleries 2005"/><ref name="1956 Oct Philadelphia Inquirer"/><ref name="1986 Oct Philadelphia Inquirer"/> Other non-commercial appearances included the Friends' Central School (1943), Woodmere Art Museum (1983), Philadelphia Arts Festival (1962), Swarthmore College (1966), Lehigh University (1968), Philadelphia Center for Architecture (1971), Cheltenham Art Center (1986), Wallingford Community Arts Center (1986), and New York Studio School (1991).<ref name="Chronology in Taggart Galleries 2005"/><ref name="1943 Apr Philadelphia Inquirer"/><ref name="1984 Oct Philadelphia Inquirer"/><ref name="1986 Sep Philadelphia Inquirer"/><ref name="1991 Aug Boston Globe"/> }} A traveling exhibition, "Jane Piper: Retrospective Paintings, 1940–1985," was first mounted in James Madison University in 1985.<ref name="Chronology in Taggart Galleries 2005"/> In 1943 Piper was given her first appearance in a commercial gallery. Remarkably, this debut was a solo exhibition. The venue was the Robert Carlen Gallery in Philadelphia.<ref name="1943 Jan Philadelphia Inquirer"/> She was given a second solo show at Carlen in 1959.<ref name="Chronology in Taggart Galleries 2005"/> Her first solo exhibition in a New York commercial gallery was at the Bonestell Gallery in 1947.<ref name="1947 Mar NYT"/> Other commercial solo shows included the Dubin Gallery (Philadelphia, 1954),<ref name="1954 Mar Philadelphia Inquirer"/> Parma Gallery (New York, 1958),<ref name="1958 Oct NYT"/> Cherry Stone Gallery (Wellfleet, Mass., 1971),<ref name="Chronology in Taggart Galleries 2005"/> Bodley Gallery (New York, 1981),<ref name="Chronology in Taggart Galleries 2005"/> Mangel Gallery (Philadelphia, 1987),<ref name="1987 Jan Philadelphia Inquirer"/> and Rising Tide Gallery (Wellfleet, Mass., 1990).<ref name="Chronology in Taggart Galleries 2005"/> Beginning in 1971, she also had eight solo exhibitions at the Gross-McCleaf Gallery in Philadelphia.<ref name="Chronology in Taggart Galleries 2005"/> Throughout the course of her career, Piper was given thirty-four solo exhibitions in commercial and non-commercial galleries in Philadelphia, New York, and Cape Cod.<ref name="1991 Aug Philadelphia Inquirer"/><ref name="PAFA 2010"/> right|thumb|Jane Piper, Untitled, 1961, oil on canvas, 28 x 34 inches Piper's untitled painting of 1961 indicates the non-objective style of her work late in her career.

Critical reception of Piper's work was at first tepid but grew stronger as her career progressed. Reviewing her first show in 1943, a critic complained that the paintings were overly-abstract and decorative, "admirably adapted for the adornment of modern rooms."<ref name="1943 Jan Philadelphia Inquirer"/> In 1956 her paintings received praise as "poetic light-filled abstractions."<ref name="1956 Oct Philadelphia Inquirer"/> At the height of her career in 1983 a reviewer found that "her abiding lyrical connection with nature and the domestic environment, and pursuit of a unique, individual perception, place her firmly within a strong American tradition, although she remains spiritually separate from any trend or movement."<ref name="1983 Oct Philadelphia Inquirer"/> A few years later she was recognized for an "original, daring approach" that was "firmly in the tradition of great American still life painting."<ref name="1986 Oct Philadelphia Inquirer"/> left|thumb|Jane Piper, "Fruit and Flowers," 1974, acrylic and charcoal on canvas, 40 x 60 inches Piper's "Fruit and Flowers of 1974 shows her handling of objects in an abstract style.

