Jacques Friedel

{{Short description|French physicist (1921–2014)}} {{Infobox scientist | name = | native_name = | native_name_lang = | image = Jacques Friedel (3).JPG | image_size = | alt = | caption = Friedel in June 2011 | birth_date = {{birth date |1921|02|11|df=y}} | birth_place = | death_date = {{death date and age |2014|08|27 |1921|02|11|df=y}}<ref name=frs/> | death_place = | death_cause = | resting_place = | resting_place_coordinates =  | other_names = | residence = | citizenship = | nationality = | fields = Condensed matter physics<ref name=frs/><ref>{{cite book |last=Friedel |first=Jacques |year=1956 |title=Les dislocations |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=syrQAAAAMAAJ |location=Paris |language=fr |publisher=Gauthier-Villars |edition=2nd |series=Monographies de chimie physique|access-date=2014-03-24 |ref =Friedel56}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Friedel |first=Jacques |date=1994-04-01 |title=Graine de mandarin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=82Zn9mTnIL8C |location=Paris |language=fr |publisher=Odile Jacob |isbn=2738102549 |access-date=2014-02-15 |ref =Friedel94}}</ref> | workplaces = | patrons = | education = | alma_mater = {{Plainlist| * Mines ParisTech * École Polytechnique * University of Paris * University of Bristol (PhD)}} | thesis_title =  | thesis_url =  | thesis_year =  | doctoral_advisor = Nevill Francis Mott | academic_advisors = | doctoral_students = | notable_students = | known_for = Theory of transition metals<br>Theory of dislocations<br>Friedel oscillations<br>Friedel sum rule | influences = | influenced = | awards = {{Plainlist| * Legion of Honour (1989) * FRS (1988) * Three Physicists Prize (1987) * Dannie Heineman Prize (1981) * CNRS Gold medal (1970) * Holweck Prize (1964) }} | spouse =  | partner =  | children = | signature =  | signature_alt = | website =  | footnotes = }}

'''Jacques Friedel''' ForMemRS<ref name=frs>{{cite journal|last1=Sutton|first1=Adrian P.|last2=Duparc|first2=Olivier Hardouin|title=Jacques Friedel 11 February 1921 — 27 August 2014|journal=Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society|volume=61|pages=123–143|year=2015|publisher=Royal Society publishing|issn=0080-4606|doi=10.1098/rsbm.2015.0020|doi-access=free}}</ref> ({{IPA|fr|fʁidɛl|lang}}; 11 February 1921 – 27 August 2014) was a French physicist and material scientist.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://authors.library.caltech.edu/5456/1/hrst.mit.edu/hrs/materials/public/FriedelJacques/Jacques_Friedel_intro.htm |title=Jacques Friedel introduction |publisher=Authors.library.caltech.edu |access-date=2011-11-21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | url=http://www.lemonde.fr/sciences/article/2014/08/29/le-physicien-francais-jacques-friedel-est-mort-mercredi-a-93-ans_4479209_1650684.html | title=Jacques Friedel (1921-2014), pionnier de la physique des solides| newspaper=Le Monde.fr| date=2014-08-29}}</ref>

==Education== Friedel attended the Cours Hattemer, a private school.<ref>{{cite web|ref={{harvid|Quelques Anciens Celebres – Hattemar}} |url=http://www.hattemer.fr/fr/l-ecole/association-des-anciens-eleves/# |title=Quelques Anciens Celebres |publisher=Hattemer |access-date=2015-06-30 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150618133955/http://www.hattemer.fr/fr/l-ecole/association-des-anciens-eleves/ |archive-date=2015-06-18 }}</ref> He studied at the École Polytechnique from 1944 to 1946, and the École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris from 1946 to 1948. He graduated from the University of Paris with a ''licence ès sciences'' degree in 1948, then studied at the Metallurgy Laboratory of the School of Mines with Charles Crussard. He graduated from the University of Bristol with a PhD in 1952,<ref name=crp>{{Cite journal | last1 = Georges| first1 = Antoine | author-link = Antoine Georges | doi = 10.1016/j.crhy.2015.12.005 | title = The beauty of impurities: Two revivals of Friedel's virtual bound-state concept | journal = Comptes Rendus Physique | volume = 17 | pages = 430–446 | year = 2016 | issue = 3–4 | bibcode = 2016CRPhy..17..430G | doi-access = free }}</ref> where he studied with Nevill Francis Mott,<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Pippard | first1 = B. | author-link = Brian Pippard| doi = 10.1098/rsbm.1998.0021 | doi-access = free| title = Sir Nevill Francis Mott, C. H. 30 September 1905-8 August 1996 | journal = Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society | volume = 44 | pages = 315–328 | year = 1998 }}</ref> and a Doctorat d'Etat in Paris in 1954.

