{{Short description|Northern Irish politician (1944–2019)}} {{For|the New Zealand cricketer|Ivan Cooper (cricketer)}} {{Use Hiberno-English|date=December 2025}} {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}
'''Ivan Averill Cooper''' (5 January 1944 – 26 June 2019)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2019/jun/26/ivan-cooper-northern-ireland-civil-rights-leader-dies-at-75|title=Ivan Cooper, Northern Ireland civil rights leader, dies at 75|first=Rory|last=Carroll|work=The Guardian|date=26 June 2019|access-date=26 June 2019}}</ref> was a civil rights activist and Irish nationalist politician from Northern Ireland. He was a member of the Parliament of Northern Ireland and a founding member of the Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP). He is often known for leading the civil rights march on 30 January 1972 that developed into the Bloody Sunday massacre.
==Early years== Cooper was born in Claudy, County Londonderry, into a working-class Protestant family who were members of the Church of Ireland. He was brought up in nearby Killaloo, before he and his family moved in 1956 to the Bogside area of Derry city. He was briefly a member of the Claudy Young Unionist Association until April 1965 when he joined the Northern Ireland Labour Party. As the Labour candidate in the Stormont general election that year, he attracted a moderate amount of cross-community support but was not elected.<ref>{{cite book |last=Bardon |first=Jonathan |author-link=Jonathan Bardon |title=A History of Ulster |date=December 1992 |publisher=Blackstaff Press |location=Dundonald, Belfast |isbn=0-85640-476-4 |chapter=The O'Neill Era, 1963–1972 |page=648 }}</ref>
He was the husband of Frances and had two daughters, Sinead and Bronagh.<ref>{{cite news |last1=O'Neill |first1=Leona |title=Tributes for Ivan Cooper, Protestant in vanguard of civil rights movement |url=https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/northern-ireland/tributes-for-ivan-cooper-protestant-in-vanguard-of-civil-rights-movement-38257141.html |access-date=11 May 2021 |work=Belfast Telegraph |date=27 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511111158/https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/northern-ireland/tributes-for-ivan-cooper-protestant-in-vanguard-of-civil-rights-movement-38257141.html |archive-date=11 May 2021}}</ref>
==Civil rights campaign== Committed to non-violence, Cooper became a major figure in the Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association, which campaigned for equality during the late 1960s. In 1968, he resigned from the Labour Party and founded the Derry Citizens' Action Committee (DCAC),<ref>{{cite book |last=Bew |first=Paul |author-link=Paul Bew, Baron Bew |author2=Gordon Gillespie |title=Northern Ireland : A Chronology of the Troubles, 1968–1993 |year=1993 |publisher= Gill & MacMillan |location= Dublin |isbn= 0-7171-2081-3 |chapter=1968 |page=6 }}</ref> serving as its president until the following year.<ref name=BBCObit>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-northern-ireland-34911802|title=Ivan Cooper: Civil rights leader forever linked to Bloody Sunday|publisher=BBC News|date=26 June 2019|access-date=26 June 2019}}</ref> In the summer of 1968, at a protest meeting in the Guildhall foyer, he suggested that Catholics and Protestants alike should fight for their rights "as the blacks in America were fighting".<ref>{{cite book |last=Bardon |first=Jonathan |author-link=Jonathan Bardon |title=A History of Ulster |date=December 1992 |publisher=Blackstaff Press |location=Dundonald, Belfast |isbn=0-85640-476-4 |chapter=The O'Neill Era, 1963–1972 |page=650 }}</ref>
Cooper was one of the organisers of a DCAC march in Derry on 16 November 1968, attended by from 15,000–20,000 people in defiance of a month-long ban imposed on marches in the city.<ref>Freya McClements, [https://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/remembering-derry-s-momentous-civil-rights-march-50-years-later-1.3698963 'Remembering Derry's momentous civil rights march 50 years later']. ''The Irish Times'', 16 November 2018. Retrieved 12 December 2025</ref><ref>[https://www.derryjournal.com/news/november-16-1968-the-day-derry-rumbled-to-sound-of-marching-feet-213381 'November 16, 1968: the day Derry rumbled to sound of marching feet']. ''Derry Journal'', 16 November 2018. Retrieved 12 December 2025</ref> Following violence resulting from marches in the city, Cooper called for a halt to spontaneous marches.<ref>{{cite book |last=Bew |first=Paul |author-link=Paul Bew, Baron Bew |author2=Gordon Gillespie |title=Northern Ireland : A Chronology of the Troubles, 1968–1993 |year=1993 |publisher= Gill & MacMillan |location= Dublin |isbn= 0-7171-2081-3 |chapter=1968 |page=7 }}</ref> After escalation of street disturbances at the start of the year, following a march by the People's Democracy movement, which resulted in residents of the Bogside cordoning off areas with impromptu barricades, Cooper managed to persuade locals to remove the barricades. The damage seemed irreparable, however, after a march in Newry got out of control. Most Protestants and many Catholics who had remained supportive of the civil rights actions now withdrew their support.<ref>{{cite book |last=Bardon |first=Jonathan |author-link=Jonathan Bardon |title=A History of Ulster|date=December 1992 |publisher=Blackstaff Press |location=Dundonald, Belfast |isbn=0-85640-476-4 |chapter=The O'Neill Era, 1963–1972 |page=662 }}</ref>
==Parliament== In the 1969 general election, Cooper was elected as an independent member of the Parliament of Northern Ireland for Mid Londonderry,<ref name=BBCObit/> defeating the sitting Nationalist Party MP, Paddy Gormley.
