{{Short description|Georgian nobleman}} '''Ivane-Qvarqvare Jaqeli-Tsikhisjvareli''' ({{lang-ka|ივანე-ყვარყვარე ჯაყელი-ციხისჯვარელი}}; died {{circa|1247}}{{sfn|Toumanoff|1990|p=214}}) was a [[Kingdom of Georgia|Georgian]] nobleman of the [[Jaqeli]] family, who served as ''[[eristavi]]'' ("duke") and ''[[spasalar]]'' ("constable") of [[Samtskhe]] in the early 13th century. Rising to prominence thanks to his loyal service to Queen-Regnant [[Tamar of Georgia]], Ivane Jaqeli's long career spanned pivotal years in the history of medieval Georgia, through the "[[Georgian Golden Age|Golden Age]]" to the crisis and decline under the [[Mongol invasions of Georgia|Mongol hegemony]].
Ivane, otherwise known as Qvarqvare, first appears in the medieval Georgian chronicles as bearing the surname Tsikhisjvareli, derived from the territorial epithet "of Tsikhisjvari". During a revolt of Queen Tamar's disgraced husband, [[Yury Bogolyubsky|George the Rus']], around 1191, Ivane was one of the few nobles of Samtskhe who remained loyal to the queen. He might have become duke and constable of Samtskhe after the previous occupant of these offices, [[Botso Jaqeli]], fell out of favor with Tamar for having supported George's attempted coup. Ivane was Botso's kinsman, member of the family cognate with that of Botso,{{sfn|Bakhtadze|2010|pp=12–14}} or even his brother.{{sfn|Toumanoff|1990|p=214}}
By 1220, under Tamar's successor, [[George IV of Georgia|George IV Lasha]], Ivane, in addition to his tenure in Samtskhe, was also ''mechurchlet-ukhutsesi'' ("Lord High Treasurer") at the Georgian court.{{sfn|Bakhtadze|2010|pp=17–18}} When the [[Mongol Empire|Mongol]] armies moved in for the final conquest of Georgia in 1236, Ivane offered them stiff resistance and fought on until Queen [[Rusudan of Georgia|Rusudan]] consented to a truce, in contrast to most Georgian grandees, who either surrendered without fighting or fled the Mongol advance to safer areas. The queen herself had escaped to western Georgia and did not return to the capital until being convinced to do so by the leading nobles of the kingdom, Ivane included, around 1243.{{sfn|Bakhtadze|2010|pp=19–20}}
After Rusudan's death in 1245, while the Georgians were waiting for her successor to be confirmed by the Mongol [[Great Khan]], the Mongols divided Georgia into several administrative units, [[Tumen (unit)|tumens]], run by local aristocracy. It is not known whether Ivane was at the head of any of these tumens, but during this period of interregnum he was the one whom the nobles of Georgia's southwestern marches, such as [[Tao (historical region)|Tao]], [[Klarjeti]], [[Kola (historical region)|Kola]], and [[Artaani (historical region)|Artaani]], solicited support against the invading [[Anatolian beyliks|Anatolian Turks]]. At the head of 10,000 troops, Ivane won a victory at the Avni plain and sent his grandsons—Ivane-Papa and [[Sargis I Jaqeli|Sargis]]—to chase the retreating Turks beyond the Georgian borders{{sfn|Bakhtadze|2010|pp=19–20}} and seize [[Oltu]], which was probably under [[Ayyubid]] control at this point.{{sfn|Peacock|2012|p=51}} Further conquests are mentioned by the Arabic chronicler [[Baybars al-Mansuri]], who states that the Georgians, apparently meaning the Jaqeli, profited from the [[Mongol invasion of Anatolia]] to take hold of Babrawan (Georgian Marmovani, modern Narman, south of Oltu), Washlawan (Georgian Vashlovani, of unknown location in Tao), and [[Bayburt]].{{sfn|Peacock|2012|p=51}}
Shortly afterwards, Ivane participated in a [[Tsotne Dadiani#Kokhtastavi conspiracy|failed plot]] to overthrow the Mongol hegemony. In 1247, Ivane was among those nobles, who, alarmed by a protracted interregnum, sought out and brought back to Georgia the exiled prince [[David VII of Georgia|David]], son of the late king George IV.{{sfn|Bakhtadze|2010|p=21}} Ivane-Qvarqvare might have died around that time, outliving his son Beka, who was killed in a battle with the Mongols in 1220{{sfn|Bakhtadze|2010|p=18}} or 1221,{{sfn|Toumanoff|1990|p=214}}{{sfn|Peacock|2012|p=51}} and, possibly, the eldest grandson Ivane (also known as Papa). The next known duke of Samtskhe was Ivane-Qvarqvare's younger grandson, Sargis Jaqeli.{{sfn|Bakhtadze|2010|p=21}}
== Notes == {{reflist|2}}
== References == * {{cite book|last1=Bakhtadze|first1=Mikheil|title=Austrian History Yearbook 1966 |script-title=ka:ჯაყელთა საგვარეულოს ისტორია XI-XV საუკუნეებში|trans-title=History of the Jaqeli family from the 11th to the 15th century|date=2010|publisher=Artanuji|location=Tbilisi|isbn=9789994055456|language=ka}} * {{cite book|last1=Peacock|first1=Andrew|editor1-last=Beyazit|editor1-first=Deniz|title=At the Crossroads of Empires: 14th-15th century Eastern Anatolia|series=Varia Anatolica|volume=25|date=2012|publisher=Institut français d'études anatoliennes|location=Paris and Istanbul|isbn=978-2-36245-002-0|pages=49–70|chapter=Between Georgia and the Islamic world: the atabegs of Samc‘xe and the Turks}} * {{cite book|last=Toumanoff|first=Cyrille|author-link=Cyril Toumanoff|title=Les dynasties de la Caucasie Chrétienne: de l'Antiquité jusqu'au XIXe siècle: tables généalogiques et chronologique|language=French|trans-title=Dynasties of Christian Caucasia from Antiquity to the 19th century: genealogical and chronological tables|year=1990|location=Rome}}
{{Tamar the Great}} {{s-start}} {{s-hou|[[House of Jaqeli]]}} {{s-reg}} {{s-bef|before=[[Botso Jaqeli]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Principality of Samtskhe|Duke of Samtskhe]]|years={{circa|1191–1247}}}} {{s-aft|after=[[Sargis I Jaqeli]]}} {{s-end}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Jaqeli, Ivane 01}} [[Category:House of Jaqeli|Ivane 01]] [[Category:12th-century people from Georgia (country)]] [[Category:13th-century people from Georgia (country)]] [[Category:1240s deaths]]