In 1986 a curator who had organized a retrospective exhibition of her work wrote that "she retains a sense of wonder while developing ever new complex harmonies of form and color"<ref name="1987 Jan Palladian Times"/> and a reviewer, calling Piper one of Philadelphia's best artists, said her paintings "with her preference for yellow, orange and red tints and clear blues and greens, give an original picture of her domestic environment and nature's bounty and profuse growth." This critic continued: "Clearly, this gifted artist has had success creating a living and working environment that has a direct relationship to her creative life as an artist."<ref name="1987 Oct Philadelphia Inquirer"/> In 2010, nineteen years after her death, Piper was called "one of Philadelphia's finest painters"<ref name="PAFA 2010"/> and three years later she was called "one of Philadelphia's most prominent modernist painters."<ref name="Piper Woodlands"/>

===Artistic style and working methods=== {{quote box |title = |quote = Her technique is modern. She abstracts through color her own essence of still life. Yet what is interesting and fulfilling about her work is that her original, daring approach is firmly in the tradition of great American still life painting. |source = —Victoria Donohoe, "Hard Decisions That Pay Off in an Artist's Constructions," ''The Philadelphia Inquirer'', October 17, 1986<ref name="1986 Oct Philadelphia Inquirer"/> |align = right |width = 22em |border = 0px |bgcolor = #BCD4E6 }}

In addition to the pervasive influence of her mentor Carles, Piper's early paintings were said to show the influence of Matisse and Cézanne. The influence of Carles and Matisse persisted as well in her late and final work.<ref name="Boyle Provincetown Arts 2005"/><ref name="2016 Dec Philadelphia Inquirer"/> Color appears as the organizing principle in most of her paintings from the first to the last.<ref name="Hyperallergic Dec 2016"/> Although constant reworking made it difficult to discern, her paintings were infrequently purely abstract.<ref name="1983 Oct Philadelphia Inquirer"/> In fact she was primarily a still life painter and almost always used objects in her studio as a starting point for each work.<ref name="1986 Oct Philadelphia Inquirer"/> Late in her career, a critic noted that her paintings were neither "abstract" nor "figurative," but something in between.<ref name="1987 Oct Philadelphia Inquirer"/> She herself said, "I was never conscious of painting representationally or not painting representationally. I was always involved in spacial forms, which naturally lead you somewhat into abstraction. You have to handle your responses to what you're seeing. I was putting down what I saw and how I felt about what I found as connecting links."<ref name="American Artist Nov 1978"/>{{rp|page=122 }}

In her work Piper wished to express her emotions rather than give a pictorial narrative.<ref name="1987 Jan Palladian Times"/> At the height of her career she responded to the poems of Wallace Stevens valuing the way in which they expressed emotions "in a moment's clarity of thought."<ref name="Boyle Provincetown Arts 2005"/>{{refn|group=note|Regarding the influence of Wallace Stevens on her work Piper said, "He's creating structure with the imagery. He, like Matisse, is searching for the right sensation, to recognize the completion of a work."<ref name="American Artist Nov 1978"/>{{rp|page=79 }} }}

In addition to rich colors, her mature work was noted for her use of white pigment,<ref name="1986 Oct Philadelphia Inquirer"/><ref name="1987 Jan Palladian Times"/><ref name="1983 Dec Philadelphia Inquirer"/> which she used as negative space in order to better define her subjects.<ref name="1988 Jan Oral History"/> She was said, like Matisse, to be "interested in spatial organization and in creating space through color,"<ref name="1995 May Philadelphia Inquirer"/> and a critic appreciated her late paintings for the "space structured by color, using still-life motifs" that they conveyed.<ref name="PAFA 2010"/> Early in her career most of Piper's paintings were made in oil on canvas. Later, she mainly used acrylic colors which she liked because of the quality of the whites. The shorter drying time was also important to her as she repainted continually as her paintings evolved.<ref name="American Artist Nov 1978"/>{{rp|page=78 }}

A private person who worked in solitude, she worked intensely, believing, as Carles had maintained, that in painting "you put everything in your life into it."<ref name="1983 Sep Philadelphia Inquirer"/> Speaking of students she had taught, she said it took more than just talent to sustain a professional career: "You must be able to tolerate yourself for long periods of time, working in the isolation of a studio."<ref name="American Artist Nov 1978"/>{{rp|page=122 }} She was unusually disciplined and rarely took time off. Despite family responsibilities (raising two daughters and moving the family about as her husband's career evolved), she once said a six-month hiatus was the longest time she had spent out of the studio.<ref name="American Artist Nov 1978"/>{{rp|page=122 }}<ref name="Scott in Taggart Galleries 2005"/>{{rp|page=20 }} "Observers should feel that the act of painting was effortless – that it happened, it just happened," she said in a 1977 magazine interview. "Which of course," she added, "is not true."<ref name="1991 Aug Philadelphia Inquirer"/> A few years later she said, "Painting is a pleasure, even though painful. It will always be a pleasure for me, because it is the thing I want to do the most."<ref name="Boyle in Taggart Galleries 2005"/>{{rp|page=17}}

