{{short description|Head of government of Iran}} {{About||the list|List of presidents of Iran}} {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2026}} {{Infobox official post | post = President | body = the<br />Islamic Republic of Iran | native_name = {{native name|fa|رئیس جمهور ایران}} | insignia = President of Iran logo.svg{{!}}class=skin-invert | insigniasize = | insigniacaption = Emblem | insigniaalt = | flagsize = 144 | flagalt = | flagborder = yes | flagcaption = [[Flag of Iran]] | image = Masoud Pezeshkian 2025 (cropped).jpg | imagesize = 200px | alt = | imagecaption = Masoud in kazan 2024 | incumbent = [[Masoud Pezeshkian]] | acting = | incumbentsince = 28 July 2024 | department = [[Presidential Administration of Iran|Presidential Administration]] | style = [[President (government title)|Mr. President]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://tehran.embassy.qa/en/news/detail/2020/01/13/hh-the-amir-president-of-iran-give-joint-press-statements |title=HH The Amir, President of Iran Give Joint Press Statements |publisher=Qatar Embassy in London |date=12 January 2020 |access-date=29 May 2020 |archive-date=6 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806142315/http://tehran.embassy.qa/en/news/detail/2020/01/13/hh-the-amir-president-of-iran-give-joint-press-statements |url-status=live }}</ref> | type = [[Head of state]]<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.un.org/dgacm/sites/www.un.org.dgacm/files/Documents_Protocol/hspmfmlist.pdf |title=Heads of State, Heads of Government, and Ministers for Foreign Affairs |publisher=United Nations|access-date=8 April 2023}}</ref><ref>https://www.unitedagainstnucleariran.com/supreme-leader/background-role-of-supreme-leader</ref><br />[[Head of government]]<br />Acting Head of the Executive Branch{{efn|Except in matters directly related to the [[Supreme Leader of Iran|supreme leader]].}}<ref>Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Chapter IX, Article 113</ref><br />[[Deputy]] [[Commander-in-Chief]] [[Islamic Republic of Iran Armed Forces|of the Islamic Republic of Iran Armed Forces]]<br />'''Historical:''' [[Commander-in-Chief of the Iranian Armed Forces]] (1980–1981) | status = Second-highest ranking official{{efn|Ranked after the [[Supreme Leader of Iran|supreme leader]].}} | abbreviation = | member_of = {{ubl|[[Cabinet of Iran|Cabinet]]|[[Supreme Council of the Cultural Revolution]] (Chairman)|[[Expediency Discernment Council]]|[[Supreme National Security Council]] (Chairman)|[[Supreme Council of Cyberspace (Iran)|Supreme Council of Cyberspace]] (Chairman)}} | reports_to = | residence = [[Sa'dabad Complex]] | seat = [[Presidential Administration of Iran|Presidential Administration]] building, [[Pasteur Street]], [[Tehran]] | nominator = | appointer = [[Direct election|Direct vote]] | appointer_qualified = | termlength = 4 years, renewable once consecutively | termlength_qualified = | constituting_instrument = | precursor = | formation = {{start date and age|1980|2|4|df=y}} | first = [[Abolhassan Banisadr]] | last = | abolished = | superseded_by = | succession = | unofficial_names = | deputy = [[Vice presidents of Iran|First Vice President]] | salary = | website = {{URL|http://www.president.ir/|Official website}} | footnotes = {{Notelist}} | flag = Flag of Iran.svg }} The '''president of the Islamic Republic of Iran'''{{efn|{{langx|fa|رئیسجمهور ایران|Rais Jomhur-e Irân}}}} is the [[head of government]] and the second-highest ranking official of [[Iran]], after the [[Supreme Leader of Iran|supreme leader]]. While the president is also Iran's [[head of state]], the system of government of the [[Islamic Revolution]] provides that the president must perform his functions in conformity with the directives of the supreme leader, who is the highest political and religious authority in the country.
The office was established after the adoption of the [[Constitution of Iran|new constitution]] following the [[Iranian Revolution]] of 1979. The [[1980 Iranian presidential election|first presidential election]] was held in 1980. The president is the second in command of the [[executive branch]] of [[Government of Iran|government]] after the supreme leader, and chairperson of the [[Cabinet of Iran|cabinet]], and is responsible for the day-to-day administration of the government. The president answers to the supreme leader and executes his [[decree]]s.
The president appoints the ministers, subject to the approval of Parliament and the supreme leader, who can dismiss or reinstate any of the ministers and [[Vice presidents of Iran|vice presidents]] at any time. The president issues decrees, sends and receives foreign ambassadors, signs referendum results and legislation approved by parliament and the judiciary, and signs treaties, protocols, contracts, after parliamentary approval. The president is listed in the United Nations' "Heads of State, Heads of Government" as the country's head of state, rather than its supreme leader.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.un.org/dgacm/sites/www.un.org.dgacm/files/Documents_Protocol/hspmfmlist.pdf |title=Heads of State, Heads of Government, and Ministers for Foreign Affairs |publisher=United Nations|access-date=8 April 2023}}</ref>
The president is elected for a four-year term in a national [[election]] by [[universal adult suffrage]] by Iranians of at least 18 years of age, and can only be reelected once if in a consecutive manner. Candidates for the presidency must be approved by the [[Guardian Council]]. [[Masoud Pezeshkian]] is currently the president of Iran, after being elected in the [[2024 Iranian presidential election]] and being officially endorsed by the supreme leader.
