{{Short description|Catholic Archbishop of Melbourne, Australia (died 1886)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}} {{Use Australian English|date=May 2011}} {{Infobox Christian leader | type = Archbishop | honorific-prefix =The Most Reverend | name = James Goold | honorific-suffix = OSA | title = 1st Archbishop of Melbourne | image = James Gooldsmall.jpg | alt = | caption = James Goold as Archbishop of Melbourne | church = Roman Catholic Church | archdiocese = Melbourne | diocese = | see = | term = 1874–1887 | predecessor = new title | successor = Thomas Carr <!-- Orders --> | ordination = 19 July 1835 (Priest) | ordinated_by = | consecration = 6 August 1848 (Bishop) in <br>St Mary's Cathedral, Sydney | consecrated_by = John Bede Polding | rank = <!-- Personal details --> | birth_name = James Alypius Goold | birth_date = 4 November 1812 | birth_place = County Cork, Ireland | death_date = {{death date and age|1886|06|11|1812|11|04|df=yes}} | death_place = Brighton, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia | buried = St Patrick's Cathedral, Melbourne | nationality = Irish | religion = Roman Catholic Church | previous_post = Bishop of Melbourne<br>(1848–1874) }} {{Infobox bishop styles | name=James Alypius Goold | dipstyle=The Most Reverend | offstyle=Your Grace | relstyle=Archbishop | deathstyle= }} '''James Alipius Goold''' (4 November 1812 – 11 June 1886) was an Australian Augustinian friar and the founding Catholic Archbishop of Melbourne in Australia.
==Life==
===Early years=== Goold was born in Cork, Ireland. He attended a school established by the Augustinian order and then in 1830 at eighteen years old "entered the Augustinian novitiate in Granstown, County Wexford and was professed on 30 March 1832".<ref name="Vodola17">{{cite book |author=Vodola |page=17 |title=The Invention of Melbourne |chapter = Situating Goold Pastor and Cultural Patron}}</ref> Goold then continued his training in Perugia, Italy and was ordained on 19 July 1835.<ref name="Vodola17"/> (From 1695 until the 19th century, Irish students for the Catholic priesthood were often sent to the Continent to study due to the then existing penal laws in Britain and Ireland.)<ref name=adb/>
===Missioner=== After being ordained Goold lived in the Augustinian House of Santa Maria in Rome.<ref name="Vodola17"/> In Easter 1837 he had a chance meeting on the steps of the Augustinian church of Santa Maria del Popolo with Benedictine William Bernard Ullathorne, Vicar General of New Holland (Australia).<ref name="Arneilp34">{{cite book |author=Arneil |page=34 |title = Out Where the Dead Men Lie }}</ref> Ullathorne was in Rome recruiting priests for Australia, and Goold was convinced by Ullathorne to commit himself to seven years of missionary work in Australia, subject to his order's approval.<ref name=adb>{{cite book |author=Grigsby, J. R. J. |chapter=Goold, James Alipius (1812–1886) |title=Australian Dictionary of Biography |publisher=National Centre of Biography, Australian National University |url=https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/goold-james-alipius-3633/text5649 |access-date=2 October 2011 |volume=4 |year=1972 }}</ref>
In 1838, Father Goold arrived in Australia aboard the ''Upton Castle''. Also on board were Governor and Lady Gipps. Goold worked initially with Archbishop John Bede Polding in Sydney, becoming parish priest at Campbelltown, New South Wales, where in 1841, he built, St John's Church in 1841. He spent a considerable amount of his time traveling through the country on horseback.<ref name=adb/>
===Bishop and Archbishop=== Pope Pius IX appointed him Bishop of Melbourne, and he was consecrated bishop by John Bede Polding on 6 August 1848,<ref name=Phelan>[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/10155a.htm Phelan, Patrick. "Melbourne." The Catholic Encyclopedia] Vol. 10. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1911. 29 May 2021 {{PD-notice}}</ref> (the feast of the Transfiguration) in old St Mary's Cathedral in Sydney. He transferred to Melbourne, traveling overland in 19 days, being installed on 8 October 1848 in his first Cathedral, St Francis Church<ref name=sfcm>[http://www.stfrancismelbourne.com/early-history/ "Early history", St Francis’ Church, Melbourne]</ref> in Lonsdale Street. Goold was only the second Roman Catholic bishop in Australia. He arrived in his new town to find only two Catholic church buildings, four priests in the diocese, no religious sisters or brothers, and a population around 11,000.<ref name="Arneilp37">{{cite book |author=Arneil |page=37 |title = Out Where the Dead Men Lie }}</ref> Within thirteen years of arriving in Melbourne, the capable and determined Goold had increased the number of church buildings in Melbourne to 64.
