{{Short description|German philologist and philosophical writer (1824–1881)}} {{lead too short|date=May 2018}} '''Jacob Bernays''' (11 September 1824{{snd}}26 May 1881) was a German philologist and philosophical writer.

==Life== Jacob Bernays was born in Hamburg to Jewish parents. His father, Isaac Bernays (1792–1849) was a man of wide culture and the first orthodox German rabbi to preach in the vernacular; his brother, Michael Bernays, was also a distinguished scholar.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}}

Between 1844 and 1848, Bernays studied classical philology at the University of Bonn under Friedrich Gottlieb Welcker, Christian August Brandis, and Friedrich Wilhelm Ritschl, of whom Bernays became a favourite pupil.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}}<ref name=BNPSupp6>{{cite encyclopedia|last=Baumbach|first=Manuel|title=Bernays, Jacob |encyclopedia=Brill's New Pauly, Supplement I, Volume 6: History of Classical Scholarship|location=Stuttgart|publisher=Brill|date=2013|doi=10.1163/2214-8647_bnps6_COM_00049}}</ref>

In 1853, he accepted the chair of classical philology at the newly founded Jewish Theological Seminary of Breslau, where he formed a close friendship with Theodor Mommsen. In 1866, when Ritschl left Bonn for Leipzig, Bernays returned to his old university as extraordinary professor and chief librarian. He remained in Bonn until his death on 26 May 1881.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}} Upon his death, he bequeathed his Hebrew library to the Jewish Theological Seminary of Breslau.<ref>[http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/3119-bernays-jacob Jewish Encyclopedia]</ref>

==Scholarship== Bernays was most famous for his book [https://books.google.com/books?id=qzliAAAAcAAJ ''Grundzüge der verlorenen Abhandlung des Aristoteles über Wirkung der Tragödie''].{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}} His medical interpretation of catharsis greatly influenced Friedrich Nietzsche and Sigmund Freud.<ref>{{cite book|editor1-last=Vöhler |editor1-first=Martin|editor2-last=Linck|editor2-first=Dirck|title= Grenzen der Katharsis in den modernen Künsten: Transformationen des aristotelischen Modells seit Bernays, Nietzsche und Freud|date=2009|publisher=De Gruyter|isbn= 9783110216769}} For a recent discussion of Bernays’s influence on Nietzsche, see Jing Huang, "Nietzsche als Leser des Aristoteles", in: Hans Peter Anschütz / Armin Thomas Müller / Mike Rottmann / Yannick Souladié (eds.), ''Nietzsche als Leser'', De Gruyter 2021, 131-155. An ungated version is available [https://www.academia.edu/38078206/Jing_Huang_Nietzsche_als_Leser_des_Aristoteles_in_Nietzsche_als_Leser_De_Gruyter_2021 here]</ref>

Bernays was the first scholar to suggest that Aristotle's ''Protrepticus'' inspired Cicero to write the ''Hortensius''.<ref>Rabinowitz, W. G.. ''Aristotle's Protrepticus and the Sources of its Reconstruction''. University of California Press, 1957. Print. pg. 3.</ref> He further suggested that the ''Hortensius'' should be used as the base by which the ''Protrepticus'' could be reconstructed.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=_sRgCgAAQBAJ&dq=bernay+aristotle+hortensius&pg=PT110 Chroust, Anton-Hermann. ''Aristotle: New Light on His Life and On Some of His Lost Works, Volume 2'' Routledge, 1973. Web.]</ref>

==Works== His chief works, which deal mainly with the Greek philosophers, are: *[https://books.google.com/books?id=lchoAAAAcAAJ ''Joseph Justus Scaliger''] (1855) *''Über das Phokylidische Gesicht'' (1856) *''Grundzüge der verlorenen Abhandlung des Aristoteles über Wirkung der Tragödie'' (1857) *[https://books.google.com/books?id=ITgAAAAAYAAJ ''Über die Chronik des Sulpicius Severus''] (1861) *''Die Dialoge des Aristoteles im Verhältniss zu seinen übrigen Werken'' (1863) *''Theophrastos' Schrift über Frömmigkeit'' (1866) *''Die Heraklitischen Briefe'' (1869) *[https://books.google.com/books?id=B4zSX2MOCdoC ''Lucian und die Kyniker''] (1879) *''Zwei Abhandlungen über die Aristotelische Theorie des Dramas'' (1880).

The last of these was a republication of his ''Grundzüge der verlorenen Abhandlungen des Aristoteles über die Wirkung der Tragödie'' (1857), which aroused considerable controversy.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}}

==See also== *Protrepticus (Aristotle) *Hortensius (Cicero)

==Notes== {{reflist}}

==References== *Notices in ''Biographisches Jahrbuch für Alterthumskunde'' (1881), and ''Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie'', xlvi. (1902) *article in the ''Jewish Encyclopedia'' *John Edwin Sandys, ''History of Class. Schol.'' iii. I 76 (1908). *Arnaldo Momigliano, ''Jacob Bernays'', in Id., ''Pagine ebraiche'', a cura di Silvia Berti, Einaudi, Torino 1987, pp.&nbsp;167–180. *Bollack, Jean, ''Ein Mensch zwischen zwei Welten: der Philologe Jacob Bernays''. Goettingen: Wallstein Verlag, 2009. *''Du, von dem ich lebe! Letters to Paul Heyse''. Ed. W. M.Calder III & Timo, Günther. Wallstein, Göttingen 2010. *Ugolini, Gherardo. ''Jacob Bernays e l’interpretazione medico-omeopatica della catarsi tragica. Con traduzione del saggio di Bernays, Grundzüge der verlorenen Abhandlung des Aristoteles über Wirkung der Tragödie (1857)'', Cierre Grafica, Verona 2012. {{ISBN|9788895351766}}

'''Attribution''' * {{EB1911|wstitle=Bernays, Jakob |volume=3 |page=800}}

==External links== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150627071241/http://omeka.wustl.edu/omeka/exhibits/show/brisman/signature/item/4363 Signature of Jacob Bernays (Rare Books of the Shimeon Brisman Collection in Jewish Studies, Washington University)]

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Bernays, Jacob}} Category:1824 births Category:1881 deaths Category:19th-century German Jews Category:Writers from Hamburg Category:University of Bonn alumni Category:Academic staff of the University of Bonn Category:19th-century German librarians Category:Members of the Göttingen Academy of Sciences and Humanities Category:19th-century German philologists Category:Jewish Theological Seminary of Breslau faculty