{{Short description|British organ builders}} {{Use British English|date=July 2016}} {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2014}} {{More citations needed|date=January 2008}} {{Infobox company | name = J. W. Walker & Sons Ltd | image = Pipe.organ.bristol.arp.jpg | image_size = 200px | image_caption = Bristol Cathedral organ (Walker, 1907) | type = Private | foundation = London, UK, 1828 | founder = Joseph William Walker | location_city = Brandon and Devizes | location_country = England, UK | locations = 2 | area_served = UK, Europe, US, worldwide | key_people = | industry = Organ builders | products = Pipe organs | num_employees = | homepage = {{URL|jwwalker.co.uk}} | footnotes = }}
'''J. W. Walker & Sons Ltd''' is a British firm of organ builders established in 1828 by Joseph William Walker in London. Walker organs were popular additions to churches during the Gothic Revival era of church building and restoration in Victorian Britain, and instruments built by Walker are found in many churches around the UK and in other countries. The firm continues to build organs today.
==History==
===Joseph William Walker=== The firm was founded by Joseph William Walker (1802–1870), an apprentice to George Pike England. Walker established his own organ-building business in Soho, London in 1828, and moved later to Francis Street off Tottenham Court Road.<ref name=walker-history>{{cite web|title=Our History|url=http://www.jwwalker.co.uk/history.html|work=J.W. Walker & Sons website|access-date=26 November 2011}}</ref>
Notable initially for pleasing small church and barrel organs, Walker achieved a breakthrough with the order for a large three-manual instrument at Romsey Abbey, Hampshire in 1858, including a thirty-two foot Pedal Open Wood. This instrument was in 2007 substantially in its original state, a recent renovation confirming its outstanding musical qualities.
Walker died in 1870, and his youngest and only surviving son, James John Walker, took over the firm.
===James John Walker=== Arguably, the heyday of the company occurred towards the end of the nineteenth century under the leadership of James John Walker (1846–1922), the youngest and only surviving son of Joseph William. The company developed a reputation in the 1890s for excellence in massive diapason voicing using scales and pressures for flue work greater than those used by Hill or Willis. The effect was rolling and magnificent. Notable instruments included those in London at Holy Trinity Sloane Street<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://npor.org.uk/NPORView.html?RI=A00303|title=The National Pipe Organ Register - NPOR|website=npor.org.uk|access-date=2019-08-21}}</ref> and St Margaret's Westminster;<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://npor.org.uk/NPORView.html?RI=D01260|title=The National Pipe Organ Register - NPOR|website=npor.org.uk|access-date=2019-08-21}}</ref> cathedrals at York,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://npor.org.uk/NPORView.html?RI=D04217|title=The National Pipe Organ Register - NPOR|website=npor.org.uk|access-date=2019-08-21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://yorkminster.org/discover/conservation/organ-refurbishment/|title=York Minster|website=York Minster|language=en|access-date=2019-08-21|archive-date=21 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190821162120/https://yorkminster.org/discover/conservation/organ-refurbishment/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Rochester,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://npor.org.uk/NPORView.html?RI=D04979|title=The National Pipe Organ Register - NPOR|website=npor.org.uk|access-date=2019-08-21}}</ref> and Bristol;<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://npor.org.uk/NPORView.html?RI=D04989|title=The National Pipe Organ Register - NPOR|website=npor.org.uk|access-date=2019-08-21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bristol-cathedral.co.uk/music/the-cathedral-organ/|title=The Cathedral Organ - Bristol Cathedral|website=bristol-cathedral.co.uk|access-date=2019-08-21}}</ref> and the organs at St Mary's, Portsea and St Matthew's, Northampton. Walker also later rebuilt the Gray & Davison concert organ at the Crystal Palace, increasing its power to carry across the vast space of the central transept. The sequence of church instruments continued into the twentieth century, including the large instrument at the Roman Catholic church of The Sacred Heart, Wimbledon, built in 1912.
After James Walker's death, the reputation of the firm in the "first division" of British organ building lasted through the Second World War. By the 1960s, British organ design had become not only eclectic but, to some ears, meekly derivative. The rebuild at Wimborne Minster in 1965 incorporated pipework from earlier periods beginning in 1664; the old material was made to sit with elements in vogue at the time of the Walker rebuild to create an organ whose character could be said to be either of all its history or properly representative of none of it, except perhaps 1965 itself. Later commentators have levelled harsh words at the 1960s "Jack-of-all-trades" British pipe organ without realizing that for the players of the day, such innovations drawn from European practice entirely outside the original scheme and character of the instruments, did at least open new avenues for players just getting used to attempt, for example, baroque performance practice.