==Collections==

Piper's paintings are held in the permanent collections of the Philadelphia Museum of Art, Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, Brooklyn Museum, Carnegie Museum of Art, National Academy of Design, Phillips Collection, Provincetown Art Museum, Mount Holyoke College Art Museum, and Woodmere Art Museum.<ref name="1991 Aug Philadelphia Inquirer"/><ref name="1991 Aug Boston Globe"/><ref name="Piper Woodlands"/>

==Art teacher==

She taught painting and drawing at the Philadelphia Museum of Art in the mid-1950s. From 1956 to 1985 she taught at the Philadelphia College of Art.<ref name="1991 Aug Philadelphia Inquirer"/> She also taught at the Pennsylvania Academy and the New York Studio School.<ref name="PAFA 2010"/> Of her teaching method she said, "In teaching I relate to the students one to one. I try to wait until they've done something, and then I talk to them about what they've done. I think they get much more from the setups or from looking at other paintings than they do from a lecture."<ref name="American Artist Nov 1978"/>{{rp|page=122 }}

==Personal life and family==

Piper was born in Philadelphia on August 21, 1916.<ref name="Chronology in Taggart Galleries 2005"/> Her father was Edmund B. Piper and her mother Elizabeth Gibson Piper. They were married in 1906 and settled in Williamsport, Pennsylvania.<ref name="Princeton Alumni Weekly 1906"/> Her grandparents on her father's side were members of an old and prominent family of Watsontown and neighboring Williamsport.<ref name="1894 Oct Williamsport Gazette"/> On her mother's side her grandparents were prosperous Williamsport merchants.<ref name="Lycoming History1892 Gibson"/> Edmund B. Piper was a well-known obstetrician and gynecologist who gained recognition for a forceps he designed (and which bears his name).<ref name="Edmund B. Piper pbio"/> Elizabeth Gibson Piper led an active social life, her name appearing frequently in the society columns of ''The Philadelphia Inquirer''. Piper had two older sisters, Helen E. and Eleanor L. Piper.<ref name="1925 Oct Philadelphia Inquirer"/> In 1925, Piper's mother and the three girls, aged eighteen, fifteen, and nine, spent the winter in France and it was there, at a pension in Cannes, that Piper decided she would become an artist.<ref name="American Artist Nov 1978"/>{{rp|page=79 }}<ref name="1926 Apr Philadelphia Inquirer"/> During the winter of 1933–34, following the elaborate activities required for the introduction to society of Helen and Eleanor as well as Helen's marriage to Henry B. Coxe, Piper's mother again took the three daughters to France.<ref name="1926 Apr Philadelphia Inquirer"/><ref name="1929 Oct Philadelphia Inquirer"/><ref name="1933 Feb Philadelphia Inquirer"/> In the meantime, the three had been names as principal beneficiaries in the will of a wealthy maiden aunt, Elizabeth L. Piper, each to receive $30,000 on their eighteenth birthdays,<ref name="1937 Nov Philadelphia Inquirer"/><ref name="Jul 1928 Philadelphia Inquirer"/> and Piper had become a boarding student at Westover School in Middlebury, Connecticut.<ref name="1932 Feb Philadelphia Inquirer"/> In February 1935 Piper's father died at the age of fifty-four,<ref name="1935 Jan NYT"/> in May she graduated from Westover, and in November she was honored as a débutante when a Bachrach portrait appeared in the society pages of ''The Philadelphia Inquirer''.<ref name="1935 Nov Philadelphia Inquirer"/><ref name="1935 Sep Philadelphia Inquirer"/> During the remaining years of the 1930s she was an active participant in Philadelphia society, participating in a charity ball,<ref name ="1935 Oct Philadelphia Inquirer"/> being a bridesmaid in wedding ceremonies,<ref name="1938 Jun NYT"/> joining the Junior League, and entertaining friends at her mother's summer place in Eagles Mere.<ref name="1939 Jul Philadelphia Inquirer"/>

