{{Infobox film | name = 1945–1998 | image = 1945-1998 at the UN.jpg | alt = The piece on display at the United Nations headquarters | caption = The piece on display at the United Nations headquarters | based_on = {{Based on|[https://www.osti.gov/etdeweb/servlets/purl/20116443 ''Nuclear Explosions 1945-1998'']|Nils-Olov Bergkvist|Ragnhild Ferm}} | producer = Isao Hashimoto | released = {{Film date|2003}} | runtime = 14 minutes | country = Japan | language = English }} '''''1945–1998''''' is a piece created by Isao Hashimoto showing a time-lapse of every nuclear explosion between 1945 and 1998.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Stahler |first1=Kevin |title=Hashimoto's Visual History of the Nuclear Era |url=https://www.piie.com/blogs/north-korea-witness-transformation/hashimotos-visual-history-nuclear-era?p=11471 |website=pile.com |publisher=Peterson Institute for International Economics |access-date=3 March 2023}}</ref><ref name=Bulletin>{{cite web |last1=Kutchesfahani |first1=Sara |title=Trump apparently wants a nuclear test. It could be bad for your health. |url=https://thebulletin.org/2020/06/trump-apparently-wants-a-nuclear-test-it-could-be-bad-for-your-health/ |website=thebulletin.org |date=5 June 2020 |publisher=Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists |access-date=3 March 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Sorkin |first1=Amy |title=Close Look: A Flash in the Desert |url=https://www.newyorker.com/news/amy-davidson/close-look-a-flash-in-the-desert |magazine=The New Yorker |date=5 August 2010 |access-date=3 March 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Quiqley |first1=Robert |title=A Time-Lapse Map of Every Nuclear Explosion Since 1945 (Minus North Korea's) |url=https://www.themarysue.com/every-nuclear-explosion-time-lapse/ |website=themarysue.com |date=8 July 2010 |publisher=The Mary Sue |access-date=3 March 2023}}</ref>

== Contents == The piece begins with the USA's Trinity test followed by the two atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The United States conducts several nuclear tests after the war. The Soviet Union and United Kingdom then gain nuclear weapons, increasing the number of explosions.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Kelley |first1=Michael |title=MAP OF THE DAY: The Other 2000 Nuclear Tests |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/map-of-the-day-the-other-2000-nuclear-tests-2013-2 |website=businessinsider.com |publisher=Business Insider |access-date=3 March 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Geere |first1=Duncan |title=Japanese artist maps 1945-1998's nuclear explosions |url=https://www.wired.co.uk/article/japanese-artist-nuclear-weapons |website=wired.co.uk |publisher=Wired |access-date=3 March 2023}}</ref> The piece continues until it gets to Pakistan's first nuclear test in 1998.<ref name=OC>{{cite web |title=53 Years of Nuclear Testing in 14 Minutes: A Time Lapse Film by Japanese Artist Isao Hashimoto |url=https://www.openculture.com/2019/05/53-years-of-nuclear-testing-in-14-minutes-a-time-lapse.html |website=openculture.com |publisher=Open Culture |access-date=3 March 2023}}</ref> The total number of weapons detonated is 2053.<ref>{{cite web |title=THE HIROSHIMA AND NAGASAKI ANNIVERSARIES |url=https://www.ctbto.org/news-and-events/news/hiroshima-and-nagasaki-anniversaries |website=ctbto.org |publisher=CTBTO |access-date=3 March 2023}}</ref>

The piece uses sound and light to startle the viewer.<ref>{{cite web |title=DATA AS STORIES |url=https://hh2021.amason.sites.carleton.edu/uncategorized/data-as-stories/ |website=hh2021.amazon.sites.carleton.edu |date=27 January 2021 |publisher=HACKING THE HUMANITIES 2021 |access-date=3 March 2023}}</ref> Months (measured in seconds) and years are each represented by a sound.<ref name="NuclearWorld">{{cite web |title=Nuclear Explosions – "1945-1998" by Isao Hashimoto |url=https://www.thenuclearworld.org/nuclear-explosions-1945-1998-by-isao-hashimoto |website=thenuclearworld.org |publisher=The Nuclear World Project |access-date=3 March 2023}}</ref> When a nuclear explosion occurs, a musical sound plays.<ref name="TAC">{{cite web |title=Using Visual and Auditory Art to Convey the Scale of Nuclear Arms |url=https://www.arithmeticofcompassion.org/blog/isao-hashimoto |website=arithmericofcompassion.org |date=20 December 2019 |publisher=The Arithmetic of Compassion |access-date=3 March 2023}}</ref> Different countries have different tones, which sometimes results in a polyphonic composition,<ref name=TAC /> overwhelming the viewer.

== Reception == The piece is generally well received. The piece is praised for conveying the costs a nuclear war would cause.<ref name=Bulletin /> The piece has been described as "eerie",<ref name=OC /> "scary",<ref>{{cite web |title="A TIME-LAPSE MAP OF EVERY NUCLEAR EXPLOSION SINCE 1945 BY ISAO HASHIMOTO" YOUTUBE |url=https://www.sustainablepractice.org/tag/scary-time/ |website=sustainablepractice.org |date=7 January 2012 |publisher=Sustainable Practice |access-date=3 March 2023}}</ref> and "terrifying".<ref>{{cite web |title=Isao Hashimoto: Time-Lapse Video of All Nuclear Explosions on Earth, 1945-1998 |url=https://hokuhouse.com/isao-hashimoto-nukes/ |website=hokuhouse.com |publisher=Hoku House |access-date=3 March 2023}}</ref>

== References == {{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:1945-1998}} Category:Nuclear weapons Category:Nuclear warfare