Joypurhat District

{{multiple issues| {{More citations needed|date=February 2013}} {{cleanup rewrite|date=July 2018}} }} {{Infobox settlement  | name = Joypurhat District | native_name = জয়পুরহাট জেলা | native_name_lang = bn | official_name = | type = District of Bangladesh | image_skyline = {{Multiple image | border = infobox | total_width = 280 | caption_align = center | perrow = 1/2 | image1 = Green City of Bangladesh.jpg | caption1 = Skyline of Joypurhat | image2 = JoypurhatGate.jpg | caption2 = | image3 = Joypurhat, Dhaka, Bangladesh 5.jpg | caption3 = }} | imagesize = | image_alt = | image_caption = | image_flag = | image_seal = | image_shield = | nickname = | nicknames = | motto = | mottoes = | image_map = BD Joypurhat District locator map.svg | map_caption = Location of Joypurhat in Bangladesh | mapframe = yes | mapframe-zoom = 9 | mapframe-point = none | pushpin_map = | pushpin_label_position = right | pushpin_map_caption = Location of Joypurhat in Bangladesh | coordinates = {{coord|25.10|N|89.03|E|type:adm2nd_region:BD|display=inline,title}} | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{flag|Bangladesh}} | subdivision_type1 = Division | subdivision_name1 = Rajshahi Division | established_title = Established | established_date = February 26, 1984 CE | seat_type = Headquarters | seat = Joypurhat | leader_party = | leader_title = Deputy Commissioner | leader_name = Md. Sharif | leader_title1 = | leader_name1 = | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 965.44 | area_metro_km2 = | area_note = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | population_footnotes = <ref name="2022census" /> | population_total = 956431 | population_as_of = 2022 | population_rank = | population_density_km2 = auto | population_demonym = Joypurhati, Rajshahiyo | population_demonyms = | population_note = | timezone1 = BST | utc_offset1 = +06:00 | postal_code_type = Postal code | postal_code = 5900 | website = | footnotes = | area_code = 0571 | iso_code = BD-24 | blank_name_sec1 = | blank_info_sec1 = | blank_name_sec2 = | blank_info_sec2 = }} '''Joypurhat District''' ({{langx|bn|জয়পুরহাট জেলা}}) is a district in northern Bangladesh, and part of Rajshahi Division.<ref name=Banglapedia>{{Cite Banglapedia|article=Joypurhat District}}</ref>

==Etymology== Prior to the coming of the Calcutta–Jalpaiguri railway line in 1884, the area was known as Jaipur. There was already a Jaipur railway station elsewhere in India, so when the local station was built it was named Jaipur Hat station (there was a ''hat'', or market, nearby) to distinguish it from the other Jaipur.<ref>{{cite web |script-title=bn:জেলার ঐতিহ্য |trans-title=District traditions|url=https://www.joypurhat.gov.bd/bn/site/page/xv3i-%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%90%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF |website=Joypurhat District |language=bn}}</ref> When the area was carved out of Bogra District in 1984, it took the name Joypurhat District.

==History== {{unreferenced section|date=February 2024}}

===Ancient history===

Joypurhat was an area under the Pala Empire and Sena dynasty for a long period of time. Till 16th and 17th centuries, there was no clear information about Joypurhat's history. Previously the local name for Joypurhat was ''Baghabarihat''. Later it was called ''Gopendraganjahat'' in many archives.

Once Lalbazar Thana was established by containing the present Joypurhat Sadar Upazila and Panchbibi Upazila. The thana was located on the east side of Small Jamuna River named Puranapoil. Then Puranapoil Union was known as Karimnagar. A post office was established in Lalbazar Thana. The sub-registry office was established in Nawabganj. There were many Neelkuthi established in this area. At that era, Lalbazar Thana was a town. Back then it was the only work for the ordinary people of that area. From Lalbazar Thana, Small Jamuna River gorge, the whole travel, commerce, and trade were maintained. At that period Lalbazar Thana, Khetlal Upazila and Badalgachhi Upazila were under Dinajpur District. As Dinajpur District, Rangpur District and Rajshahi District were very large, in 1821, a new district was formed from the three districts and named Bogra District. At that time, Bogra District occupied by Adamdighi, Bogra Sadar, Sherpur from Rajshahi District; two upazila from Rangpur District and Khetlal Upazila, Badalgachhi Upazila, Lalbazar Thana from Dinajpur. Later, on December 16, 1868, Lalbazar Police Thana was moved to Khasbaguri. The local name of Khasbabri was Panchbibi.