Piper was twenty-six when she married a Navy aviation cadet, E. Digby Bartzell Jr., in the winter of 1943.<ref name="1943 Jan NYT" /> His family, like hers, was prominent in Philadelphia society and, like her, he had attended prestigious private boarding school. Subsequently, he had obtained Ivy League undergraduate and graduate degrees and, following service as a military intelligence officer in the South Pacific, had become a highly respected professor of sociology.<ref name="1983 Jan Philadelphia Inquirer" />{{refn|group=note|When he retired from the University of Pennsylvania, Baltzell received praise as "both inventor and exemplar" in his field. Called "a man of contradictions," he was called anti-egalitarian but also liberal in political affiliation, a member of the social elite but also a critic of the white Anglo-Saxon Protestant establishment which, he wrote, "has too often placed the desire for material comfort and security above the duties of political and intellectual leadership." He is remembered as the person who popularized the initialism "WASP."<ref name="1986 May Philadelphia Inquirer"/> }}

Piper kept her maiden name for professional uses and her married name for other uses. She and Baltzell had two daughters, Eve, born in 1944, and Jan, born in 1948.{{refn|group=note|Eve became an architect and Jan a professional artist, like her mother.<ref name="1986 May Philadelphia Inquirer"/> }} Following his discharge from the Navy in 1945, the young family moved from place to place as Baltzell's career evolved.{{refn|group=note|In 1945 the family moved from Philadelphia to New York where Baltzell studied for and achieved a Ph.D. in 1947. When he began teaching at the University of Pennsylvania, they returned to Philadelphia (1947) and then settled in Radnor, Pennsylvania (1948).<ref name="1986 May Philadelphia Inquirer"/> Their daughters having grown up and Piper being able to devote more time to painting, they moved back to Philadelphia in 1966 where they remained the rest of their lives.<ref name="Scott in Taggart Galleries 2005"/>{{rp|page=22 }} }} In 1963 Piper and Baltzell began spending summers in Wellfleet on Cape Cod and two years later, having bought a house there, Piper built a studio on the property.<ref name="Boyle in Taggart Galleries 2005"/>{{rp|pages=13–14 }}

Piper died on August 8, 1991, at age 74, and was buried in Philadelphia's Woodlands Cemetery.<ref name="Piper Woodlands"/><ref name="SSDI Piper"/> Baltzell died in Boston at age 80 on August 17, 1996.<ref name="1991 Aug Boston Globe"/><ref name="1996 Aug Boston Globe"/>

==Further reading==

Jane Piper, Richard J Boyle, Bill Scott, and Hollis Taggart Galleries, ''Jane Piper : poetic distillations [exhibition]'', 9 May to 15 July 2005 (New York, N.Y. : Hollis Taggart Galleries, 2005)<ref name="Boyle in Taggart Galleries 2005"/>

William P. Scott, "Continuity and Change: Conversations with Jane Piper," ''American Artist'' (v. 42, no. 436, November 1978, pp.&nbsp;76–80, 122–124)<ref name="American Artist Nov 1978"/>

==Notes== {{reflist|group=note}}

==References== {{Reflist |colwidth=30em |refs=

<ref name="Princeton Alumni Weekly 1906">{{cite journal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m2pIAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA398 |title=The Alumni |issue=21 |date=1906-03-06 |volume=6 |journal=Princeton Alumni Weekly |page=398 |access-date=2017-04-15}}</ref>

<ref name="American Artist Nov 1978">{{cite journal |title=Continuity and Change: Conversations with Jane Piper |issue=436 |date=November 1978 |volume=42 |author=William P. Scott |journal=American Artist |publisher=Billboard Publications, Inc. |pages=76–80, 122–124 }}</ref>

<ref name="Boyle Provincetown Arts 2005">{{cite journal |url=https://archive.org/details/provincetownarts2005unse |title=Jane Piper: Winter in Philadelphia, Summer in Wellfleet |volume=2005 |author=Richard J. Boyle |journal=Provincetown Arts |publisher=Provincetown Arts Press, Inc. |pages=66–67 |access-date=2017-03-17}}</ref>

<ref name="Lycoming History1892 Gibson">{{cite book |author=John Franklin Meginness |title=History of Lycoming County, Pennsylvania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O9AwAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA715 |year=1892 |publisher=Unigraphic |page=715 }}</ref>

