{{Short description|American computer scientist (1934–2023)}} {{Multiple issues| {{Sources|date=January 2024}} {{Cleanup rewrite|date=December 2023}} }}

'''James Robert Slagle''' (March 1, 1934 – December 3, 2023) was an American computer scientist notable for his many achievements in Artificial Intelligence. Since 1984 he has been the Distinguished Professor of Computer Science at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, with former appointments at Johns Hopkins University, the National Institutes of Health (Bethesda, Maryland), the Naval Research Laboratory, Lawrence Livermore Radiation Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

In 1961 in his dissertation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology with Marvin Minsky, Slagle developed the first expert system, SAINT (Symbolic Automatic INTegrator), which is a heuristic program that solves symbolic integration problems in freshman calculus.<ref name="PhDthesis">{{Cite web |url= https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/11997/31225400-MIT.pdf?sequence=2 |title= A heuristic program that solves symbolic integration problems in freshman calculus: symbolic automatic integrator (SAINT) |last= Slagle |first= James Robert |publisher= Massachusetts Institute of Technology |date= June 1961 |access-date= 2016-03-08 |archive-date= 2015-09-05 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150905231901/http://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/11997/31225400-MIT.pdf?sequence=2 |url-status= live }}</ref> Remarkably, among other recognitions, President Dwight D. Eisenhower awarded him $500 for his outstanding work as a blind student.<ref name="PhDthesis"/>

Slagle died in Bethesda, Maryland on December 3, 2023, at the age of 89.<ref>{{cite web |title=Dr. James "Jim" Robert Slagle |url=https://everloved.com/life-of/james-slagle/obituary/ |website=Ever Loved |access-date=4 February 2024}}</ref>

==Selected publications== <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://projects.csail.mit.edu/jacm/Authors/slaglejamesr.html |title=JACM Authors - James Robert Slagle |access-date=2023-12-09 |archive-date=2023-12-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231209205909/http://projects.csail.mit.edu/jacm/Authors/slaglejamesr.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>ICGA Reference Database</ref><ref>{{DBLP}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~russell/aima1e/aima-bib.html |title=Bibliography for Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach |access-date=2023-12-09 |archive-date=2015-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150218012752/http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~russell/aima1e/aima-bib.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

==1959== * James Robert Slagle ('''1959'''). ''[http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=612201.612245&coll=DL&dl=GUIDE&CFID=27386242&CFTOKEN=68454346 Formal integration on a digital computer]''. 14th national meeting of the Association for Computing Machinery