==Geography==

===Rivers===

Bangladesh is a country of many rivers. There are mainly five rivers in Joypurhat District. They are: * Small Jamuna River passes through Joypurhat Sadar Upazila and Panchbibi Upazila. * Tulshiganga River passes through Joypurhat Sadar Upazila, Khetlal Upazila and Akkelpur Upazila. * Chiri River passes through sadar & Panchbibi Upazila. * Haraboti River passes through Panchbibi khetlal Upazila & add with Tulshiganga River near Bottoli bazar khetlal. * Sree River passes through Chakbarkat Joypurhat Sadar Upazila.

===Climate===

Joypurhat is a district of Tropical climate. In winter there is much more rainfall in Joypurhat than in summer. According to The Köppen climate classification, The average annual temperature in here is 25.4 °C and The average annual rainfall is 1738 mm. The driest month is December with 3 mm. Most precipitation falls in July, with an average of 364 mm. The warmest month of the year is August with an average temperature of 28.9 °C. In January, the average temperature is 18 °C. It is the lowest average temperature of the whole year.

{{Weather box |metric first = yes |single line = yes |location = Joypurhat |Jan high C = 24.8 |Feb high C = 27.6 |Mar high C = 32.5 |Apr high C = 35 |May high C = 33.6 |Jun high C = 32.4 |Jul high C = 35.5 |Aug high C = 35.3 |Sep high C = 31.2 |Oct high C = 29.5 |Nov high C = 28.7 |Dec high C = 25.9 |year high C = |Jan mean C = 18 |Feb mean C = 20.2 |Mar mean C = 24.9 |Apr mean C = 28.4 |May mean C = 28.7 |Jun mean C = 28.9 |Jul mean C = 28.9 |Aug mean C = 28.9 |Sep mean C = 28.6 |Oct mean C = 27 |Nov mean C = 22.8 |Dec mean C = 19.3 |year mean C = |Jan low C = 11.2 |Feb low C = 12.9 |Mar low C = 17.3 |Apr low C = 21.9 |May low C = 23.8 |Jun low C = 25.4 |Jul low C = 26.1 |Aug low C = 26.2 |Sep low C = 25.6 |Oct low C = 22.9 |Nov low C = 17 |Dec low C = 12.6 |year low C = |Jan precipitation mm = 10 |Feb precipitation mm = 15 |Mar precipitation mm = 21 |Apr precipitation mm = 52 |May precipitation mm = 186 |Jun precipitation mm = 330 |Jul precipitation mm = 364 |Aug precipitation mm = 321 |Sep precipitation mm = 283 |Oct precipitation mm = 140 |Nov precipitation mm = 13 |Dec precipitation mm = 3 |year precipitation mm =

|source = [http://en.climate-data.org/location/57272/ National newspapers] |date=January 2014}}

The difference in precipitation between the driest month and the wettest month is 361 mm. The average temperatures vary during the year by 10.9 °C.

== Demographics == {{Historical populations |align=center |percentages=pagr |1974 |507741 |1981 |619351 |1991 |765011 |2001 |846696 |2011 |913768 |2022 |956431 |footnote= Sources:<ref name="census2022" /><ref name="census2011">{{cite web |url=http://203.112.218.65:8008/WebTestApplication/userfiles/Image/PopCenZilz2011/Zila_Joypurhat.pdf|title=Bangladesh Population and Housing Census 2011 Zila Report – Joypurhat|website=Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics}}</ref> }}

