Jane Minor

{{Short description|African-American healer and slave emancipator}} thumb|Early poster of a cholera epidemic. Jane Minor was emancipated because of her healing work during an 1825 epidemic in Virginia

'''Jane Minor''' (c. 1792 – 1858), also known as '''Gensey''' (or '''Jensey'''<ref>Darlene Clark Hine, [https://books.google.com/books?id=-CZtAAAAMAAJ&q=black+women+in+white ''Black Women in White''], Indiana University Press 1989</ref>) '''Snow''', was an African-American healer and slave emancipator, one of the few documented enslaved healing practitioners in United States history.

==Early life==

Minor was born into slavery as Gensey Snow in Dinwiddie County, Virginia. She worked on the estate of Benjamin Harris May.<ref>Stacy Hawkins Adams. "[http://www.richmond.com/special-section/black-history/article_5328088c-6b14-11e2-811f-001a4bcf6878.html Jane Minor]", Richmond Times Dispatch, February 23, 1999, D-1</ref>

==Healer and emancipator==

Minor "was apparently skilled medically and a very gifted, nurturing healer, someone patients really responded to," according to historian Susan Lebsock.<ref>Adams, Richmond Times Dispatch</ref><ref>Suzanne Lebsock, "[http://books.wwnorton.com/books/detail-inside.aspx?ID=11135&CTYPE=G The Free Women of Petersburg: Status and Culture in a Southern Town], 1784-1860, W. W. Norton & Company, 1985</ref> In 1825, a fever epidemic struck Petersburg, Virginia, and many families, black and white, were affected. As a result of her healing work, Benjamin May gave Minor her freedom. In the manumission deed, he notes that he freed Minor "for several acts of extraordinary merit in nursing at the imminent risk of her own health and safety, exercising the most unexampled patience and attention in watching over the sick beds of several individuals of this town, as well as on account of my belief that she will in the future continue ... to perform similar acts ... "<ref>Adams, Richmond-Times Dispatch</ref>

In 1826, she met and married Lewis Minor, a free laborer. After her emancipation, she took the name Jane Minor. The money Jane Minor earned as a medical practitioner, usually from $2-$5 per visit, allowed her to purchase and free at least sixteen slaves, some of whom cost over $2,000. In one case, in July, 1840, she bought and freed a mulatto woman named Emily Smith and her five children. In another, the same month and year, she emancipated a fellow healing practitioner named Phoebe Jackson.<ref>Claude A. Green, [https://books.google.com/books?id=FK8YdrwXz6sC What We Dragged Out of Slavery with Us], Infinity Publishing, 2006, p. 111</ref><ref>Carter Godwin Woodson, Rayford Whittingham Logan, The Journal of Negro History, 1930 Volume 15</ref><ref>Luther Porter Jackson, Free Negro Labor and Property Holding in Virginia Appleton Century Company, New York 1942</ref> Lebsock says Minor was the most active free black emancipator in Petersburg, male or female.<ref>Lebsock, p. 96-111</ref>

More than 30 years after her manumission, Petersburg newspapers printed reports of operations performed by physicians in "the Hospital of the well-known nurse Jinsey Snow."<ref>Todd L. Savitt, [https://books.google.com/books?id=ru_tDLLB0wMC&q=%22jane+minor%22+%22nurse%22 Medicine and Slavery], University of Illinois Press, 2002</ref> Cupping and leeching were standard medical practices of that time.<ref>Rosalyn Fraad Baxandall, Linda Gordon, Susan Reverb, [https://www.amazon.com/Americas-Working-Women-Documentary-Publications/dp/0393312623 America's Working Women: A Documentary History, 1600 to the Present], W. W. Norton & Company, 1995, p. 50</ref> Researchers have observed that enslaved medical practitioners like Jane Minor often brought herbal and other medical knowledge from Africa that was at that time unknown in early colonial America.<ref>Mwalimu J. Shujaa, Kenya J. Shujaa, [https://books.google.com/books?id=ooVNCgAAQBAJ&dq=mwalimu+sage+encyclopedia+jane++minor&pg=PA578 The SAGE Encyclopedia of African Cultural Heritage in North America], p. 578, SAGE Publications, Feb 15, 2015</ref>

==See also==

*Onesimus (Bostonian) (the 1600s – 1700s), an enslaved African man in Boston who advocated smallpox inoculation

==References== {{reflist}}

==Further reading== *Veronica A.Davis, [https://books.google.com/books?id=lAFl3LL7XyUC&q=jane+minor Inspiring African-American Women of Virginia], IUniverse, 2015 *Darlene Clark Hine, Kathleen Thompson, [https://books.google.com/books?id=D514t4eNcssC&q=jane+minor+healer A Shining Thread of Hope], Crown/Archetype, 2009 *S Mitchell, [https://theses.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-65172149731401/unrestricted/CH1.PDF Bodies of Knowledge: The Influence of Slaves on the Antebellum Medical Community]',1997, Virginia Tech Digital Archives  * * * *

{{DEFAULTSORT:Minor, Jane}} Category:Folk healers Category:People from Petersburg, Virginia Category:19th-century African-American businesspeople Category:African-American businesswomen Category:19th-century American businesspeople Category:African-American nurses Category:People enslaved in Virginia Category:African-American history of Virginia Category:Year of birth uncertain Category:1858 deaths Category:American nurses Category:American women nurses Category:African-American people with free status before 1865 Category:19th-century American slaves Category:People from Dinwiddie County, Virginia Category: 19th-century African-American women Category: 19th-century American businesswomen Category:African-American slave owners Category:Slave owners from Virginia