{{Short description|Nigerian historian (1929–2014)}} {{EngvarB|date=August 2014}} {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}} {{Infobox officeholder |name = J. F. Ade Ajayi |image = |image_size = |caption = |office1 = 3rd Vice chancellor of the University of Lagos |term_start1 = 1972 |term_end1 = 1978 |predecessor1 = Saburi Biobaku |successor1 = Babatunde Kwaku Adadevoh |birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1929|5|26}} |birth_place = Ikole, Southern Region, British Nigeria (now in Ekiti State, Nigeria) |death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2014|8|9|1929|5|26}} |death_place = Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria |module={{Infobox scientist | embed=yes |field = African History |work_institutions = University of Ibadan, University of Lagos |alma_mater = |doctoral_advisor = |doctoral_students = |known_for = Historiography in Africa |author_abbrev_bot = |author_abbrev_zoo = |prizes = |religion = |signature = |footnotes = }} }} '''Jacob Festus Adeniyi Ajayi''', commonly known as '''J. F. Ade Ajayi''', (26 May 1929 – 9 August 2014) was a Nigerian historian and a member of the Ibadan school, a group of scholars interested in introducing African perspectives to African history and focusing on the internal historical forces that shaped African lives.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dacb.org/stories/nigeria/ade-ajayi/|title=Ade Ajayi, Jacob|website=dacb.org|access-date=2020-05-26}}</ref> Ade Ajayi favours the use of historical continuity more often than focusing on events only as powerful agents of change that can move the basic foundations of cultures and mould them into new ones.<ref name="Dibua">J. I. Dibua The Idol, Its Worshippers, and the Crisis of Relevance of Historical Scholarship in Nigeria, History in Africa, Vol. 24 (1997)</ref> Instead, he sees many critical events in African life, sometimes as weathering episodes which still leave some parts of the core of Africans intact.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.amazon.co.uk/Thousand-Years-West-African-History/dp/B000FMKZ6M|title=A Thousand Years of West African History: a Handbook for Teachers and Students By J. F. Ade Ajayi and|date=1965|publisher=Ibadan University Press and Nelson|edition=First}}</ref> He also employs a less passionate style in his works, especially in his early writings, using subtle criticism of controversial issues of the times.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Portrait of J. F. Ade Ajayi.|url=https://imsvintagephotos.com/portrait-of-j-f-ade-ajayi-64585|website=imsvintagephotos.com|language=en|access-date=2020-05-26|archive-date=27 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227152027/https://imsvintagephotos.com/portrait-of-j-f-ade-ajayi-64585|url-status=dead}}</ref>
==Biography== Ajayi was born in Ikole-Ekiti on 26 May 1929,<ref>[http://thenationonlineng.net/web2/articles/5563/1/Professor-J-F-Ade-Ajayi-is-80/Page1.html Professor J. F. Ade Ajayi is 80]{{dead link|date=November 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> his father was a personal assistant of the Oba of Ikole during the era of Native Authorities. He started education at St Paul's School, Ikole, at the age of five. He then proceeded to Ekiti Central School (now Christ's School Ado Ekiti) for preparation as a pupil teacher.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Google Groups|url=https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/usaafricadialogue/9VNamb9lXP4|website=groups.google.com|access-date=2020-05-28}}</ref> However, after hearing from a friend about Igbobi College in Lagos, he decided to try his luck and applied. Thereafter, he gained admission into the college, and equipped with a scholarship from the Ikole Ekiti Native authority, he went to Lagos for secondary education. After completing his studies at Igbobi, he gained admission to the University of Ibadan, where he was to pick between History, Latin or English for his degree. He chose History.<ref name="The News">A Historian at 75, The News, 10 May 2004</ref> In 1952, he travelled abroad and studied at Leicester University, under the tutelage of Professor Jack Simmons, a brilliant Oxford-trained historian. In 1956 he married Christie Ade Ajayi ''née'' Martins.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/sep/10/jf-ade-ajayi JF Ade Ajayi obituary in ''The Guardian'', 10 Sep 2014]</ref> After graduation, he was a research fellow at the Institute of Historical Research, London from 1957 to 1958. He later returned to Nigeria and joined the history department of the University of Ibadan.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Adeboye|first=Olufunke|title=J. F. Ade Ajayi, 1929–2014|date=November 18, 2015|journal=Africa|language=en|volume=85|issue=4|pages=741–744|doi=10.1017/S000197201500056X|issn=0001-9720|doi-access=free}}</ref>