Given enough money, the Walker firm could produce impressive, cogent and exciting new work, as at Liverpool's new Catholic cathedral (1967–68). The instrument could be seen as a response to the existing (and outstanding) instrument by Henry Willis III at the neighbouring Anglican cathedral, and recordings by several outstanding European players, including Jeanne Demessieux and Flor Peeters, were made there.
===Robert Pennells and the move to Brandon=== Eventually, a recognizable revival came to the Walker firm with its move, in stages, from west London to the small town of Brandon, on the Suffolk/Norfolk border, where the organ building firm and a parts supply business ("P & S") occupied modern workshops. In the 1980s, under the leadership of Robert Pennells, his German (Klais)-trained son Andrew, B. Q. S. F. Buchanan and head voicer Michael Butler, a number of new and prestigious instruments were made, including town hall organs at Bolton in 1985 (after a fire four years before which destroyed a famous 1874 Gray & Davison instrument) and, leading a group of instruments for export, at Adelaide (1989); at Lancing College Chapel in 1986–7; and several years later at London's St Martin-in-the-Fields. The visual effect of a number of the new instruments benefited considerably from the case-designs of David Graebe. Later organs included a Cavaillé-Coll-inspired instrument, built in 1995 at Exeter College, Oxford.
In 1999, Andrew Pennells died, drawing his father out of retirement. Today, the business has four distinct parts under the umbrella of "The Walker Group": restoration work operating from premises in the Wiltshire town of Devizes; tuning, supplies to the trade and a small new-organbuilding practice in Brandon.
==List of works== {{Expand list|date=February 2011}} {{Columns-list|colwidth=35em| * Waltham Abbey 1850–1953 (see below) * St Vedast Foster Lane, Cheapside, London 1853, enlarged 1885<ref>{{cite web |title=St. Vedast, Foster Lane [N17661] |website=The National Pipe Organ Register |url=https://www.npor.org.uk/NPORView.html?RI=N17661 |access-date=20 April 2020}}</ref> * St Peter and St Paul, East Harling 1854 (originally for St James' Church in Hatcham, moved 1982) * Romsey Abbey 1858 * St John the Baptist, Penshurst, Kent 1858 * Holy Trinity Church, Bedford, 1859, reinstalled in St Margaret's Church, Ipswich in 1981 * St Audoen's Catholic Church, Dublin 1861 * St Mary's Church, Belstone, Devon 1862 (believed to have been made originally for Knole, Kent) * St Bartholomew's Church, Arborfield 1863 * St John's Cathedral, Parramatta, Australia 1863 * All Saints Church, Willian, Hertfordshire (1864) * St Michael and All Angels Church, Hughenden 1864 * St Stephen's Church, Richmond, Victoria, Australia 1865 built for William Philpott, Melbourne, Victoria *St Margaret's church, Northam 1866 * St Mary's Church, Twyford 1867 * Dorchester Abbey 1870–1875<ref>Initially built in the north chancel aisle, subsequently removed to its present position in a gallery on the north side of the nave. Tyack, Geoffrey 2005. 'The abbey restored, c. 1800–1920.' in Tiller, Kate (ed) ''Dorchester Abbey: Church and People 635–2005''. The Dorchester Abbey Preservation Trust. page 58.</ref> * St Werburgh's Church, Derby 1872<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=St Werburgh's Church, Derby. Opening of the New Organ |url=http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000052/18721211/014/0005 |newspaper=Derby Mercury |location=England |date=11 December 1872 |access-date=4 June 2017 |via=British Newspaper Archive |url-access=subscription }}</ref> * St John the Divine, Kennington 1875 * All Saints' Church, Maidenhead 1879 * St Peter's Church, Chertsey 1880 * St Andrew's Church of England, 106 Bethune Rd, Stoke Newington, London N16 5DU - 1886 * St James' Church, Stretham – installed at the time of J P St Aubyn's restoration, 1886<ref>{{cite web|title=Cambridgeshire, Stretham St. James [N10223]|url=http://npor.rcm.ac.uk/cgi-bin/Rsearch.cgi?Fn=Rsearch&rec_index=N10223|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120715015249/http://npor.rcm.ac.uk/cgi-bin/Rsearch.cgi?Fn=Rsearch&rec_index=N10223|url-status=dead|archive-date=15 July 2012|publisher=The British Institute of Organ Studies|access-date=23 August 2010|year=2005}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book| editor-last = Pugh| editor-first = R.B. |first1= T.D.