{{Short description|American communist activist (1914–1999)}} {{Use American English|date=January 2026}} {{Use mdy dates|date=January 2026}} [[File:Jack Shulman.jpg|thumb|right|Jack Shulman in Spain, just prior to the [[Battle of Brunete]].]] '''Jacob (Jack) Shulman''', (1914–1999), was an American [[Anti-revisionism (Marxism–Leninism)|anti-revisionist]] [[communism|communist]] activist and [[Hoxhaism|Hoxhaist]] who fought in the [[Spanish Civil War]] and later moved to the [[People's Republic of China]].<ref> {{cite web | title=Jack Shulman | publisher=WikiInfo | url=http://www.wikinfo.org/wiki.phtml?title=Jack_Shulman | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930170859/http://www.wikinfo.org/wiki.phtml?title=Jack_Shulman | url-status=dead | archive-date=30 September 2007 |date=12 April 2004}}</ref>
==Background==
Jacob Schulman was born and raised in [[Rochester, New York|Rochester]], [[New York (state)|New York]], to Jewish parents who had fled the [[Russian Empire]]. His father was a housepainter and his mother a washerwoman. Shulman won a scholarship to college but had to leave due to the onset of the [[Great Depression]].{{citation needed|date=July 2019}}
==Career==
Shulman joined the [[Young Communist League USA|Young Communist League]] in 1930 and went on in 1936 to serve with the [[Lincoln Brigade]] for 26 months during the [[Spanish Civil War]] and in United States Army during World War II.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2019-12-11 |title=Shulman, Jack |url=https://alba-valb.org/volunteers/jack-shulman/ |access-date=2023-01-23 |website=The Abraham Lincoln Brigade Archives |language=en-US}}</ref> In the early 1950s he worked in the South as part of the Party's organizing efforts with [[African American]]s. He was for several years [[William Z. Foster]]'s secretary.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MEMORIAL ISSUE OF ALLIANCE |url=http://ml-review.ca/aml/AllianceIssues/ALL38INTRO.html |access-date=2023-01-23 |website=ml-review.ca}}</ref>
Shulman was dissatisfied by the [[Communist Party USA]]'s turn away from [[Marxism–Leninism]] following [[Nikita Khrushchev]]'s [[On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences|"Secret Speech"]] in 1956. Following his resignation from the Party, Shulman traveled to [[People's Socialist Republic of Albania|Albania]] and [[China]] in pursuit of his political objectives.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Molla |first=Ylli |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NEK1AQAACAAJ |title=Guerilas made in Albania: historia e Arafatit, Kabilës, Lulës, Amazonas dhe luftëtarëve nga 11 shtete, që u përgatitën politikisht dhe ushtarakisht nga pedagogët shqiptarë |date=2016 |publisher=Botart |isbn=978-9928-219-00-8 |pages=152 |language=sq}}</ref>
Shulman visited Albania then moved to China in 1968 and worked as an editor of English language publications during the [[Cultural Revolution]] in Beijing. As China itself began to display outward [[Revisionism (Marxism)|revisionist]] tendencies Shulman grew closer to the [[Party of Labour of Albania]]. He returned to the United States, published ''[[Albania Report]]'' and organized the [[USA-Albania Friendship Association]]. He had good relationships with the India-Albania Friendship Association and Indian Marxist–Leninists. After the [[fall of communism in Albania]] he participated in the [[Alliance Marxist–Leninist (North America)]] and supported [[International Struggle Marxist–Leninist]] (ISML). He was associated with the British Marxist–Leninist [[W. B. Bland]]. In 2008, former political associates of Shulman helped found the American Party of Labor.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://theredphoenixapl.org/2019/01/30/the-american-party-of-labor-ten-years-of-struggle/|title=The American Party of Labor: 10 Years of Struggle|date=31 January 2019 }}</ref>
==Personal life==
Shulman married three times. The ashes of his third wife, Ruth, are buried in the [[Martyr's Hill]] in [[Tirana]].{{citation needed|date=July 2019}}
Shulman died in 1999.<ref name=":0" />
His son Norman, an American [[draft dodger]] who joined him in China during the [[Vietnam War]], stayed behind in China for several years and met and later married [[Jan Wong]], a Canadian student who later became a journalist.{{citation needed|date=July 2019}}
==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}
==External links== * [http://www.revolutionarydemocracy.org/rdv7n1/obituaries.htm Obituary] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20040803220602/http://website.lineone.net/~partisan_britain/ISML/isml07/isml0707.html Obituary in the journal International Struggle Marxist-Leninist] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20041012182507/http://harikumar.brinkster.net/AllianceIssues/ALL38INTRO.html Memorial Issue Alliance 38] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20040612004550/http://harikumar.brinkster.net/AllianceIssues/ALL38JACKS.html Interview with Jack Shulman Memorial Issue, Alliance 38]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Shulman, Jack}} [[Category:1914 births]] [[Category:1999 deaths]] [[Category:Abraham Lincoln Brigade members]] [[Category:American communists]] [[Category:Anti-revisionists]] [[Category:Hoxhaists]] [[Category:Jewish anti-fascists]] [[Category:Jewish socialists]] [[Category:Jewish communists]]