<ref name="Boyle in Taggart Galleries 2005">{{cite book |author1=Richard J. Boyle |author2=Bill Scott |author3=Hollis Taggart Galleries |title=Jane Piper: Poetic Distillations |year=2005 |publisher=Hollis Taggart Galleries |place= New York |chapter=Jane Piper: Poetry and Place by Richard J. Boyle }}</ref>

<ref name="Scott in Taggart Galleries 2005">{{cite book |author1=Richard J. Boyle |author2=Bill Scott |author3=Hollis Taggart Galleries |title=Jane Piper: Poetic Distillations |year=2005 |publisher=Hollis Taggart Galleries |place= New York |chapter=Inspiration, Pleasure, Painting by Bill Scott }}</ref>

<ref name="Chronology in Taggart Galleries 2005">{{cite book |author1=Richard J. Boyle |author2=Bill Scott |author3=Hollis Taggart Galleries |title=Jane Piper: Poetic Distillations |year=2005 |publisher=Hollis Taggart Galleries |place= New York |chapter=Chronology |page=48 }}</ref>

<ref name="SSDI Piper">{{cite web |url=https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:VMRN-H68 |title=Jane Piper Baltzell, 08 Aug 1991 |work="United States Social Security Death Index," database, FamilySearch; citing U.S. Social Security Administration, Death Master File, database (Alexandria, Virginia: National Technical Information Service, ongoing) |access-date=2017-03-17}}</ref>

<ref name="1988 Jan Oral History">{{cite web |url=https://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/interviews/oral-history-interview-jane-piper-13201 |title=Oral history interview with Jane Piper, 1988 Jan. 16–17 |work=Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution |date=1988-01-16 |access-date=2017-03-18}}</ref>

<ref name="PAFA 2010">{{cite web |url=http://www.tfaoi.com/newsm1/n1m522.htm |title=Jane Piper: Paintings and Drawings from the Artist's Estate |work=Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts |date=2010-10-26 |access-date=2017-03-18}}</ref>

<ref name="2011 Gemberling catalog">{{cite web |url=http://www.hlchalfant.com/sites/default/files/articles/pdf/Gemberling_Catalog_low_res.pdf |title=www.hlchalfant.com |format= PDF |author=Scott Chalfant |date=2011 |access-date=2017-05-13}}</ref>

<ref name="Piper Woodlands">{{cite web |url=http://woodlandsphila.org/blog/2013/8/9/jane-piper-baltzell |title=Jane Piper Baltzell |work=The Woodlands |date=2013-08-09 |access-date=2017-03-18}}</ref>

<ref name="Edmund B. Piper papers">{{cite web |url=http://cpparchives.org/repositories/2/resources/181 |title=Manuscripts and Archives of the Historical Medical Library of The College of Physicians of Philadelphia &#124; CPP &#124; Edmund B. Piper papers |access-date=2017-05-14}}</ref>

<ref name="Hyperallergic Dec 2016">{{cite web |url=https://hyperallergic.com/346906/its-what-you-make-not-what-you-get/ |title=It's What You Make, Not What You Get; Color is the organizing principle of Jane Piper's work, which builds upon the tradition of early Modernist painting |author=Stan Mir |work= Hyperallergic |date=2016-12-24 |access-date=2017-04-18}}</ref>

<ref name="Earl Horter - Biography">{{cite web |url=http://rogallery.com/Horter_Earl/horter-biography.html |title=Earl Horter – Biography |work=Ro Gallery |access-date=2017-05-15}}</ref>

<ref name="Edmund B. Piper pbio">{{cite web |url=http://cpparchives.org/repositories/2/resources/181 |title=Manuscripts and Archives of the Historical Medical Library of The College of Physicians of Philadelphia &#124; CPP &#124; Edmund B. Piper papers |access-date=2017-05-27}}</ref>

<ref name="1894 Oct Williamsport Gazette">{{cite news|title=Mrs. Harriet Watson Piper [death notice] |newspaper=Gazette and Bulletin |location=Williamsport, Penn. |date=1894-10-19 }}</ref>

<ref name="1925 Oct Philadelphia Inquirer">{{cite news|title=Off to Europe |location=Philadelphia, Penn. |page=12 |date=1925-10-01 }}</ref>

<ref name="1926 Apr Philadelphia Inquirer">{{cite news|title=Society |location=Philadelphia, Penn. |page=SO28 |date=1926-04-04 |quote=Mrs. Edmund B. Piper, with her daughters, Miss Helen E. Piper, Miss Eleanore L. Piper and Miss Jane Piper, of 1936 Spruce street, who have been spending the winter in Europe, will return to the country in June. Miss Helen Piper will be a debutante of next winter.}}</ref>