According to the 2022 Census of Bangladesh, Joypurhat District has 269,905 households and a population of 956,431 with an average 3.50 people per household. Among the population, 140,366 (14.68%) inhabitants are under 10 years of age. The population density is 945 people per km2. Joypurhat District has a literacy rate (age 7 and over) of 73.73%, compared to the national average of 74.80%, and a sex ratio of 97.72 males per 100 females. Approximately, 23.44% (224,181) of the population live in urban areas. Ethnic population is 26,325 (2.75%) belonging to a variety of groups of which Oraon, Barman, Munda, Santal, Kudumi Mahato and Bedia have a population over 2,000.<ref name="census2022">{{Cite book |url=https://bbs.portal.gov.bd/sites/default/files/files/bbs.portal.gov.bd/page/b343a8b4_956b_45ca_872f_4cf9b2f1a6e0/2024-01-31-15-51-b53c55dd692233ae401ba013060b9cbb.pdf |title=National Report |date=November 2023 |publisher=Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics |isbn=978-9844752016 |series=Population and Housing Census 2022 |volume=1 |location=Dhaka |pages=192}}</ref>

===Religion=== The district of Joypurhat has 2573 mosques, 186 mosque-based library, 675 trained Imam, 2200 Imam, 424 temples, 21 churches and 18 Buddhist temples.{{citation needed|date=August 2014}} Hinda - Kasba Shahi Mosque is one such mosque in Joypurhat.

{{bar box |title=Religions in Joypurhat District (2022) |titlebar=#Fcd116 |left1=Religion |right1=Percent |float=left |bars= {{bar percent|Islam|green|89.91}} {{bar percent|Hinduism|darkorange|9.16}} {{bar percent|Christianity|dodgerblue|0.50}} {{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.43}} }}

{| class="wikitable sortable" |+Religion in present-day Joypurhat District ! rowspan="2" |Religion ! colspan="2" |1941<ref name="1941religion">{{cite web |title=Census of India, 1941 Volume VI Bengal Province |url=https://dspace.gipe.ac.in/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10973/37365/GIPE-020591.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y}}</ref>{{rp|92–93}}{{Efn|Joypurhat, Khetlal and Panchbibi thanas of Bogra district}} ! colspan="2" |1981<ref name="census2011" /> ! colspan="2" |1991<ref name="census2011" /> ! colspan="2" |2001<ref name="census2011" /> ! colspan="2" |2011<ref name="census2011" /> ! colspan="2" |2022<ref name="2022census_report">{{Cite book |url=http://nsds.bbs.gov.bd/storage/files/1/Publications/PHCensus/Rajshahi/District%20Report%20Joypurhat%20Full%20Update%20New.pdf |title=Population and Housing Census 2022 - District Report: Joypurhat |date=June 2024 |publisher=Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics |isbn=978-984-475-230-6 |series= District Series |location=Dhaka |pages=}}</ref> |- !{{Abbr|Pop.|Population}} !% !{{Abbr|Pop.|Population}} !% !{{Abbr|Pop.|Population}} !% !{{Abbr|Pop.|Population}} !% !{{Abbr|Pop.|Population}} !% !{{Abbr|Pop.|Population}} !% |- |Islam 15x15px |165,275 |73.46% |538,293 |86.91% |674,584 |88.18% |758,324 |89.56% |819,235 |89.66% |859,960 |89.91% |- |Hinduism 16x16px |47,664 |21.18% |68,152 |11.00% |73,193 |9.57% |76,033 |8.98% |80,696 |8.83% |87,595 |9.16% |- |Ethnic religion |11,929 |5.30% |{{N/a}} |{{N/a}} |{{N/a}} |{{N/a}} |{{N/a}} |{{N/a}} |{{N/a}} |{{N/a}} |{{N/a}} |{{N/a}} |- |Christianity 21x21px |130 |0.06% |2,064 |0.34% |3,331 |0.44% |4,715 |0.56% |4,822 |0.53% |4,756 |0.50% |- |Others{{efn|Including Jainism, Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Ad-Dharmis, or not stated. After 1981 includes ethnic religions.}} |2 |0.00% |10,842 |1.75% |13,903 |1.81% |7,624 |0.90% |9,015 |0.98% |4,120 |0.43% |- !Total Population !225,000 !100% !619,351 !100% !765,011 !100% !846,696 !100% !913,768 !100% !956,431 !100% |}

Muslims make up 89.91% of the population, while Hindus are 9.16% and Christians 0.50% of the population respectively. Other religions (mainly Sarna) are 0.43% of the population.<ref name="2022census-prelim">{{Cite book |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Vhn2t_PbEzo5-NDGBeoFJq4XCoSzOVKg/view |title=Population and Housing Census 2022: Preliminary Report |date=August 2022 |publisher=Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics |isbn=978-984-35-2977-0 |pages=viii, 28, 30, 39, 44, 46}}</ref><ref name="census2011"/>

