Isocetane

{{Chembox | Verifiedfields = changed | Watchedfields = changed | verifiedrevid = 422182700 | ImageFile = Isocetane.png | ImageFile_Ref = {{chemboximage|correct|??}} | ImageSize = 160 | ImageName = Skeletal formula of icocetane | IUPACName = 2,2,4,4,6,8,8-Heptamethylnonane<ref>{{Cite web|title=2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptamethylnonane - Compound Summary|url=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/20414|work=PubChem Compound|publisher=National Center for Biotechnology Information|access-date=12 March 2012|location=USA|date=26 March 2005|at=Identification and Related Records|archive-date=30 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131030081219/http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=20414&loc=ec_rcs|url-status=live}}</ref> |Section1={{Chembox Identifiers | CASNo = 4390-04-9 | CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}} | PubChem = 20414 | ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|changed|EBI}} | ChEBI = 131383 | ChemSpiderID = 19228 | ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} | UNII = 8LP0677305 | UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}} | EINECS = 224-506-8 | MeSHName = 2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptamethylnonane | SMILES = C(C)(C)CC(C)CC(C)(C)CC(C)(C)C | StdInChI = 1S/C16H34/c1-13(10-14(2,3)4)11-16(8,9)12-15(5,6)7/h13H,10-12H2,1-9H3 | StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} | StdInChIKey = VCLJODPNBNEBKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N | StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} }} |Section2={{Chembox Properties | C=16 | H=34 | Appearance = Colourless liquid | Odor = Odourless | Density = 793 mg mL−1 | BoilingPtK = 513.2 | VaporPressure = 130 Pa (at 20 °C) | RefractIndex = 1.439 }} |Section3={{Chembox Thermochemistry | HeatCapacity = 458.80 J K−1 mol−1 }} |Section4={{Chembox Hazards | FlashPtC = 96.00 }} |Section5={{Chembox Related | OtherFunction_label = alkanes | OtherFunction = {{Unbulleted list|2,3-Dimethylhexane|2,5-Dimethylhexane|Pristane}} }} }} '''Isocetane''' (2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptamethylnonane) is a highly branched alkane used as a reference in determining the cetane number of diesel. It has a cetane number of 15.<ref name="Speight2015">{{Cite book |last=Speight |first=James G. |title=Handbook of Petroleum Product Analysis. |publisher=Wiley |year=2015 |isbn=978-1-322-95015-0 |location=Hoboken, NJ |pages=158–159 |oclc=903318141}}</ref> Isocetane replaced 1-methylnaphthalene in 1962 as the lower reference for cetane number (1-methylnaphthalene has cetane number zero) owing to the oxidation instability and difficulty of use of 1-methylnaphthalene in the reference engine.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.sizes.com/units/cetane_number.htm |title=Cetane number |access-date=2007-03-01 |archive-date=2014-03-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140312224837/http://www.sizes.com/units/cetane_number.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Hannu">{{Cite tech report|first=Hannu|last=Jääskeläinen|title=Fuel Property Testing: Ignition Quality|year=2007|publisher=ECOpoint Inc.|work=DieselNet Technology Guide|url=https://dieselnet.com/tech/fuel_diesel_ignition.php|access-date=2021-02-24|archive-date=2019-06-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190626204319/https://www.dieselnet.com/tech/fuel_diesel_ignition.php|url-status=live}}</ref>

Strictly speaking, if the standard meaning of ‘iso’ is followed, the name ''isocetane'' should be reserved for the isomer 2-methylpentadecane. However, 2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptamethylnonane is by far the most important isomer of cetane and so, historically, it has ended up with this name.

==References== {{Reflist}}

Category:Alkanes