<ref name="Jul 1928 Philadelphia Inquirer">{{cite news|title=Leaves $100,000 Estate |newspaper=The Philadelphia Inquirer |location=Philadelphia, Penn. |page=B8 |date=1928-07-05 |quote=Leaving an estate valued at $100,000 and upward, Elizabeth L. Piper, 1936 Spruce St, who died June 29 at Williamsport Pa named her great-nieces, Eleanore Lear Piper, Helen Elizabeth Piper, and Jane Gibson Piper, and a nephew, Edmund Brown Piper, and his descendants, beneficiaries.}}</ref>

<ref name="1929 Oct Philadelphia Inquirer">{{cite news|title=Social and Other Themes of Interest |newspaper=The Philadelphia Inquirer |location=Philadelphia, Penn. |page=12 |date=1929-10-29 }}</ref>

<ref name="1931 Oct Philadelphia Inquirer">{{cite news|title=In Gallery and Studio |author=C. H. Bonte |newspaper=The Philadelphia Inquirer |location=Philadelphia, Penn. |page=18 |date=1931-10-18 |quote=Some remarkable instances of children's work is now to be found at the Plastic Club in the output of Grace Gemberling's class ... Perhaps the most astounding manifestation of all among Miss Gemberling's pupils is the series of which "Jealousy" is the theme. Six of the students (all girls, need it be said), Jane Piper, Mary Maguire, Cecilia Drinker (a niece of Cecilia Beaux), Sally Fisher, Alida Loeb and Nancy Riddle have devoted themselves to the interpretation in paint of that emotion which has wrought such havoc in the world, and the results are in themselves emotionally overwhelming.}}</ref>

<ref name="1932 Feb Philadelphia Inquirer">{{cite news|title=People You Know |newspaper=The Philadelphia Inquirer |location=Philadelphia, Penn. |page=5 |date=1932-02-29 |quote=Miss Jane G. Piper, daughter of Dr. and Mrs. Edmund B. Piper, ... who is attending Westover School, will arrive home on March 5 to spend the spring vacation with her parents.}}</ref>

<ref name="1933 Feb Philadelphia Inquirer">{{cite news|title=Many Are Now Enjoying the Delights of Travel |newspaper=The Philadelphia Inquirer |location=Philadelphia, Penn. |page=2 |date=1933-02-05 }}</ref>

<ref name="1935 Jan NYT">{{cite news|title=Dr. E. B. Piper |newspaper=The New York Times |page=19 |date=1935-01-15 }}</ref>

<ref name="1935 Sep Philadelphia Inquirer">{{cite news|title=Some Gay Dinner Parties to Honor Debutantes |newspaper=The Philadelphia Inquirer |location=Philadelphia, Penn. |page=2 |date=1935-09-08 }}</ref>

<ref name ="1935 Oct Philadelphia Inquirer">{{cite news|title=Plans Formed for Charity Ball |newspaper=The Philadelphia Inquirer |location=Philadelphia, Penn. |page=10 |date=1935-10-22 }}</ref>

<ref name="1935 Nov Philadelphia Inquirer">{{cite news|title=Society: About Weddings and Various Fetes |newspaper=The Philadelphia Inquirer |location=Philadelphia, Penn. |page=2 |date=1935-11-17 |quote= Miss Jane G. Piper, photo by Bachrach. Miss Piper, a popular member of the younger set, is the daughter of Mrs. Edmund B. Piper of Spruce st.}}</ref>

<ref name="1937 Nov Philadelphia Inquirer">{{cite news|title=$128,192 Awarded to Son by Court |newspaper=The Philadelphia Inquirer |location=Philadelphia, Penn. |page=6 |date=1937-11-11 }}</ref>

<ref name="1938 Jun NYT">{{cite news|title=MISS MURTON DU PONT IS WED IN DELAWARE: Daughter of Eugene E. du Pont Bride of W. S. Carpenter 3d |newspaper=The New York Times |page=32 |date=1938-06-26 }}</ref>

<ref name="1939 Jul Philadelphia Inquirer">{{cite news|title=Jane Piper to Give July 4th House Party |newspaper=The Philadelphia Inquirer |location=Philadelphia, Penn. |page=6 |date=1939-07-02 }}</ref>

