Itene language

{{Short description|Chapacuran language of Bolivia}} {{distinguish|Mooré|Mure language}} {{Infobox language | name = Itene | altname = Moré | region = Beni Department | speakers = 45 | date = 2012–2020 | ref = e25 | familycolor = American | fam1 = Chapacuran | fam2 = Moré languages | dia1 = Itoreauhip | nation = {{flag|Bolivia}} | iso3 = ite | glotto = iten1243 | glottorefname = Itene | states = Bolivia | map2 = Lang Status 20-CR.svg | mapcaption2 = {{center|Moré is classified as Critically Endangered by the UNESCO ''Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger''.}} }}

'''Itene''' (Moré) is a Chapacuran language of Bolivia, spoken by 21 people in 1995.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Angenot |first=Geralda de Lima Vitor |date=2013-08-23 |title=FONOTÁTICA E FONOLOGIA DO LEXEMA PROTOCHAPAKURA |url=https://periodicos.unir.br/index.php/linguaviva/article/view/714 |journal=Revista Eletrônica Língua Viva |language=pt-BR |volume=3 |issue=1 |issn=2237-9800}}</ref> Itoreauhip is a dialect.

== Phonology ==

=== Consonants === {|class="wikitable notatypo" style="text-align:center" ! colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ! colspan="2" | Labial ! colspan="2" | Alveolar ! rowspan="2" |Post- alveolar ! rowspan="2" |Palatal ! rowspan="2" | Velar ! rowspan="2" | Glottal |- !plain !lab. !plain !pal. |- ! rowspan="3" |Plosive !voiceless |p |pʷ̥ |t |tʲ̥ |t̠̻ |(c) |k |ʔ |- !preglottal |ˀ͡ᵖp |ˀ͡ᵖʷ̥pʷ̥ |ˀ͡ᵗt | ˀ͡ᵗʲtʲ̥ | | |ˀ͡ᵏk | |- !bilabial postvibrant | | |t𐞄̥ | | | | | |- ! rowspan="3" |Nasal !voiced |m |mʷ | n | | |ɲ | | |- !preglottal |ˀ͡ᵐ̥m |ˀ͡ᵐ̥ʷ̥mʷ |ˀ͡ⁿ̥n | | |ˀ͡ᶮ̥ɲ | | |- !glottalized |mˀ͡ᵐ̥ | |nˀ͡ⁿ̥ | | |ɲˀ͡ᶮ̥ | | |- ! colspan="2" |Fricative |β | |s | |ʒ̟ | | | |- ! rowspan="3" |Approximant !plain |w | | | | |j | |h |- !preglottal |ˀ͡ʷ̥w | | | | |ˀ͡ʲ̥j | | |- !glottalized |wˀ͡ʷ̥ | | | | |jˀ͡ʲ̥ | | |}

* All plosives are realized as unreleased {{IPA|[C̚]}} word-finally. * {{IPA|/p/}} is heard as {{IPA|[ɸ]}} in initial position before {{IPA|/u/}}. * {{IPA|/t/}} can be heard as a tap {{IPA|[ɾ]}} between vowels. * {{IPA|/k/}} is palatalized to {{IPA|[c]}} when following {{IPA|/i/}}, and as {{IPA|[cᶜ̧]}} when preceding {{IPA|/i/}} in initial position. * {{IPA|/k/}} and {{IPA|/ˀ͡ᵏk/}} are heard as {{IPA|[kˣ]}} and {{IPA|[ˀ͡ᵏkˣ]}} when in initial position in free variation. * {{IPA|/tʲ̥/}} and {{IPA|/ˀ͡ᵗʲtʲ̥/}} are heard as post-fricativized {{IPA|[t̠ᶴ]}} and {{IPA|[ˀ͡ᵗt̠ᶴ]}} when in initial positions. * {{IPA|/ʒ̟/}} is heard as a lateral {{IPA|[ɮ]}} in word-final position. * {{IPA|/w/}} is heard as {{IPA|[β]}} when after {{IPA|/ɛ/}}. * {{IPA|/t/}} and {{IPA|/s/}} lose their phonemic contrast in the coda position, being neutralized to {{IPA|[t̚]}}.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Angenot-de-Lima |first=Geralda |url=https://etnolinguistica.wdfiles.com/local--files/tese:lima-2002/lima_2002_tomo1.pdf |title=Description Phonologique, Grammaticale et Lexicale du Moré, Langue Amazonienne de Bolivie et du Brésil |publisher=Rijksuniversiteit te Leiden dissertation |year=2002 |volume=1 |pages=67}}</ref>

=== Vowels === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! !Front !Back |- !High |i |u |- !Mid |ɛ |ɔ |- !Low |a | |} {| class="wikitable" |+ !Phoneme/Phone !Allophones !Rules |- | rowspan="5" |/i/ [i] |[ɪ̆] |/__$ˈ |- |[ʉ̞̆] |_Cʷ_ |- |[ʉ] |ˈ_Cʷ_ |- |[iː] |/ˈC__$ |- |[i] |elsewhere |- | rowspan="7" |/ɛ/ [ɛ] |[ə̆] |/__$ˈ |- |[ə] |/__C$ |- |[əː] |/ˈC__$ |- |[ɵ] |_Cʷ_ |- |[ɛ̆] |/__$ˈC |- |[ɛː] |/ˈʔ__$ |- |[ɛ] |elsewhere |- | rowspan="3" |/a/ [a] |[ɐ̆] |/__$ˈ |- |[aː] |/ˈC__$ |- |[a] |elsewhere |- | rowspan="3" |/ɔ/ [ɔ] |[ɔ̆] |/__$ˈ |- |[ɔː] |/ˈC__$ |- |[ɔ] |elsewhere |- | rowspan="3" |/u/ [u] |[ʊ̆] |/__$ˈ |- |[uː] |/ˈC__$ |- |[u] |elsewhere |}

==See also== * Wariʼ language, the only vibrant language in the same language family, spoken in Rondônia, Brazil

==References== {{Reflist}}

Category:Chapacuran languages Category:Endangered Chapacuran languages