==1960s== * James Robert Slagle ('''1961'''). ''A Heuristic Program that Solves Symbolic Integration Problems in Freshman Calculus, Symbolic Automatic Integrator (Saint)''. [http://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/11997/31225400.pdf pdf] * James Robert Slagle ('''1963'''). ''A Heuristic Program that Solves Symbolic Integration Problems in Freshman Calculus''. Journal of the ACM, Vol. 10, No. 4 * James Robert Slagle ('''1963'''). ''Game Trees, M & N Minimaxing, and the M & N alpha-beta procedure.'' Artificial Intelligence Group Report 3, UCRL-4671, University of California * James Robert Slagle ('''1964'''). ''An Efficient Algorithm for Finding Certain Minimum-Cost Procedures for Making Binary Decisions''. Journal of the ACM, Vol. 11, No. 3 * James Robert Slagle ('''1964'''). ''On an algorithm for minimum-cost procedures''. Communications of the ACM, Vol. 7, No. 11 * James Robert Slagle ('''1965'''). ''A multipurpose Theorem Proving Heuristic Program that learns''. [http://www.bibliopolis.com/main/books/caliban_0032271.html IFIP Congress 65, Vol. 2] * James Robert Slagle ('''1965'''). ''Experiments with a deductive question-answering program''. Communications of the ACM, Vol. 8, No. 12 * James Robert Slagle ('''1967'''). ''Automatic Theorem Proving With Renamable and Semantic Resolution''. Journal of the ACM, Vol. 14, No. 4 * James Robert Slagle, Philip Bursky ('''1968'''). ''[https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=321444 Experiments With a Multipurpose, Theorem-Proving Heuristic Program]''. Journal of the ACM, Vol. 15, No. 1:<ref>[https://www.projecteuclid.org/euclid.jsl/1183735759 David C. Cooper] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627085031/https://projecteuclid.org/euclid.jsl/1183735759 |date=2020-06-27 }} ('''1970'''). ''[https://projecteuclid.org/DPubS?service=UI&version=1.0&verb=Display&handle=euclid.jsl/1183737432 Review: James Robert Slagle, Philip Bursky, Experiments with a Multipurpose, Theorem-Proving Heuristic Program] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109220004/https://projecteuclid.org/DPubS?service=UI&version=1.0&verb=Display&handle=euclid.jsl/1183737432 |date=2020-11-09 }}''. Journal of Symbolic Logic, Vol. 35, No. 4</ref> * James Robert Slagle, John K. Dixon ('''1969'''). ''[http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=321510.321511 Experiments With Some Programs That Search Game Trees]''. Journal of the ACM, Vol. 16, No. 2, [http://wiki.cs.pdx.edu/cs542-spring2011/nfp/abmin.pdf pdf], [http://wiki.cs.pdx.edu/wurzburg2009/nfp/abmin.pdf pdf] * James Robert Slagle, Chin-Liang Chang, Richard C. T. Lee ('''1969'''). ''Completeness Theorems for Semantic Resolution In Consequence-Finding''. IJCAI-69, [http://ijcai.org/Past%20Proceedings/IJCAI-69/PDF/028.pdf pdf]

==1970s== * James Robert Slagle, Chin-Liang Chang, Richard C. T. Lee ('''1970'''). ''[http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1310139.1310332&coll=DL&dl=GUIDE&CFID=27479742&CFTOKEN=16394760 A New Algorithm for Generating Prime Implicants]''. IEEE Transactions on Computers, Vol. 19, No. 4 * James Robert Slagle, John K. Dixon ('''1970'''). ''[http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=362052.362054 Experiments with the M & N Tree-Searching Program]''. Communications of the ACM, Vol. 13, No. 3 * James Robert Slagle ('''1971''').'' Artificial Intelligence: The Heuristic Programming Approach''. McGraw-Hill, New York. [http://www.amazon.com/gp/customer-media/product-gallery/0070580057/ref=cm_ciu_pdp_images_all amazon] * James Robert Slagle, [http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/~ley/db/indices/a-tree/f/Farrell:Carl_D=.html Carl D. Farell] ('''1971'''). ''[http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=362515.362560 Experiments in automatic learning for a multipurpose hueristic program]''. Communications of the ACM, Vol. 14, No. 2 * James Robert Slagle, Richard C. T. Lee ('''1971'''). ''[http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=362515.362562 Application of game tree searching techniques to sequential pattern recognition]''. Communications of the ACM, Vol. 14, No. 2 * Chin-Liang Chang, James Robert Slagle ('''1979'''). ''[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0004370279900158 Using Rewriting Rules for Connection Graphs to Prove Theorems]''. Artificial Intelligence