==Career== He was assistant professor at Paris-Sorbonne University in 1956, then full professor of Solid State Physics (from 1959 to 1989) at the University of Paris-Sud where he co-founded the Laboratory of Solid State Physics. He authored more than 200 journal articles.

He was the president of the Société française de physique, the European Physical Society,<ref name="eurasc1">{{cite web |url=http://www.eurasc.org/davinci/davinci2010.asp |title=the "Leonardo da Vinci" Award 2010 |publisher=Eurasc |access-date=2011-11-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405114444/http://www.eurasc.org/davinci/davinci2010.asp |archive-date=2012-04-05 |url-status=dead }}</ref> and the French Academy of Sciences from 1992 to 1994.

==Awards and honors== Friedel was awarded the gold medal of the French CNRS in 1970, elected as a foreign member of the National Academy of Sciences, the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kva.se/en/Members/|title=Members of the Kungliga Vetenskapsakademien}}</ref> and a Foreign Member of the Royal Society (ForMemRS) in 1988.<ref name=frs/><ref name="eurasc1"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lps.u-psud.fr/spip.php?article448&lang=en |title=Laboratoire de Physique des Solides - UMR 8502 - Jacques Friedel |publisher=Lps.u-psud.fr |access-date=2011-11-21 |archive-date=2014-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140111023215/http://www.lps.u-psud.fr/spip.php?article448&lang=en |url-status=dead }}</ref> He was a fellow of American Physical Society and fellow of European Physical Society. He received in 1964 the Holweck Prize and in 1988 the Von Hippel Award.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mrs.org/von-hippel-1988/|title=1988 Von Hippel Award, Materials Research Society|access-date=2014-07-31|archive-date=2016-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304131939/http://www.mrs.org/von-hippel-1988/|url-status=dead}}</ref> He was appointed a Knight of the Légion d'Honneur, promoted to Officer and subsequently to Commander on 31 March 1989 and to Grand Officer on 30 December 1995. He was promoted to Grand Cross on 14 July 2013.<ref>[http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000000191260&dateTexte= ''DECRET ORDRE DE LA LEGION D'HONNEUR Décret du 30 décembre 1995 portant élévation à la dignité de grand officier'']</ref><ref>[http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do;jsessionid=?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000027697946 ''Décret du 12 juillet 2013 portant élévation aux dignités de grand'croix et de grand officier'' (fr)]</ref>

==Personal life== Friedel's great-grandfather Charles Friedel was an organic chemist and crystallographer at Paris-Sorbonne University, his grandfather Georges Friedel worked on liquid crystals, and his father Edmond Friedel was the director of the National School of Mines from 1937 to 1965.

==See also== *Slater–Pauling rule

==References== {{reflist|35em}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Friedel, Jacques}} Category:1921 births Category:2014 deaths Category:École polytechnique alumni Category:Mines Paris - PSL alumni Category:Corps des mines Category:French people of German descent Category:French physicists Category:Foreign members of the Royal Society Category:Recipients of the Great Cross of the National Order of Scientific Merit (Brazil) Category:Members of the French Academy of Sciences Category:Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences Category:Alumni of the University of Bristol Category:Members of the German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina Category:Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour Category:Fellows of the American Physical Society Category:University of Paris alumni Category:French expatriates in the United Kingdom Category:Presidents of the European Physical Society Category:Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences Category:Presidents of the Société Française de Physique Category:French recipients of the Legion of Honour Category:French fellows of the Royal Society