<ref name="1943 Jan Philadelphia Inquirer">{{cite news|title=Jane Piper Engaged to E. Digby Baltzell, Jr. |newspaper=The Philadelphia Inquirer |location=Philadelphia, Penn. |page=2 |date=1943-01-17 |quote=Her Pictures are without specific titles and are merely classified as Abstractions, with attendant numerals for convenience sake. In designing, patterning and color they are admirably adapted for the adornment of modern rooms, though the artist does not think of her work in terms of decoration. Appreciation of such work as this is largely a matter of individual feeling and preference. It is certain to give pleasure to many beholders; to others it may convey little in the way of an impression. The only needful warning in regard to most of these pictures is not to look for a definite depiction of any special object.}}</ref>

<ref name="1943 Mar Philadelphia Inquirer">{{cite news|title=Five Artists Hold Exhibit |newspaper=The Philadelphia Inquirer |location=Philadelphia, Penn. |page=SO 14 |date=1943-03-07 }}</ref>

<ref name="1943 Apr Philadelphia Inquirer">{{cite news|title=The Arts; Studios, Exhibits; Youthful Students Enjoy Work by Local Artists |newspaper=The Philadelphia Inquirer |location=Philadelphia, Penn. |page=SO 1 |date=1943-04-25 }}</ref>

<ref name="1943 Jan NYT">{{cite news|title=JANE G. PIPER AFFIANCED: Westover Graduate Will Be Wed to Air Cadet E. D. Baltzell Jr. |newspaper=The New York Times |page=20 |date=1943-01-18 }}</ref>

<ref name="1947 Mar NYT">{{cite news|title=ART GROUP TO SHOW WORK BY MEMBERS: National to Offer Second Half of Annual Display—Museum to Open Print Exhibition |newspaper=The New York Times |page=20 |date=1947-03-17 }}</ref>

<ref name="1954 Mar Philadelphia Inquirer">{{cite news|title=Art Calendar |newspaper=The Philadelphia Inquirer |location=Philadelphia, Penn. |page=SO 15 |date=1954-03-07 }}</ref>

<ref name="1955 Dec Philadelphia Inquirer">{{cite news|title=Alliance to Exhibit for Yule |newspaper=The Philadelphia Inquirer |location=Philadelphia, Penn. |page=Society Section 1 |date=1955-12-25 |quote=As we walked through the Art Alliance's galleries this week, moving from the bright world and the sculptured pigment of Howard Silverman to the planned harmonies and discords in Jane Piper's poetic inferences and controlled color movements, we wondered how the layman adjusted to these differences in spirit and approach. }}</ref>

<ref name="1956 Oct Philadelphia Inquirer">{{cite news|title=Academy Honors List |newspaper=The Philadelphia Inquirer |location=Philadelphia, Penn. |page=Society Section 1 |date=1956-10-21 |quote=Every school of artistic thought is represented, from the well-disciplined impressionism of Daniel Garber, to the poetic light-filled abstractions of Jane Piper ...}}</ref>

<ref name="1958 Oct NYT">{{cite news|title=Art: Paintings by Barnet |author=Dore Ashton |newspaper=The New York Times |page=20 |date=1958-10-02 }}</ref>

<ref name="1983 Jan Philadelphia Inquirer">{{cite news|title=Dinner to Honor Ormandys |author=Ruth Seltzer |newspaper=The Philadelphia Inquirer |location=Philadelphia, Penn. |page=21 |date=1983-01-21 }}</ref>

<ref name="1983 Sep Philadelphia Inquirer">{{cite news|title=ABSTRACTIONIST EDNA ANDRADE'S WORKS AT MARIAN LOCKS |author=Victoria Donohoe |newspaper=The Philadelphia Inquirer |location=Philadelphia, Penn. |page=E39 |date=1983-10-14 }}</ref>

<ref name="1983 Oct Philadelphia Inquirer">{{cite news|title=THE UNLOVED ART OF A REBEL GENIUS |author=Andrew Geller |newspaper=The Philadelphia Inquirer |location=Philadelphia, Penn. |page=27 |date=1983-09-25 }}</ref>

