James Rorty

{{short description|American journalist}} [[File:United States Trotskyism Slide 1.png|thumb|right|A poster advertising a mass meeting of the American Committee for the Defense of Leon Trotsky at the Old South Meeting House in Boston, Massachusetts, featuring Max Shachtman, James Rorty and Gus Tyler, {{circa}} 1937]] '''James Rorty''' (March 30, 1890{{spaced ndash}}February 26, 1973) was a 20th-century American radical writer and poet as well as political activist who addressed controversial topics that included McCarthyism, Jim Crow, American industries, advertising, and nutrition, and was perhaps best known as a founding editor of the ''New Masses'' magazine.<ref name=NYTobit> {{cite web | title = James Rorty Papers, 1915–1972 | publisher = Archives West = Orbis Cascade Alliance | url = https://www.nytimes.com/1973/02/26/archives/james-rorty-82-a-radigal-editor-new-masses-cofounderalso-published.html | date = 26 February 1973 | accessdate = 10 September 2017}}</ref><ref name=Wald> {{cite book | first = Alan M. | last = Wald | authorlink = Alan M. Wald | title = The New York Intellectuals: The Rise and Decline of the Anti-Stalinist Left from the 1930s to the 1980s | publisher = UNC Press | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=mzlsL5s0GXYC | pages = 11, 50, 54 (poems), 54–56 (bio), 58, 59, 61, 62, 102, 105, 271, 272–273 (McCarthy), 274, 357 | date = 1987 | isbn = 9780807841693 | accessdate = 10 September 2017}}</ref><ref name=Mass> {{cite book | editor-first1 = John Durham | editor-last1 = Peters | editor-first2 = Peter | editor-last2 = Simonson | title = Mass Communication and American Social Thought: Key Texts, 1919–1968 | publisher = rowman & Littlefield | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=34kSkJuYCIYC | pages = 16 | date = 2004 | isbn = 9780742528390 | accessdate = 10 September 2017}}</ref><ref name=ArchivesWest> {{cite web | title = James Rorty Papers, 1915–1972 | publisher = University of Oregon | url = https://scua.uoregon.edu/repositories/2/resources/1012 | date = | accessdate = 10 September 2017}}</ref><ref name=Yale> {{cite web | title = James Rorty Papers | publisher = Yale University Library - Beinecke Rare Books and Manuscripts | url = http://drs.library.yale.edu/HLTransformer/HLTransServlet?stylename=yul.ead2002.xhtml.xsl&pid=beinecke:rorty&clear-stylesheet-cache=yes | date = | accessdate = 10 September 2017}}</ref><ref name=UChicago> {{cite book | title = Richard Rorty: The Making of an American Philopsher – James Rorty | publisher = Archives West = Orbis Cascade Alliance | url = http://chicago.universitypressscholarship.com/view/10.7208/chicago/9780226309910.001.0001/upso-9780226309903-chapter-2 | date = 2008 | doi=10.7208/chicago/9780226309910.001.0001 | accessdate = 10 September 2017| last1=Gross | first1=Neil | isbn=9780226309903 }}</ref>

==Background==

James Hancock Rorty was born March 30, 1890, in Middletown, New York. His parents were Irish immigrants Octavia Churchill and Richard McKay Rorty. His father was a political refugee with Fenian and anarchist affiliations from County Donegal, Ireland. In 1913, he earned a BA from Tufts College. He pursued graduate studies at New York University and The New School for Social Research.<ref name=NYTobit /><ref name=Wald /><ref name=ArchivesWest /><ref name=UChicago />

==Career==

In 1913, he began his career with work in the advertising industry. He also worked in settlement houses.<ref name=Wald /><ref name=Mass />

During World War I, Rorty served as a stretcher bearer on the Argonne front, an experience that led him to become a "militant pacifist."<ref name=NYTobit /><ref name=Wald /><ref name=Mass /><ref name=ArchivesWest /><ref name=UChicago />

Rorty worked as a journalist and poet for more than sixty years. He considered himself "the last of the muckrakers," as a combatant against social injustice in America.<ref name=NYTobit /><ref name=ArchivesWest /><ref name=UChicago />

During World War I, Rorty moved to San Francisco to continue his career in advertising and to write experimental poetry.<ref name=Wald />