==Economy== Joypurhat's economy is mainly based on seasonal crops like rice, potato, wheat, onion, mango, jackfruit, and banana. It also produces a huge amount of sugarcane and it holds the country's largest sugar mill, Joypurhat Sugar Mill's Limited. There are also a lot of industries, rice mills and poultry farm sin this district. It exports many agricultural products. Hili land port is very close to Joypurhat district, so many people of this district do export-import business by this port and about all the vehicles of this port run over this district. This district is appropriate for all kind of business. thumb|Joypurhat sugarmill at dusk Chickens occupy a significant place in the economy of Joypurhat.

==Arts and culture==

Joypurhat is a district of rural or rich folk culture. In British Raj period, many festivals such as keerton (কীর্তন), jaree (জারী), palagaan (পালাগান), kabigaan (কবিগান), baul (বাউল), murshidee (মুর্শিদী), lokgeeti (লোকগীতি), bhaoyaiya (ভাওয়াইয়া), and jattra (যাত্রা) were held on various occasions.

After 1971, many cultural organizations were established in this district level and upazila level.

=== Cultural groups === * Drama Circle<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.kalerkantho.com/print-edition/rangberang/2018/03/29/618862 |script-title=bn:‘ড্রামা সার্কেল’ প্রতিষ্ঠা করলেন আকবর |work=Kaler Kantho |access-date=26 May 2018 |language=bn}}</ref>

==Points of interest==

Jamalganj is situated 10 km south west of Joypurhat. Pahar Pur (Buddhist Bihar), largely known as Somapura Mahavihara, is situated 6 km(approx)north-west of Jamalganj which is a symbol of past legacy of our knowledge on philosophy, architecture, arts and sculptures.{{citation needed|date=March 2019}} It is UNESCO (United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization) certified world heritage site.

Jamalganj is known for its long traditional bazar (in English market) fore surrounded places.{{citation needed|date=March 2019}} It is also known for its agricultural products like banana, paddy, rice, wheat, and potato.{{citation needed|date=March 2019}} Also famous for its coal (bituminous) and cement.{{citation needed|date=March 2019}} Joypurhat is famous for various sweets including inception of sweet named “Harivanga” which is now popular in the country

==Administration== thumb|Joypurhat District upazila geocode map

===Sub-districts===

[[File:Joypurhat upazila wise.jpg|thumb|right|Map of Joypurhat District; Joypurhat Sadar Upazila, Panchbibi Upazila, Khetlal Upazila, Akkelpur Upazila, Kalai Upazila]] Joypurhat has five subdistricts (upazilas):<ref name=Banglapedia/>

{| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" |- ! Upazila ! Official Website ! Area (km2) ! Population (2022)<ref name="2022census">{{Cite book |url=http://nsds.bbs.gov.bd/storage/files/1/Publications/PHCensus/Rajshahi/District%20Report%20Joypurhat%20Full%20Update%20New.pdf |title=Population and Housing Census 2022 - District Report: Joypurhat |date=June 2024 |publisher=Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics |isbn=978-984-475-234-4 |series=District Series |location=Dhaka |pages=}}</ref> |- | Akkelpur | {{URL|akkelpur.joypurhat.gov.bd}} | 139.47 | 144,693 |- | Joypurhat Sadar | {{URL|joypurhatsadar.joypurhat.gov.bd}} | 238.5 | 315,205 |- | Kalai | {{URL|kalai.joypurhat.gov.bd}} | 166.30 | 146,055 |- | Khetlal | {{URL|khetlal.joypurhat.gov.bd}} | 142.60 | 110,866 |- | Panchbibi | {{URL|panchbibi.joypurhat.gov.bd}} | 278.53 | 239,612 |}

===Municipalities===

There are five municipalities in Joypurhat District.