|last1=Atkinson|first2= Ethel M. |last2=Hampson|first3= E.T. |last3=Long|first4= C.A.F. |last4=Meekings|first5= Edward|last5= Miller|first6= H.B. |last6=Wells|first7= G.M.G. |last7=Woodgate | title = The Victoria History of the Counties of England: ''Cambridge and the isle of Ely''| publisher = Oxford University Press| year = 1953| volume = IV| url = http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=21908 | page = 155}}</ref> * St. Alban's Anglican Church, Copenhagen, Denmark (1887, renovated in 1966)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.st-albans.dk/about-us/about-the-church/|title=About the Church|publisher=St. Alben's Church|access-date=26 February 2010}}</ref> * St Mary's Church, Portsea, Portsmouth 1889<ref>Consecrated to Prayer – A Centenary History of St Mary's, Portsea 1889–1989, Chapter 22. John Radford 1989</ref> * Holy Trinity Sloane Street 1890 * Holy Trinity Anglican Church, Nice, France 1867 * St Matthew's Church, Northampton 1895 * St George in the Meadows, Nottingham 1895 * St Mary's Cathedral, Gqeberha, South Africa 1897 * St Boniface, Portsmouth 1898, (closed 1962, disposal unknown) * Royal Holloway College (1886-1978) * Church of SS Mary and Ambrose, Edgbaston 1898 * Church of The Good Shepherd, Lake 1901 * York Minster 1903 * Hatchlands Park, Surrey 1904 * Hobart Town Hall 1870 * Kingham Hill School 1904 * Liverpool Blue Coat School chapel 1906 * Bristol Cathedral 1907 * Christ the King Catholic Church, Gothenburg, Sweden 1907, reinstalled 2010. Originally built for First Church of Christ Scientist, London (today the Cadogan Hall) * St John's Church, Watford 1911 * Sacred Heart, Wimbledon 1912 * El Buen Tono Church, Mexico City 1912 * St Peter's Church, Selsey 1912<ref>{{cite book |last=Heron-Allen|first = Edward|author-link=Edward Heron-Allen|title=The Parish Church of St Peter on Selsey Bill Sussex 2nd Edition|location=Chichester|year=1943|publisher= Moore and Tillyer}} p.18. ''two-manual tracker action instrument with nine speaking stops, four couplers, full pedal board and balanced swell..''</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=St. Peter, Selsey [N15245]|website=The National Pipe Organ Register|url=https://www.npor.org.uk/NPORView.html?RI=N15245|access-date=15 April 2021}}</ref> * St Matthew's, Bayswater 1913 * Holy Trinity Cathedral, Port of Spain 1914<ref>{{cite web | url=https://anglicantt.com/home-page/resources/parish-churches/holy-trinity-cathedral-port-spain/#The%20Organ | title=The Organ | date=January 2017 | publisher=AnglicanTT.com | accessdate=2021-09-08}}</ref> * Holy Trinity Cathedral, Shanghai 1914 * St Mark's Church, Woodcote 1915 * St. Mary's Church, Nottingham 1916 * St Wilfrid's, Portsmouth 1922 * St Clement Eastcheap, London 1926 * St Cyprian's Cathedral, Kimberley, South Africa 1936 (dedicated 1937) * St. Mary's Church, Wollaton Park, Nottingham 1938 * St. Augustine Chapel, Kingston College, Jamaica, (dedicated 1949, rededicated 2023) * Holy Trinity Church, Shirebrook 1950 * Grimsby Minster 1951 * London Oratory, London 1952–54 * University of Western Australia, Winthrop Hall, 1965 * St Faith's, Portsmouth 1957? * St Peter's Italian Church, Clerkenwell 1959 * Ampleforth Abbey, North Yorkshire 1961 * Stanmore Chapel, Middlesex 1961 * Church of the Good Shepherd, Nottingham 1964? * St. Mary the Virgin, Prestwich, Lancashire 1964 * The Queen's Chapel of the Savoy 1965 * Wimborne Minster 1965 * St Paul's Cathedral, Rockhampton Australia 1965 * St. Olave's Grammar School 1967<ref>{{Cite web|title= The National Pipe Organ Register - NPOR|url=https://www.npor.org.uk/NPORView.html?RI=N17853|access-date=2 March 2023}}</ref> * Liverpool Metropolitan Cathedral 1968 * Trinity College, Dublin Chapel (in 18th century case) 1968 * King Edward VI School 1969 * Blackburn Cathedral 1970 * Church of the Ascension, RAF Benson 1972 * St. Leodegarius Church, Basford 1977 * Chichester Cathedral 1980<ref>{{Cite web|title= The National Pipe Organ Register - NPOR|url=https://www.npor.org.uk/NPORView.html?RI=N09051|access-date=27 February 2021}}</ref> * Our Lady of the Angels, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA 1985 * St. Bernard Parish, Appleton, Wisconsin, USA 1986 * Lancing College 1987 * Adelaide Town Hall, South Australia, 1989<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.adelaidetownhall.com.au/visit-discover/history/ |title=Adelaide Town Hall History > Town Hall Organ |access-date=14 October 2019 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150417092525/http://www.adelaidetownhall.com.au/visit-discover/history/town-hall-organ/ |archive-date=17 April 2015 }}</ref> * St Chad's Cathedral, Birmingham commissioned 1990; installed 1993 * St Peter and St Paul, Bromley 1991 * Exeter College, Oxford 1995 * St. Martin-in-the-Fields, London 1995 * Peace Lutheran Church, Hutchinson, Minnesota, USA 1997 * St. Peter's Evangelical Lutheran Church, St. Peter, Minnesota, USA 1983 * St Cuthbert's Church Edinburgh 1998 * Ongar United Reformed Church, Essex 1886 – thought to have been built for the Courtauld family * Hustad Church, Norway 2001 * The Royal Hospital School 1933 * City of London School, London – installed 1969, moved to its current location in the new school buildings 1986<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120602092747/http://www.clsb.org.uk/organ/ City of London school.] Retrieved 12 March 2013.</ref> * All Saints' Anglican Cathedral, Nairobi, Kenya * Dunfermline Abbey (1966) * St Mark's Episcopal Church, Glen Ellyn, Illinois 1991, expanded 2015 * St. Stephen's Episcopal Church, Houston, Texas, United States of America. (1988)}}
==Walker's work at Waltham Abbey== Maintenance of the organ at Waltham Abbey, installed in 1819 by Flight & Robson,<ref name="waltham1">{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/historyofancient00wintiala |title=The history of the ancient parish of Waltham abbey, or Holy Cross : Winters, Williams, 1835?–1893 : Free Download & Streaming : Internet Archive |year=1888 |access-date=12 March 2014}}</ref> was taken over by J. W. Walker in 1850.<ref name="waltham1"/> The company carried out a number of additions and reconstructions to it between then and 1953, including installing a replacement in 1879.<ref name="waltham1"/> In 1953 they "completely dismantled and rebuilt" it and resited the console<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140714210527/http://www.walthamabbeychurch.co.uk/Music/organ.htm Waltham Abbey. Music.] Retrieved 14 March 2014.</ref> at a cost of "under £7,000."<ref>Plaque currently on the organ console, transcribed in ''The Memorial Inscriptions in the Parish Church of the Holy Cross and Saint Lawrence at Waltham Abbey'', by the late Dr. K. N. Bascombe and G. Weltch, [http://www.walthamabbeyhistoricalsociety.org.uk/ Waltham Abbey Historical Society] Millennium Project No. 22, March 2009, pp.14–15</ref> Since 2003, this organ has been in the care of Harrison & Harrison of Durham.<ref name="waltham1"/> An appeal was launched in 2007 to raise £250,000 for a replacement organ.<ref>{{cite web |last=Jensen |first=Isabel |url=http://www.thisislocallondon.co.uk/search/4147833.WALTHAM_ABBEY__Organ_appeal_hits___100_000_mark |title=WALTHAM ABBEY: Organ appeal hits £100,000 mark (From This Is Local London) |publisher=Thisislocallondon.co.uk |date=23 February 2009 |access-date=12 March 2014 |archive-date=6 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140106221409/http://www.thisislocallondon.co.uk/search/4147833.WALTHAM_ABBEY__Organ_appeal_hits___100_000_mark/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
The organ removed in 1879 could be the "fine Walker organ" said to have come from Waltham Abbey and to have made "an absolutely splendid sound". This instrument was installed at Little Clacton, Essex in 1939, and later sold on to Christ Church, Greenwich.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.littleclactonparishchurch.co.uk/churchorgan.htm |title=St James Little Clacton Parish Church |publisher=Littleclactonparishchurch.co.uk |access-date=12 March 2014 |archive-date=21 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140621061946/http://littleclactonparishchurch.co.uk/churchorgan.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.littleclactonparishchurch.co.uk/images/Organ_L.jpg |title=Photograph of Little Clacton Parish Church Organ |publisher=Littleclactonparishchurch.co.uk |access-date=12 March 2014 |archive-date=3 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303195547/http://www.littleclactonparishchurch.co.uk/images/Organ_L.jpg |url-status=dead }}</ref>
==References== {{Reflist|2}}
==External links== {{Commons category|J. W. Walker & Sons organs}} * [https://walkerorgans.com/ J. W. Walker & Sons website] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20091009004258/http://www.pdoa.org.uk/ Portsmouth & District Organists Association]
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Walker, J. W. And Sons}} Category:Organ building companies of the United Kingdom Category:1828 establishments in England