As an Irishman of his times and immediate history, Goold had experienced the consequences of sectarianism, and in Australia disputed the title of "Bishop of Melbourne" with the then Anglican bishop of Melbourne, Dr Charles Perry. Under Australian law (unlike British law at the time) Goold was found to have equal right to the title.<ref name=adb/><ref>Under British law at the time, no Roman Catholic Bishop was permitted to be named bishop of a diocese with the same name as an Anglican diocese (e.g. the Catholic bishop of Westminster was effectively the Catholic Bishop of London, but not permitted to be called so).</ref>
Goold was an expansionist. He attempted to persuade his home Irish province of the Augustinians to establish a seminary and novitiate in Melbourne. Though the Irish province agreed to Goold's requests in principle, the plan did not come to fruition in his lifetime. The first Australian Augustinian was not ordained until 1940, and the Australian Province was not formally established as separate from its Irish founding province until 1952.
The Irish province was already sending missionaries to the US, India and England, and did not then consider an Australian foundation viable. Nevertheless, Goold commenced the building of Melbourne's St Patrick's Cathedral on 8 December 1858. In order to expand Catholic education, in 1857 Bishop Goold succeeded in bringing the Mercy Sisters from Perth into the diocese. He also introduced the Irish Christian Brothers to Melbourne in 1867. Other congregations he brought to the diocese include the Jesuits, and the Faithful Companions of Jesus.<ref name=Phelan/> Goold engaged enthusiastically in Australian public debate over the issue of State Aid for Catholic education, and was politically pro-active in opposing what he referred to as the 'godless compulsory education' of state schools.<ref name=adb/>
From late 1869 to 1870 Goold attended the First Vatican Council in Rome, where he also met with three other Augustinian and Irish bishops. On 10 May 1874, while still in Rome, Goold was made Archbishop of Melbourne.
Archbishop Goold died at Melbourne on 11 June 1886 and was buried in St Patrick's Cathedral, Melbourne.<ref name=adb/>
==References== {{reflist}}
==Bibliography== *{{cite book |editor-last1=Anderson |editor-first1=Jaynie |editor-last2= Vodola |editor-first2=Max|editor-last3=Carmody |editor-first3=Shane |title=The Invention of Melbourne: A Baroque Archbishop and a Gothic Architect |publisher=The Miegunyah Press |location=Carlton, Victoria |year=2019 |isbn=978-0-522-87563-8 |pages=319 }} *{{cite book |author=Arneil, Stan |chapter=Out Where the Dead Men Lie |title=The Augustinians in Australia 1838–1992 |publisher=Augustinian Press |location=Brookvale |year=1992 |isbn=0-949826-03-0 }} *{{cite book |author=Hogan, J. F. |title=A Biographical Sketch of the Late Most Rev. James Alipius Goold |publisher=Alex McKinley & Co. |location=Melbourne, Australia |year=1886 |pages=22}} *{{cite book |author=Martin O.S.A, Rev. F. X. |title=A Great Battle Bishop James A. Goold of Melbourne (1848–64) and the State Aid for Religion Controversy. Ireland and Irish- Australia: studies in cultural and political history |publisher=Croom Helm |location=London |year=1986 }} *{{cite book |author=O'Farrell, Patrick |title=The Catholic Church and community in Australia |publisher=Thomas Nelson (Australia) |location=West Melbourne, Victoria |year=1977 |isbn=0-17-005129-3 |pages=463 }} *{{Dictionary of Australian Biography |First=James Alipius |Last=Goold |shortlink=0-dict-biogG.html#goold1}}
==External links== {{wikiquote}} {{commonscat}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060806025559/http://www.melbourne.catholic.org.au/cathedral/ St Patrick's Cathedral website] * [http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bgoold.html James Goold on Catholic hierarchy.org]
{{s-start}} {{succession box | title=1st Bishop of the<br>Catholic Diocese of Melbourne |before=''new title''| after=''title abolished''|years=1848{{spaced ndash}}1874}} {{succession box | title=1st Archbishop of the<br>Catholic Archdiocese of Melbourne |before=''new title''| after=Thomas Carr|years=1874{{spaced ndash}}1886}} {{s-end}}
{{Roman Catholic Archbishops of Melbourne}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Goold, James Alipius}} Category:1812 births Category:1886 deaths Category:Christian clergy from Cork (city) Category:Augustinian friars Category:Roman Catholic archbishops of Melbourne Category:Irish expatriate Roman Catholic archbishops Category:Irish emigrants to colonial Australia Category:19th-century Roman Catholic archbishops in Australia Category:Burials at St Patrick's Cathedral, Melbourne Category:Settlers of Melbourne Category:Roman Catholic bishops of Melbourne