Deputy Commissioner (DC): Mohammad Yasin <ref>{{cite web|title=01 Joypurhat DC|url=http://www.joypurhat.gov.bd/node/1063948|access-date=January 8, 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202143536/http://www.joypurhat.gov.bd/node/1063948|archive-date=February 2, 2014}}</ref> Mayor: MD Mustafizur Rahaman Mostak <ref>{{cite web|title=02 Joypurhat Mayor|url=http://www.joypurhat.gov.bd/node/1076997|access-date=January 8, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131219173447/http://www.joypurhat.gov.bd/node/1076997|archive-date=December 19, 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Parliamentary seats===

Joypurhat has two parliament seats: Joypurhat-1 and Joypurhat-2.

{| class="wikitable" ! Constituency NO. !! Constituency Name !! Extent !! Present Jatiyo Sangshad MP !! Political party !! Legislature !! Election occupied |- |{{center|34}} | '''Joypurhat-1''' {{center|(details)}} | {{center|Joypurhat Sadar Upazila}} {{center|Panchbibi Upazila}} | {{center|Advocate Shamsul Alam}} | Bangladesh Awami League | 11th Parliament | December 30, 2018 |- |{{center|35}} | Joypurhat-2 {{center|(details)}} | {{center|Akkelpur Upazila}} {{center|Kalai Upazila}} {{center|Khetlal Upazila}} | {{center|Abu Sayeed Al Mahmud Swapan}} | Bangladesh Awami League | 11th Parliament | December 30, 2018 |}

==Transport==

===Roads===

Joypurhat is a small district in Rajshahi Division. It has 342.59 km cobbled road, 61.59 km semi-cobbled road and 1569 km raw road.

===Railway stations===

Joypurhat contains eight railway stations. The total railways of Joypurhat are 38.86 km.

* Joypurhat railway station, Joypurhat Sadar Upazila * Panchbibi railway station, Panchbibi Upazila * Jamalganj railway station, Akkelpur Upazila * Akkelpur railway station, Akkelpur Upazila * Jafarpur railway station, Akkelpur Upazila * Tilakpur railway station, Akkelpur Upazila * Bagjana railway station, Panchbibi Upazila

Joypurhat Railway Station was established in 1884 during the British Raj period. It is a very important railway station in northern Bangladesh.

==Education== {{See also|Education in Bangladesh}} There are 27 colleges in the district. They include Joypurhat Government College, Akkelpur Mujibar Rahman College, Amdai United Degree College, founded 1946, Joypurhat Government Women's College (1972), Joypurhat Women's Degree College, Kalai Degree College, Khetlal Syeed Altafunnesa College, and Mohipur Haji Mohsin Government College (1969).<ref name="Banglapedia" /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://shed.portal.gov.bd/sites/default/files/files/shed.portal.gov.bd/npfblock//college.xls |title=List of Colleges |author= |website=Department of Secondary and Higher Education |access-date=6 September 2020}}</ref>

Joypurhat Girls' Cadet College, founded in 2006, is a military high school and college for girls.

According to Banglapedia, R.B. Govt. High School (1946), Komorgram High School, founded in 1968, Joypurhat Government Girls' High School (1977), Kalai Moyen Uddin High School (1913), Khanjanpur High School (1901), Khanjanpur Mission Girl's High School (1919), Sonamukhi High School (1916), Teghar High School (1940), and Uchai Jerka S.C. High School (1925) are notable secondary schools.

Notable Alia Madrasas:

[https://w.wiki/KpQr Baniapara Kamil Madrasa] (1779) (Sadar)

Hanail Nomania Kamil Madrasa (Sadar)

Karai Nurul Huda Kamil Madrasa (Sadar)

Jaipurhat Siddiqia Kamil Model Madrasa (Sadar)

Ali Mamud Purna Gopinathpur Alim Madrasa

== Notes == {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}}

==References== {{Reflist}}

==External links== {{Commons category|Joypurhat District}} * {{Official website|joypurhat.gov.bd}}

{{Geographic location |Centre = Joypurhat District |North = Dinajpur District, Rangpur Division |Northeast = Gaibandha District, Rangpur Division |East = Gaibandha District, Rangpur Division |Southeast = Bogra District |South = Bogra District |Southwest = Naogaon District |West = Naogaon District |Northwest = South Dinajpur, West Bengal, India }}

Category:Joypurhat District Category:Districts of Bangladesh