{{Short description|Epithet of the Greek goddess Athena}} thumb|Ancient Greek coin with Athena Itonia on the reverse. '''Itonia''', '''Itonias''' or '''Itonis''' (Gr. '''{{lang|grc|Ἰτωνία}}''', '''{{lang|grc|Ἰτωνίας}}''' or '''{{lang|grc|Ἰτωνίς}}''') was an epithet of the Greek goddess Athena worshiped widely in Thessaly and elsewhere.<ref name="DGRBM">{{Cite book | last = Schmitz | first = Leonhard | contribution = Itonia | editor-last = Smith | editor-first = William | title = Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology | volume = 2 | pages = 634 | place = Boston | year = 1867 | contribution-url = http://www.ancientlibrary.com/smith-bio/1742.html }}</ref> The name was derived from the town of Iton in the south of Phthiotis.<ref>Plutarch, ''Life of Pyrrhus'' 26</ref><ref>Polybius, iv. 25</ref><ref>Stephanus of Byzantium ''s.v.''</ref><ref>Scholiast ''ad Apoll. Rhod.'' i. 551, ''ad Callim''. Hymn, in Cer. 75</ref>
The cult for ''Athena Itonia'' associated Athena in some mystical manner with the god of the lower world who is called Hades by Strabo, but in Pausanias, who must be speaking of the same cult, is called Zeus.<ref>Strabo, ''Geographica'' ix. p. 435</ref><ref>Pausanias, ''Description of Greece'' i. 13. § 2</ref> It may be that ''Athena Itonia'' had something of the character which in her primitive worship she had at Athens, and that she was a goddess who fostered the growths of the earth and who therefore had some affinity to the Chthonic deities.<ref name="cults"/>
In Iton there was a celebrated sanctuary and festivals for this cult, and is hence also called ''incola Itoni'' ("resident of Iton").<ref>Catullus, ''Epithal. P. et Th.'' 228</ref> From Iton her worship spread into Boeotia, where she was the chief deity of war,<ref name="cults"/> and the country about Lake Copais. In her temple between Pherae and Larissa were hung the shields won from the Gauls in the last victory of Greece over barbarism, although a fragment from Bacchylides indicates that ''Athena Itonia'' was not only a war goddess, but a goddess of the arts of peace, especially poetry.<ref name="cults"/>
The temple of ''Athena Itonia'' in Coronea was the meeting-place of the Panboeotian Confederacy, and where the Pamboeotia was celebrated, in the neighborhood of a grove of Athena.<ref name="ReferenceA">Pausanias, ''Description of Greece'' ix. 34. § 1</ref><ref>Plutarch, ''Amat. Narr.'' 4</ref> Other writers report the cult of ''Athena Itonia'' was also found at Athens and Amorgos, and a cult festival in Crannon.<ref name="cults">{{cite book | last = Farnell | first = Lewis Richard | title = The Cults of the Greek States | publisher = Clarendon Press | year = 1896 | location = Oxford | pages = [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_LD876SQgGkIC/page/n333 301] | url = https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_LD876SQgGkIC }}</ref>
According to another tradition, Athena received the epithet of Itonia from Itonus, a king or priest.<ref name="ReferenceA"/><ref>Scholiast ''ad Apoll. Rhod.'' i. 721</ref>
==References== {{Reflist|2}}
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Category:Epithets of Athena Category:Chthonic beings Category:Peace goddesses