In 1964, he was made dean of arts at the university and later promoted a deputy vice-chancellor. After his stint as deputy vice-chancellor, he was made the vice-chancellor of the University of Lagos<ref name="UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN 1929">{{cite web | title=Prof Ade-Ajayi | website=UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN | date=1929-05-26 | url=https://ui.edu.ng/uiicons/Profade-ajayi | access-date=2023-06-01 | archive-date=1 June 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230601071254/https://ui.edu.ng/uiicons/Profade-ajayi | url-status=dead }}</ref> in 1972. During his tenure, several buildings were constructed and improvements were made to student accommodation.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Professor J. F. Ade Ajayi 1929-2014|url=https://businessday.ng/columnist/article/professor-j-f-ade-ajayi-1929-2014/amp/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|date=2014-09-17|newspaper=BusinessDay|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-28}}</ref> King Jaja hall was built in 1973 and extensions were made to Queen Amina and Queen Moremi halls respectively.<ref name=tribune>{{cite news|url=http://www.tribune.com.ng/quicklinkss/politics/item/15077-ade-ajayi-architect-of-modern-unilag/15077-ade-ajayi-architect-of-modern-unilag|title=Ade Ajayi: Architect of modern UNILAG|publisher=The Nigerian Tribune|author=Tayo Popoola|access-date=March 2, 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141008050233/http://tribune.com.ng/quicklinkss/politics/item/15077-ade-ajayi-architect-of-modern-unilag/15077-ade-ajayi-architect-of-modern-unilag|archive-date=8 October 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The twilight of his career as vice-chancellor was a controversial one, the then Obasanjo regime had introduced some student fees to the dismay of the students, who demanded free education. Students then decided to riot, a situation which was termed Ali must go. During the protest and riots, a student named Akintunde Ojo was shot by the police. At the time his mother was rumoured to be a mistress of Obasanjo. The ensuing protest by students against the killing led opportunists to seize the situation and cause mayhem. In 1978, he was arbitrarily relieved of his position and returned to Ibadan, where he continued his effort in historical scholarship.<ref>{{Cite web|title=J. F. Ade Ajayi - InfoHub|url=https://infohub.xyz.ng/j-f-ade-ajayi|website=infohub.xyz.ng|access-date=2020-05-29}}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
In 1993, Ajayi was awarded the "Distinguished Africanist Award" by the African Studies Association.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.africanstudies.org/p/cm/ld/fid=16 |title="Distinguished Africanist Award 2009" African Studies Association |access-date=12 October 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090728122432/http://www.africanstudies.org/p/cm/ld/fid%3D16 |archive-date=28 July 2009 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref> In 1994, he became an Honorary Fellow of SOAS University of London.<ref>{{cite web|title=SOAS Honorary Fellows|url=https://www.soas.ac.uk/about/fellows/|publisher=SOAS|access-date=3 August 2014|archive-date=1 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190501014222/https://www.soas.ac.uk/about/fellows/|url-status=dead}}</ref> On 9 August 2014, he died at the age of 85 and was buried in his native Ikole Ekiti.<ref name=tribune/><ref>[http://www.punchng.com/news/ade-ajayi-former-unilag-vc-dies-at-85-2/ Ade Ajayi, former UNILAG VC, dies at 85] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903120532/http://www.punchng.com/news/ade-ajayi-former-unilag-vc-dies-at-85-2/ |date=3 September 2014 }}</ref>
==An early writer of African history== As an early writer of Nigerian and African history, though not a pioneer like Kenneth Dike, Ajayi brought considerable respect to the Ibadan School and African research. He is known for the arduous research and rigorous effort he puts into his work. By extensive use of oral sources in some of his works such as pre-twentieth century Yoruba history, he was able to weigh, balance and assay each and all of his sources, uncovering a pathway towards facts in the period which was scarce in written and non-prejudiced forms.<ref name="Hess">Robert A. Hess, J. F. Ade Ajayi and the New Historiography in West Africa, African Studies Review > Vol. 14, No. 2, pp 1–4 (Sep. 1971)</ref> Ajayi also tries to be dispassionate in his writings, especially when writing about controversial or passionate subjects in African history. In an article on the history of Yoruba writing, he was able to appraise critically and with resignation, Samuel Ajayi Crowther, a hero to Ade Ajayi. His style of rigorous research presented new pathways in African historiography and augmented awareness among scholarly circles outside the continent to African methodologies and perceptions. By weighing sources both written and oral, he was able to find new issues of interest that formed the basis of British colonisation of Lagos, balancing official British documentation of the event with additional material.