<ref name="1983 Dec Philadelphia Inquirer">{{cite news|title=A MOTHER-DAUGHTER EXHIBIT |author=Victoria Donohoe |newspaper=The Philadelphia Inquirer |location=Philadelphia, Penn. |page=D4 |date=1983-12-31 }}</ref>

<ref name="1984 Oct Philadelphia Inquirer">{{cite news|title=Museum Showing Its Collection From Cheltenham |author=Gerald B. Jordan |newspaper=The Philadelphia Inquirer |location=Philadelphia, Penn. |page=D4 |date=1986-03-08 }}</ref>

<ref name="1986 May Philadelphia Inquirer">{{cite news|title=A PENN INSTITUTION TO RETIRE WITH HONORS |author=Leonard W. Boasberg |newspaper=The Philadelphia Inquirer |location=Philadelphia, Penn. |page=C1 |date=1986-05-15 }}</ref>

<ref name="1986 Sep Philadelphia Inquirer">{{cite news|title=90 WOMEN'S ART BROUGHT TOGETHER IN WALLINGFORD |author=Edward J. Sozanski |newspaper=The Philadelphia Inquirer |location=Philadelphia, Penn. |page=E5 |date=1986-09-11 }}</ref>

<ref name="1986 Oct Philadelphia Inquirer">{{cite news|title=HARD DECISIONS THAT PAY OFF IN AN ARTIST'S CONSTRUCTIONS |author=Victoria Donohoe |newspaper=The Philadelphia Inquirer |location=Philadelphia, Penn. |page=36 |date=1986-10-17 }}</ref>

<ref name="1987 Jan Philadelphia Inquirer">{{cite news|title=N. C. WYETH MURALS OF PLYMOUTH COLONY GLOW IN RESTORATION |author=Victoria Donohoe |newspaper=The Philadelphia Inquirer |location=Philadelphia, Penn. |page=C3 |date=1987-01-24 }}</ref>

<ref name="1987 Oct Philadelphia Inquirer">{{cite news|title=WORK THAT REFLECTS THE ARTIST'S WORLD |author=Victoria Donohoe |newspaper=The Philadelphia Inquirer |location=Philadelphia, Penn. |page=38 |date=1987-10-16 }}</ref>

<ref name="1987 Jan Palladian Times">{{cite news|title=Jane Piper Uses Color for Impact |author=C. Brock |newspaper=Palladian Times |location=Oswego, N.Y. |page=5 |date=1987-01-15 }}</ref>

<ref name="1991 Aug Boston Globe">{{cite news|title=Jane Piper, 74 Still life artist, in Philadelphia |newspaper=The Boston Globe |location=Boston, Mass. |date=1991-08-10 }}</ref>

<ref name="1991 Aug Philadelphia Inquirer">{{cite news|title=JANE PIPER, 74; ART CAREER SPANNED 50 YEARS |author=Ralph Cipriano |newspaper=The Philadelphia Inquirer |location=Philadelphia, Penn. |page=38 |date=1991-08-10 }}</ref>

<ref name="1995 May Philadelphia Inquirer">{{cite news|title=BELATED RECOGNITION FOR A DISTINGUISHED ARTIST: THE WOODMERE MOUNTS A JANE PIPER RETROSPECTIVE |author=Edward Soanski |newspaper=The Philadelphia Inquirer |location=Philadelphia, Penn. |page=46 |date=1995-05-26 }}</ref>

<ref name="1996 Aug Boston Globe">{{cite news|title=E. Digby Baltzell, 80; sociologist known as 'upper-class populist' |author=Tom Long |newspaper=The Boston Globe |location=Boston, Mass. |page=B5 |date=1996-08-19 }}</ref>

<ref name="2016 Dec Philadelphia Inquirer">{{cite news|title=Art galleries: Jane Piper at Schmidt/Dean |author=Edith Newhall |newspaper=The Philadelphia Inquirer |location=Philadelphia, Penn. |url=http://www.philly.com/philly/entertainment/20161225_Art_galleries__Jane_Piper_at_Schmidt_Dean__Philly_artists_at_Fleisher_Ollman.html |date=2016-12-23 |access-date=2017-03-17 }}</ref> }}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Piper, Jane}} Category:1916 births Category:1991 deaths Category:20th-century American painters Category:20th-century American women painters Category:Painters from Philadelphia Category:20th-century American art educators Category:American women art educators Category:Burials at The Woodlands Cemetery