{{Short description|Family of corals}} {{Automatic taxobox | fossil_range = | image = Isis hippuris 159924266.jpg | taxon = Isididae | authority = Lamouroux, 1812<ref>{{Cite WoRMS|title=Isididae Lamouroux, 1812|id=125276|access-date=2025-08-03}}</ref> | subdivision = See text }}
'''''Isididae''''' is a family of octocorals belonging to the order Malacalcyonacea and formerly to the order Calcaxonia. Currently, the family only includes the genera ''Isis'', ''Hicksonella'' and ''Rumphella''.<ref name="Rev"/>
Prior to 2021/2016, the family Isididae included the genus ''Isis'' plus all the genera of the current families Chelidonisididae, Keratoisididae and Mopseidae, while the genera ''Hicksonella'' and ''Rumphella'' were included in the family Gorgoniidae in the former order Holaxonia.<ref name="Rev">{{Cite journal |last1=McFadden |first1=Catherine S. |last2=Ofwegen |first2=Leen P. van |last3=Quattrini |first3=Andrea M. |date=14 October 2022 |title=Revisionary systematics of Octocorallia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) guided by phylogenomics |url=https://ssbbulletin.org/index.php/bssb/article/view/8735 |journal=Bulletin of the Society of Systematic Biologists |language=en |volume=1 |issue=3 |doi=10.18061/bssb.v1i3.8735 |issn=2768-0819|doi-access=free }}</ref>
==Recent history of the classification of Isididae== In the late 20th and early 21st century, the family Isididae (i. e. Isididae ''sensu lato'' or "in the broad sense")<ref name="Sau2021"/> consisted of the following subfamilies: * '''Isidinae''' (containing only the genera ''Isis'' and ''Chelidonisis''); * Muricellisidinae (containing only the genus ''Murcellisis''), which was sometimes included in Isidinae; * Keratoisidinae; * Mopseinae, from which a separate subfamily Peltastisidinae was separated by some texts in the 1976 - 1996 period; * Circinisidinae.
The vernacular name of Isididae ''sensu lato'' is bamboo coral.<ref name="Sau2021"/><ref> [https://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/izg/OCTOCLASS.htm SYSTEMATIC LIST OF VALID OCTOCORAL GENERA compiled by Gary C. Williams and Stephen D. Cairns, 2001-2019 (last revised 4 February 2019)], accessed: 2025-07-31</ref><ref>GRANT, Ralph. [https://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/380147.pdf The Marine Fauna of New Zealand: Isididae (Octocorallia : Gorgonacea) from New Zealand and the Antarctic.] New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir 66. 1976 </ref><ref>BAYER, F. M. [https://scispace.com/pdf/key-to-the-genera-of-octocorallia-exclusive-of-pennatulacea-66gf6x1pmd.pdf Key to the genera of Octocorallia exclusive of Pennatulaceae ...] PROC. BIOL. SOC. WASH. 94(3), 1981. pp. 902-947 </ref><ref>WATLING, L. et al. [https://books.google.com/books?id=25ii0QhvOoYC&pg=PA74&dq=Mopseinae&hl=sk&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiSw4eI3-aOAxVfAtsEHYnRG64Q6AF6BAgGEAM#v=onepage&q=Mopseinae&f=false Biology of Deep-Water Octocorals. in: LESSER, M. (ed.)] Advances in Marine Biology. vol. 60. pp. 74-77 </ref>
In 2016, it was proposed that the above subfamilies be elevated to the following families: * Isididae ''sensu stricto'' or "in the stricter sense" (containing only the genus ''Isis''), * Keratoisididae, * Mopseidae * Circinisidae. The genera ''Chelidonisis'' and ''Murcellisis'' were deliberately not included in Isididae ''sensu stricto'', with ''Chelidonisis'' now being left unassigned to a family and ''Murcellisis'' being considered ''incertae sedis'' within Octocorallia, with an unclear relationship.<ref>Saucier, Esprit Heestand. [https://www.proquest.com/openview/355518a6d26758ad2029d6bbcd1df84e/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750 Phylogenetic Studies of the Deep-Sea Bamboo Corals (Octocorallia: Isididae: Keratoisidinae).] University of Louisiana at Lafayette, 2016. mainly p. 187 </ref>