On 12 August – the start of the few intense days of violence which have become known as the Battle of the Bogside – Cooper tried to restrain Catholics protesting an Apprentice Boys of Derry parade by linking arms with John Hume and Eddie McAteer. However, they were swept aside and Cooper was knocked unconscious by a brick.<ref>''Ibid pp. 666''</ref>
Cooper was suspended from Stormont for a week on 20 March after a protest in the Chamber over a Public Order Bill.<ref>{{cite book |last=Bew |first=Paul |author-link=Paul Bew, Baron Bew |author2=Gordon Gillespie |title=Northern Ireland : A Chronology of the Troubles, 1968–1993 |year=1993 |publisher= Gill & MacMillan |location= Dublin |isbn= 0-7171-2081-3 |chapter=1968 |page=14 }}</ref>
==SDLP== On 21 August 1970, Cooper co-founded the Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP) with Hume, Paddy Devlin, Austin Currie, Paddy O’Hanlon and Gerry Fitt.<ref name=bbc/><ref>{{cite book |last=Bardon |first=Jonathan |author-link=Jonathan Bardon |title=A History of Ulster |date=December 1992 |publisher=Blackstaff Press |location=Dundonald, Belfast |isbn=0-85640-476-4 |chapter=The O'Neill Era, 1963–1972 |page=679 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.election.demon.co.uk/stormont/biographies.html |title=Biographies of Members of the Northern Ireland House of Commons |access-date=5 July 2007 |last=Boothroyd |first=David }}</ref>
Cooper organised a civil rights and anti-internment march for 30 January 1972, which was to develop into Bloody Sunday, in which fourteen unarmed civilians were murdered by soldiers from the Parachute Regiment on duty in Derry, who opened fire on the crowd.<ref name=BBCObit/>
After the abolition of the Stormont Parliament, Cooper was elected as one of the representatives of Mid Ulster to the Northern Ireland Assembly, 1973 and the Northern Ireland Constitutional Convention in 1975. He was also the SDLP's candidate in the constituency in both the February 1974 and October 1974 Westminster elections.
In 1983, Cooper stood aside after the boundary changes for the new Foyle constituency to let his colleague and friend John Hume contest the seat. The increase in levels of violence intertwined with the politics made Cooper slowly move away from politics. He was later an insolvency consultant.<ref name=bbc />
==Legacy== Attempting to rise above sectarian politics, he remained hopeful that both Catholics and Protestants could work together, particularly the working classes of both groups, who he believed shared the same greater interests. His nationalist stance, however, led many fellow Protestants to view him as a traitor.<ref name=bbc>{{cite web |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/northern_ireland/1791090.stm |title=Bloody Sunday leader finds faith in film |access-date=5 July 2007 |date=30 January 2002 |publisher=BBC News }}</ref> Cooper nonetheless remained a practising member of the Church of Ireland.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2019/jul/01/ivan-cooper-obituary|title=Ivan Cooper obituary|work=The Guardian|first=Chris|last=Ryder|date=1 July 2019|access-date=3 August 2019}}</ref>
A film released in 2002, called ''Bloody Sunday'', saw Cooper portrayed by actor James Nesbitt.<ref name=bbc/>
==References== {{Reflist}}
{{s-start}} {{s-par|ni}} {{s-bef | before = Patrick Gormley }} {{s-ttl | title = Member of Parliament for Mid Londonderry | years = 1969–1973 }} {{s-non|reason=Parliament abolished}} {{s-par|ni/ass73}} {{s-new | assembly}} {{s-ttl | title = Assembly Member for Mid-Ulster | years = 1973–1974 }} {{s-non | reason = Assembly abolished }} {{s-par|ni/cc}} {{s-new | Convention}} {{s-ttl | title = Member for Mid-Ulster | years = 1975–1976 }} {{s-non | reason = Convention dissolved }} {{s-end}}
{{Northern Ireland Executive 1974}} {{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Cooper, Ivan}} Category:1944 births Category:2019 deaths Category:Anglicans from Northern Ireland Category:Junior ministers of the 1974 Northern Ireland Assembly Category:Members of the House of Commons of Northern Ireland 1969–1973 Category:Members of the House of Commons of Northern Ireland for County Londonderry constituencies Category:Members of the Northern Ireland Assembly 1973–1974 Category:Members of the Northern Ireland Constitutional Convention Category:Politicians from County Londonderry Category:Protestant Irish nationalists Category:Social Democratic and Labour Party members of the House of Commons of Northern Ireland Category:Socialists from Northern Ireland