==1980s== * James Robert Slagle, John K. Dixon ('''1980'''). ''[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0031320380900308 Finding a good figure that approximately passes through given points]''. Pattern Recognition, 1980 * John K. Dixon, [http://www.law.sc.edu/faculty/johnson/ Herbert A. Johnson], James Robert Slagle ('''1980'''). ''[http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1559-3584.1980.tb03926.x/abstract The Prospect of an Under Water Naval Robot]''. [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/nej.1980.92.issue-1/issuetoc Naval Engineers Journal, Vol. 92, No. 1] * John K. Dixon, [http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/~ley/db/indices/a-tree/b/Bouchard:Susan_A=.html Susan A. Bouchard], [http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/~ley/db/indices/a-tree/k/Kennedy:William_G=.html William G. Kennedy], James Robert Slagle ('''1981'''). ''[http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1623264.1623365 MARK I Robot]''. IJCAI'1981, [http://ijcai.org/Past%20Proceedings/IJCAI-81-VOL-2/PDF/101.pdf pdf] * James Robert Slagle, John K. Dixon ('''1984'''). ''[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0031320384900165 Freedom descriptions: A way to find figures that approximate given points]''. Pattern Recognition, 1984 * [http://cs.gmu.edu/~henryh/ Henry Hamburger], James Robert Slagle ('''1986'''). ''[http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/nav.3800330204/abstract Heterogeneous discrete expenditure for diminishing returns]''. [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/nav.v33:2/issuetoc Naval Research Logistics Quarterly, Vol. 33, No. 2] * [http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/~ley/db/indices/a-tree/i/Irani:E=_A=.html Erach A. Irani], [http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/~ley/db/indices/a-tree/m/Matts:John_P=.html John P. Matts], [http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/~ley/db/indices/a-tree/l/Long:John_M=.html John M. Long], James Robert Slagle, POSCH group ('''1989'''). ''Using Artificial Neural Nets for Statistical Discovery: Observations after Using Backpropogation, Expert Systems, and Multiple-Linear Regression on Clinical Trial Data''. University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA, Complex Systems 3, [http://www.complex-systems.com/pdf/03-3-5.pdf pdf]

==1990s== * [http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/~ley/db/indices/a-tree/i/Irani:E=_A=.html Erach A. Irani], James Robert Slagle, [http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/~ley/db/indices/a-tree/l/Long:John_M=.html John M. Long], [http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/~ley/db/indices/a-tree/m/Matts:John_P=.html John P. Matts] ('''1990'''). ''[http://www.springerlink.com/content/tj1054x2t33r41u5/ Formulating an approach to develop a system for the temporal analysis of clinical trial data: The POSCH AI project]{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}''. [http://www.springerlink.com/content/1012-2443/ Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence, Volume 2, Numbers 1-4] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121005032720/http://www.springerlink.com/content/1012-2443/ |date=2012-10-05 }} * James Robert Slagle, [http://wiki.tcl.tk/13 Zbigniew Wieckowski] a.k.a. Bishak ('''1994'''). ''[http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.48.2996 Ideas for Intelligent User Interface Design]''.

==2000s== * [http://www.cs.ou.edu/~hougen/ Dean F. Hougen], [http://www-users.cs.umn.edu/~gini/ Maria Gini], James Robert Slagle ('''2000'''). ''[http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.23.2633 An Integrated Connectionist Approach to Reinforcement Learning for Robotic Control]''. ICML '00 Proceedings of the Seventeenth International Conference on Machine Learning * Pamela McCorduck ('''2004'''). ''Machines Who Think: A Personal Inquiry into the History and Prospects of Artificial Intelligence''. A. K. Peters (25th anniversary edition)

==References== {{reflist}}

==External links== * {{MathGenealogy}} * {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20160502160843/http://www.americanblindchess.org/potb.htm Winners of Past Over-The-Board Tournaments]}}, {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20100713082833/http://www.americanblindchess.org/ United States Braille Chess Association]}} * [http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1298&dat=19710201&id=2QsUAAAAIBAJ&sjid=W4oDAAAAIBAJ&pg=5449,3121890 Slagle, who is blind, received the Class A trophy], The Free Lance-Star February 1, 1971, from [http://news.google.com/nwshp Google news] * [http://www.aaai.org/Awards/fellows-list.php Elected AAAI Fellows] * [http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaleditorialboard.cws_home/939/editorialboard Expert Systems with Applications - Editorial Board], [http://www.elsevierscitech.com/cfp/cfp_eswa0411.pdf pdf] * [http://myaccount.umn.edu/lookup?SET_INSTITUTION=UMNTC&UID=slagle James R Slagle] University of Minnesota

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Slagle, James R}} Category:1934 births Category:2023 deaths Category:Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni Category:American computer scientists Category:University of Minnesota faculty Category:Fellows of the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence Category:Blind scholars and academics