{{Short description|English Artist}} {{About|the landscape painter|the organist and composer|James Kendrick Pyne}} {{EngvarB|date=September 2013}} {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}} {{Infobox artist | name = James Baker Pyne | image = James Baker Pyne - Shipping in a Calm.jpg | image_size = | alt = A group of small boats with drooping sails float on a smooth sea, just out from the shore. The glare of the sun turns the sky pink. | caption = ''Shipping in a Calm'', watercolour | birth_name = | birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1800|12|5}} | birth_place = Bristol | death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1870|7|29|1800|12|5}} | death_place = London | known_for = Landscape painting | training = | movement = | notable_works = | patrons = | awards = | elected = | website = }}
'''James Baker Pyne''' (5 December 1800 – 29 July 1870) was an English landscape painter who became a successful follower of Turner,<ref name="GreenacreSea108_111"/> after having been in his earlier years a member of the Bristol School of artists and a follower of Francis Danby.<ref name="Greenacre219_220"/>
==Early life== Pyne was born in Bristol, England and taught himself to paint.<ref name="DNB"/> He took part in the sketching activities of the Bristol School in the 1820s,<ref name="Greenacre9_14"/> and exhibited for the first time in Bristol in 1824.<ref name="DNB"/> His style and subject matter, namely the atmospheric depiction of local landscapes and imaginary scenes, were those of Danby and the Bristol School, among whom he was one of the most able oil painters.<ref name="GS50_55"/> Examples were ''Imaginary Scene'' (1828) and ''View of the Avon from Durdham Down'' (1829).<ref name="DNB"/>
In 1832, after producing some oil paintings of the Bristol Riots, he spent 6 weeks in France with his fellow Bristol School artist Edward Villiers Rippingille.<ref name="Greenacre219_220"/> Pyne also seems to have participated from 1832 to 1833 in the revival of the Bristol School's sketching meetings.<ref name="GS50_55"/>
==Later years== thumb|{{center|''The Entrance to the Menai Straits''}}|alt=A few small figures are scattered along a track lined with tumbled masonry and trees, which leads steeply downwards towards a distant shore. A boat in the surf is making white smoke, while a larger cloud of black smoke issues from another boat further out. Across the water are high pink cliffs. William James Müller had been apprenticed to Pyne during 1827–29/30. However Müller did not remain much influenced by Pyne and the other Bristol School artists.<ref name="GS50_55"/> Pyne himself did not long continue in the style of Danby's "poetical" landscapes. In the mid 1830s, probably in 1835, he moved to London where he developed his mature style.<ref name="Greenacre219_220"/> His landscapes now followed Turner in their colours and style of composition.<ref name="Treuherz58"/> Turner's influence can be seen for example in ''Clifton, Near Bristol, from the Avon'' (1837), which was exhibited at the Royal Academy. Pyne exhibited at the British Institution during 1833–1844 at the Royal West of England Academy in Bristol, and at the Royal Academy during 1836–1841. He became Vice-President of the Society of British Artists.<ref name="DNB"/>
thumb|{{center|''View in Italy''}}|alt=A group of small figures in front of a tall tree which is silhouetted against the yellow glare of the sun, with a conical mountain in the distance. In 1846 he travelled to Germany, Switzerland and Italy.<ref name="DNB"/> He often painted in the Lake District.<ref name="Treuherz65"/> The art dealership Thomas Agnew and Sons commissioned him to paint in the Lake District in 1848, and then in 1851 to make a three year tour of Italy,<ref name="Treuherz129"/> in which he was accompanied by the Bristol watercolourist William Evans.<ref name="DNB"/>