In 1925, Rorty moved to New York City, where he was a founding editor (with Michael Gold, Joseph Freeman, Hugo Gellert, John Sloan, and others) of the ''New Masses'', a Communist literary magazine, which launched the following year. However, Rorty left that next year when fellow editors rejected his publication of Robinson Jeffers's poem "Apology for Bad Dreams."<ref name=NYTobit /><ref name=Wald /><ref name=Mass />

In 1927, Rorty was one of many arrested during protests against the execution of Sacco and Vanzetti.<ref name=Wald />

To earn money, he also worked as an editor, journalist, advertising copy writer, and consultant for the Tennessee Valley Authority.<ref name=ArchivesWest />

In 1932, he supported and then quit the campaign to support William Z. Foster (CPUSA) for U.S. president.<ref name=NYTobit />

==Personal life and death== Around 1919, Rorty married Maria Ward Lambin; they were divorced in 1928. The same year, he married writer Winifred Rauschenbush (daughter of Christian socialist Walter Rauschenbusch); they had one son, philosopher Richard Rorty.<ref name=NYTobit /><ref name=Wald /><ref name=Mass /><ref name=ArchivesWest />

He suffered from depression.<ref name=UChicago />

Rorty died at age 82 on February 26, 1973, in Sarasota, Florida.<ref name=NYTobit /><ref name=ArchivesWest />

==Works==

In the mid-1950s, Rorty co-authored with Moshe Decter a book attacking McCarthyism called ''McCarthy and the Communists'', supported by the American Committee for Cultural Freedom.<ref name=NYTobit />

Books include:

* ''What Michael said to the census-taker'' (1922) * ''The Intruders'' (1923) * ''Where Life is Better: An Unsentimental American Journey'' (1923/1936/2014/2015) * ''Children of the sun, and other poems'' (New York: Macmillan, 1926) * ''End of Farce'' (1933) * ''Order on the air!'' (New York: John Day Company, ca. 1934) * ''Our Master's Voice: Advertising'' (New York: John Day Company, ca. 1934/1976) * ''Where life is better : an unsentimental American journey'' (New York: Reynal & Hitchcock, c1936) * ''American medicine mobilizes'' (New York, W.W. Norton, ca. 1939) * ''Brother Jim Crow'' (New York: Post War World Council, 1943) * ''Tomorrow's food; the coming revolution in nutrition'' N. Philip Norman MD (New York, Prentice Hall, 1947/1956) * ''Tennessee Valley Authority: Soil ... people and fertilizer technology'' (Washington: US GPO, 1949) * ''Engineers of world plenty'' (Washington, Public Affairs Institute, 1950) * ''McCarthy and the Communists'' with Moshe Decter (Boston : Beacon Press, 1954/1972) * ''We Open the Gates: Labor's Fight for Equality'' with Harry Fleischman (1958)

Poems in ''Harper's'' include: * "Bread, and the stuff we eat" (March 1950) * "Memorandum to a tired bureaucrat" (December 1950) * "Starting from Manhattan" (October 1951) * "Return of the native (Donegal, April 1957)"

Articles in ''Harper's'' include: * "Tortillas, beans, and bananas" (September 1951) * "Go slow on fluoridation!" (February 1953)

==Awards==

* {{circa}}1918: Distinguished Service Cross<ref name=NYTobit /> * 1923: ''The Nation'' prize for poetry ("When We Dead Awaken")<ref name=NYTobit /><ref name=Wald />

==References== {{reflist}}

==External sources==

* [https://harpers.org/author/jamesrorty/ Harper's] * [https://www.thenation.com/authors/james-rorty/ The Nation] * {{cite web | title = James Rorty Papers, 1915–1972 | publisher = University of Oregon | url = https://scua.uoregon.edu/repositories/2/resources/1012 | date = | accessdate = 8 June 2023}} * {{cite web | title = James Rorty Papers | publisher = Yale University Library - Beinecke Rare Books and Manuscripts | url = http://drs.library.yale.edu/HLTransformer/HLTransServlet?stylename=yul.ead2002.xhtml.xsl&pid=beinecke:rorty&clear-stylesheet-cache=yes | date = | accessdate = 10 September 2017}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rorty, James}} Category:1890 births Category:1973 deaths Category:Writers from New York (state) Category:American people of Irish descent Category:Tufts University alumni Category:American military personnel of World War I Category:20th-century American writers Category:20th-century American journalists Category:American pacifists Category:20th-century American male journalists