In 2021, the 2016 proposal was partly modified, yielding the following currently accepted families:<ref name="Sau2021">Heestand Saucier, Esprit & France, Scott & Watling, Les. (2021). [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/354964786 Toward a revision of the bamboo corals: Part 3, deconstructing the Family Isididae.] Zootaxa. 5047. 247-272.</ref> * Isididae ''sensu stricto'' (containing only the genus ''Isis'') [corresponds to former Isidinae minus ''Chelidonisis''] * Chelidonisididae (containing only the genus ''Chelidonisis'') * Keratoisididae [corresponds to former Keratoisidinae] * Mopseidae [corresponds to former Mopseinae and Circisidinae]. The Muricellisidinae were removed in this new system, because in 2020, the genus ''Mucellisis'' (and thus also the subfamily Muricellisidinae) was found not to exist, given that the only two species it consisted of actually belong to the genera ''Anthothela'' (in the family Anthothelidae) and ''Melitheae'' (in the family Melithaeidae), and thus were moved to these genera.<ref>Watling, L. (2020) Toward a revision of the bamboo corals: Part 1, species in the Muricellisidinae (Octocorallia: Isididae). Zootaxa, 4881 (2), 361–371. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4881.2.9</ref><ref>McFadden, C.S.; Cordeiro, R.; Samimi-Namin, K.; Williams, G.; van Ofwegen, L. (2025). World List of Octocorallia. Muricellisis Kükenthal, 1915. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=267603 on 2025-07-3</ref>
In 2022, the genera ''Hicksonella'' and ''Rumphella'', which until then had been included in the family Gorgoniidae in the former order Holaxonia, were moved to Isididae ''sensu stricto''. Therefore, the family Isididae (i. e. Isididae ''sensu stricto'') currently contains only the genera ''Isis'', ''Hicksonella'' and ''Rumphella''.<ref name="Rev"/><ref>McFadden, C.S.; Cordeiro, R.; Samimi-Namin, K.; Williams, G.; van Ofwegen, L. (2025). World List of Octocorallia. Isididae Lamouroux, 1812. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=125276 on 2025-07-31</ref>
The following cladogram is based on a maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree, using samples of Ultra-Conserved Elements (UCE) and Exonloci, from a study by McFadden, Ofwegen, Quattrini (2022),<ref name="Rev"/> with the taxa historically placed within Isididae being '''bold'''ed: {{clade |label1=Octocorallia |1={{clade |label1=Scleralcyonacea |1={{clade |1={{clade |1={{clade |1=Pennatuloidea |2=Ellisellidae }} |2={{clade |1={{clade |1={{clade |1=Coralliidae |2={{clade |1={{clade |1={{clade |1={{clade |1=Sarcodictyonidae |2={{clade |1={{clade |1=Briareidae |2=Spongiodermidae }} |2=Ideogorgiidae }} }} |2=Erythropodiidae }} |2=Parisididae }} |2=Parasphaerascleridae }} }} |2='''Chelidonisididae''' }} |2={{clade |1={{clade |1={{clade |1={{clade |1={{clade |1=Chrysogorgiidae |2=Primnoidae }} |2={{clade |1='''Keratoisididae''' |2=Isidoidae }} }} |2='''Mopseidae''' }} |2=Ifalukellidae }} |2={{clade |1={{clade |1=Helioporidae }} |2={{clade |1=Dendrobrachiidae }} }} }} }} }} |2=Comulariidae }} |label2=Malacalcyonacea |2={{clade |1=Clavulariidae |2={{clade |1={{clade |1=Acrossotidae |2={{clade |1=Arulidae |2=Tubiporidae }} }} |2={{clade |1=OCT041 ''Clavularia cf. virida'' |2={{clade |1={{clade |1={{clade |1={{clade |1={{clade |1=Incrustatidae |2={{clade |1=Malacacanthidae |2=Rosgorgiidae }} }} |2=Nidaliidae }} |2=Siphonogorgiidae }} |2={{clade |1=Melithaeidae |2=Cerveridae }} }} |2={{clade |1={{clade |1={{clade |1=Alcyoniidae |2={{clade |1=Carijoidae |2=Acanthoaxiidae }} }} |2={{clade |1=Sarcophytidae |2=OCT044 stoloniferan sp. nov. 3K }} }} |2={{clade |1={{clade |1={{clade |1=Sinulariidae |2=Nephthylgorgiidae }} |2=Aquaumbridae }} |2={{clade |1={{clade |1={{clade |1={{clade |1={{clade |1={{clade |1=Acrophytidae |2={{clade |1=Leptophytidae |2=Corymbophytidae }} }} |2=Pseudonephtheidae }} |2=Skamnariidae }} |2=Victorgorgiidae }} |2={{clade |1=Nephtheidae |2={{clade |1=Capnellidae |2=Paralcyoniidae }} }} }} |2={{clade |1=Subergorgiidae |2={{clade |1={{clade |1=Cladiellidae |2={{clade |1={{clade |1=Coelogorgiidae |2=Xeniidae }} |2=Lemnaliidae }} }} |2={{clade |1={{clade |1=Plexauridae |2=Pterogorgiidae }} |2={{clade |1='''Isididae''' |2={{clade |1=Discophytidae |2={{clade |1={{clade |1={{clade |1={{clade |1=Talaroidae |2=Keroeididae }} |2=Astrogorgiidae }} |2={{clade |1=Paramuriceidae |2=Euplexauridae }} }} |2={{clade |1=Eunicellidae |2={{clade |1={{clade |1=Anthogorgiidae |2=Scleracidae }} |2={{clade |1=Plexaurellidae |2=Gorgoniidae }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} ==References== {{Reflist}}
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Category:Isididae Category:Calcaxonia Category:Octocorallia