Another theme in many of his works is nationalism. Ajayi sees religious currents as setting the foundation for modern Nigerian nationalism. The Fulani Jihad of the early twentieth century set a basis for a common front, while Christian missionaries such as [https://churchmissionsociety.org/ Christian Missionary Society (CMS)], had laid the foundation for a movement towards unity in the south. The missionaries also established schools that created a new educated class who later broke with the Europeans and fought for a new social and political order. However, the new order embraced European contemporary social, political and economic structures as ideals of the new society.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Adeboye|first=Olufunke|title=J. F. Ade Ajayi, 1929–2014|date=November 18, 2015|journal=Africa|language=en|volume=85|issue=4|pages=741–744|doi=10.1017/S000197201500056X|issn=0001-9720|doi-access=free}}</ref>
Ajayi, however, with gradation has expressed a much more critical stance on the need to embrace Pan-Africanism as the foundation of nationalism.<ref>{{Cite web|title=EDITORIAL: Prof. Ade Ajayi [1926 - 2014]: Passage of an eminent scholar - Premium Times Opinion|url=https://opinion.premiumtimesng.com/2014/08/26/editorial-prof-ade-ajayi-1926-2014-passage-of-an-eminent-scholar/|last=Times|first=Premium|date=2014-08-26|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-28}}</ref>
==Works== *''Yoruba Warfare in the Nineteenth century''. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England 1964.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Ajayi|first1=J. F. Ade|url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/version/25408644|title=Yoruba warfare in the nineteenth century|last2=Smith|first2=Robert Sydney|last3=Studies|first3=University of Ibadan Institute of African|date=1971|publisher=Cambridge [Eng.] : University Press, in association with the Institute of African Studies, University of Ibadan|isbn=978-0-521-04012-9|edition=2d|language=en}}</ref> *''Christian Missions in Nigeria, 1841–1891: The Making of a New elite''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Christian Missions in Nigeria 1841 1891 by Ajayi - AbeBooks|url=https://www.abebooks.co.uk/book-search/title/christian-missions-in-nigeria-1841-1891/author/ajayi/|website=www.abebooks.co.uk|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-05-31}}</ref> *Editor, ''General History of Africa'', vol. VI, UNESCO, 1989.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000134378|title=General history of Africa, abridged edition, v. 6: Africa in the nineteenth century until the 1880s|website=unesdoc.unesco.org|access-date=2020-05-31}}</ref> *Co-Editor, ''A Thousand Years of West African History''.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Adeboye|first=Olufunke|title=J. F. Ade Ajayi, 1929–2014|date=November 2015|journal=Africa|language=en|volume=85|issue=4|pages=741–744|doi=10.1017/S000197201500056X|issn=0001-9720|doi-access=free}}</ref> * Co-Editor with Michael Crowder: ''History of West Africa'', Longman, London 1971. {{ISBN|0-231-04103-9}}.<ref>{{Cite web|title=History of West Africa by Ajayi - AbeBooks|url=https://www.abebooks.co.uk/book-search/title/history-of-west-africa/author/ajayi/|website=www.abebooks.co.uk|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-05-31}}</ref>
==References== {{Reflist}}
==External links== {{Commons category-inline}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Ajayi, Jacob Ade}} Category:1929 births Category:2014 deaths Category:People from Ekiti State Category:Igbobi College alumni Category:Alumni of the University of Leicester Category:Academic staff of the University of Ibadan Category:Academic staff of the University of Lagos Category:Vice-chancellors of the University of Lagos Category:20th-century Nigerian historians Category:Historians of Yoruba Category:Historians of Nigeria Category:Christ's School, Ado Ekiti alumni Category:20th-century Nigerian educators Category:Fellows of the Nigerian Academy of Letters