Pyne died on 29 July 1870 at his home, 203 Camden Road, London, leaving sons James Baker Pyne, a photographer, and Charles Pyne, an artist.<ref name="DNB"/> Besides Müller, his pupils included George Arthur Fripp and James Astbury Hammersley.<ref>{{cite ODNB|id=10185|title=Fripp, George Arthur|first=Francis|last=Greenacre}}</ref><ref>{{cite ODNB|id=12151|title=Hammersley, James Astbury|first=Jason|last=Rosenfeld}}</ref> He is buried with his wife Anne (1805–1865) on the western side of Highgate Cemetery. The grave (no.13995) no longer has a headstone.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Cansick |first1=Frederick Teague |title=The Monumental Inscriptions of Middlesex Vol 2 |date=1872 |publisher=J Russell Smith |page=182 |url=https://archive.org/details/acollectioncuri03cansgoog/page/n38/mode/2up |access-date=9 April 2021}}</ref>
==References== <references>
<ref name="GreenacreSea108_111">{{Cite book | last=Greenacre | first=Francis | title=From Bristol to the Sea: Artists, the Avon Gorge and Bristol Harbour | publisher=Redcliffe | location=Bristol | year=2005 | pages=108–111 | isbn=1-904537-39-1}}</ref> <ref name="DNB">{{cite encyclopedia | last=Greenacre | first=Francis |editor1-last= Matthew |editor1-first=H.C.G. |editor2-last= Harrison | editor2-first=Brian | encyclopedia=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography |title=Pyne, James Baker |year=2004 |publisher=Oxford University Press |volume=45 |isbn=0-19-861395-4 |page=643 }}</ref> <ref name="Greenacre9_14">{{Cite book | last=Greenacre | first=Francis | title=The Bristol School of Artists: Francis Danby and Painting in Bristol 1810–1840 (exhibition catalogue) | publisher=City Art Gallery, Bristol | location=Bristol | year=1973 | pages=9–14 }}</ref> <ref name="Greenacre219_220">{{Cite book | last=Greenacre | first=Francis | title=The Bristol School of Artists: Francis Danby and Painting in Bristol 1810–1840 (exhibition catalogue) | publisher=City Art Gallery, Bristol | location=Bristol | year=1973 | pages=219–220 }}</ref> <ref name="GS50_55">{{Cite book | last=Greenacre | first=Francis |author2=Stoddard, Sheena | title=W.J. Müller | publisher=The Friends of Bristol Art Gallery | location=Bristol | year=1991 | pages=50–55 | isbn=0-9507242-1-1 }}</ref> <ref name="Treuherz58">{{Cite book | last=Treuherz | first=Julian | title=Victorian Painting | publisher=Thames and Hudson | location=London | year=2001 | page=[https://archive.org/details/victorianpaintin00treu/page/58 58] | isbn=0-500-20263-X | url=https://archive.org/details/victorianpaintin00treu/page/58 }}</ref> <ref name="Treuherz65">{{Cite book | last=Treuherz | first=Julian | title=Victorian Painting | publisher=Thames and Hudson | location=London | year=2001 | page=[https://archive.org/details/victorianpaintin00treu/page/65 65] | isbn=0-500-20263-X | url=https://archive.org/details/victorianpaintin00treu/page/65 }}</ref> <ref name="Treuherz129">{{Cite book | last=Treuherz | first=Julian | title=Victorian Painting | publisher=Thames and Hudson | location=London | year=2001 | page=[https://archive.org/details/victorianpaintin00treu/page/129 129] | isbn=0-500-20263-X | url=https://archive.org/details/victorianpaintin00treu/page/129 }}</ref>
</references>
==External links== {{Commons category}} *{{Art UK bio}} * {{Internet Archive author |sname=James Baker Pyne |sopt=t}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20101006051814/http://www.bristol.gov.uk/ccm/content/Leisure-Culture/Museums-Galleries/bristols-city-museum---art-gallery.en Bristol City Museum and Art Gallery]
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Pyne, James Baker}} Category:1800 births Category:1870 deaths Category:19th-century English painters Category:English male painters Category:Artists from Bristol Category:History of Bristol Category:English romantic painters Category:English landscape artists Category:English watercolourists Category:Burials at Highgate Cemetery Category:19th-century English male artists Category:Artists' Rifles soldiers