{{italic title}} {{short description|14th century polemical}} '''''Jack Upland''''' or '''''Jack up Lande''''' ({{circa|1389–96?}}) is a polemical, probably [[Lollard]], literary work which can be seen as a "sequel" to ''[[Piers Plowman]]'', with [[Antichrist]] attacking Christians through corrupt confession. Jack asks a "flattering friar" (''cf.'' ''Piers Plowman''{{'}}s "Friar Flatterer") nearly seventy questions attacking the [[mendicant order]]s and exposing their distance from scriptural truth.
Two extant works respond to Jack's questions: ''Responsiones ad Questiones LXV'' (before 1396) and ''Friar Daw's Reply'' (Digby 41, c. 1420). The latter text blasts [[John Wycliffe]] as one of history's major [[heresy|heretics]]. Responding to Friar Daw, an unknown author wrote ''Upland's Rejoinder'', which survives in Digby 41, in the margins surrounding ''Friar Daw's Reply''. ''Upland's Rejoinder'' intensifies the level of invective: Daw is said to recruit the young sons of true-living plowmen to become (paradoxically) "worldly beggars," [[apostacy|apostates]] against true rule, and [[sodomy|sodomites]]. ''Jack Upland'' was printed by itself in an [[octavo]] edition c. 1536–40 by [[John Gough (printer)|John Gough]] (STC 5098). [[John Foxe]]'s ''[[Foxe's Book of Martyrs|Acts and Monuments]]'' (1563, 1570) reprinted ''Jack Upland'' and attributed it to [[Geoffrey Chaucer]]. [[Thomas Speght]]'s 1602 edition of Chaucer's ''Works'' (STC 5080) included ''Jack Upland''.<ref>{{cite ODNB|id=26098|first=David|last=Matthews|title=Speght, Thomas}}</ref> In 1968 P.L. Heyworth published all three works, ''Jack Upland, Friar Daw's Reply, and Upland's Rejoinder'' in an [[Oxford University Press]] edition.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Heyworth|first=Peter|title=Jack Upland, Friar Daw's Reply, and Upland's Rejoinder|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1968}}</ref>.The three works also appear in the 1972 unpublished doctoral dissertation "The Origins of Subversive Literature in English," by John Roger Holdstock, for the University of California, Davis. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://search.library.ucdavis.edu/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=01UCD_ALMA21202171640003126&context=L&vid=01UCD_V1&lang=en_US&search_scope=everything_scope&adaptor=Local%20Search%20Engine&tab=default_tab&query=any,contains,Origins%20of%20Subversive%20Literature%20in%20English&offset=0|title=The Origins of Subversive Literature in English|last=Holdstock|first=John|date=1972|website=U.C. Davis Library|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=10 March 2020}}</ref>
==See also== * [[Piers Plowman tradition]]
==Notes== {{reflist}}
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[[Category:14th-century books]] [[Category:Books critical of Christianity]] [[Category:English Reformation]] [[Category:History of Catholicism in England]] [[Category:Literary forgeries]] [[Category:Middle English literature]] [[Category:Satirical essays]] [[Category:The Canterbury Tales]] [[Category:Treatises]]