==History== {{Main|List of presidents of Iran}}
{{Politics of Iran}} [[File:President Khamenei visit an Iran-Iraq war battlefield.jpg|thumb|President [[Ali Khamenei]] visiting a battlefield during the [[Iran–Iraq War]], August 1988]] After the [[Iranian Revolution]] of early 1979 and then the [[1979 Iranian Islamic Republic referendum|Iranian Islamic Republic referendum]] in March, the new government needed to craft a new constitution. The religious leader [[Ruhollah Khomeini]] ordered an election for the [[Assembly of Experts]], the body tasked with writing the constitution. The assembly presented the constitution on 24 October 1979, and Khomeini and Prime Minister [[Mehdi Bazargan]] approved it.<ref name="Tauris-1997-19-23">{{cite book |author=Asghar Schirazi |title=The Constitution of Iran: Politics and the State in the Islamic Republic |date=1997 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |pages=19–23}}</ref>
The 1979 Constitution designated the religious leader as the [[Supreme Leader of Iran|supreme leader of Iran]], with executive power divided between the president, in a largely ceremonial role, and the [[Prime Minister of Iran|prime minister]], holding the real executive power.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Milani |first=Mohsen M. |author-link=Mohsen Milani |date=1993 |title= The evolution of the Iranian presidency: From Bani Sadr to Rafsanjani |journal=British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=91 }}</ref> Executive power was centralised through [[1989 Iranian constitutional referendum|amendment of the constitution]] in 1989, with the post of prime minister being abolished and all his powers transferred to the president.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Milani |first=Mohsen M. |author-link=Mohsen Milani |date=1993 |title= The evolution of the Iranian presidency: From Bani Sadr to Rafsanjani |journal=British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=95 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=9 June 2009 |title=Presidential Power in Iran |url=https://www.cfr.org/backgrounders/presidential-power-iran |access-date=16 January 2026 |website=Council on Foreign Relations |language=en}}</ref>
The [[1980 Iranian presidential election|first Iranian presidential election]] was held in January 1980, and resulted in the election of [[Abolhassan Banisadr]] with 76% of the votes. Banisadr was impeached in June 1981, by [[Parliament of Iran|Parliament]].<ref>{{cite news |date=9 October 2021 |title=Banisadr, Iran's First President After the 1979 Revolution, Dies |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-10-09/banisadr-iran-s-first-president-after-1979-revolution-dies |accessdate=9 October 2021 |newspaper=Bloomberg.com |publisher=Bloomberg}}</ref> Until the [[July 1981 Iranian presidential election|early election in July 1981]], the duties of the president were undertaken by the Provisional Presidential Council.<ref>{{Cite web |title=More than 60 candidates for Iran's presidency were rejected... - UPI Archives |url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1981/07/14/More-than-60-candidates-for-Irans-presidency-were-rejected/8096363931200/ |access-date=17 January 2026 |website=UPI |language=en}}</ref> [[Mohammad-Ali Rajai]] was elected president on 24 July 1981, and took office on 2 August. Rajai was in office for less than one month because he and his prime minister [[1981 Iranian Prime Minister's office bombing|were assassinated in a bombing]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |title=Iran's president, foreign minister and others found dead at helicopter crash site, state media says |url=https://apnews.com/article/iran-president-ebrahim-raisi-426c6f4ae2dd1f0801c73875bb696f48 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240520030612/https://apnews.com/article/iran-president-ebrahim-raisi-426c6f4ae2dd1f0801c73875bb696f48 |archive-date=20 May 2024 |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=Associated Press}}</ref>
A Provisional Presidential Council filled the office until 13 October 1981, when [[Ali Khamenei]] was elected president. Khamenei served as president until 1989, when he succeeded Khomeini as the supreme leader of Iran. In 1989, [[Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani]] was elected as the president, and served until 1997. He was succeeded by [[Mohammad Khatami]], who served from 1997 to 2005.<ref name="Slackman">{{cite news |last=Slackman |first=Michael |date=8 September 2006 |title=Behind Ahmadinejad, a Powerful Cleric |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/09/08/world/africa/08iht-khamenei.2748833.html |access-date=11 January 2017 |work=The New York Times}}</ref>
The [[2005 Iranian presidential election|August 2005 election]] resulted in a victory for [[Mahmoud Ahmadinejad]].<ref name="Slackman"/> The [[2009 Iranian presidential election|June 2009 election]] was reported as a victory for Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, the incumbent candidate, although this is greatly disputed by supporters of rival candidates, who noted the statistical anomalies in voting reports and large-scale overvoting in the officially announced tallies.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/meast/06/15/iran.elections.protests/index.html|title=Moussavi vows to 'pay any cost' to fight Iran election results|date=15 June 2009|work=CNN|access-date=22 May 2017|archive-date=11 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191011082807/http://edition.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/meast/06/15/iran.elections.protests/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
[[Hassan Rouhani]] was elected in 2013, and spent eight years in office until 2021.<ref>{{cite web |date=26 January 2024 |title=Iran disqualifies former moderate president from running for reelection to influential assembly |url=https://apnews.com/article/iran-former-president-rouhani-disqualified-election-5185fddef7c631d2dfcabc4b361e75e5 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240126022903/https://apnews.com/article/iran-former-president-rouhani-disqualified-election-5185fddef7c631d2dfcabc4b361e75e5 |archive-date=26 January 2024 |access-date=26 January 2024 |publisher=Associated Press}}</ref> He was succeeded by [[Ebrahim Raisi]]. On 19 May 2024, [[2024 Varzaqan helicopter crash|a helicopter carrying Raisi crashed]] in the East Azerbaijan Province of Iran. There were no survivors at the crash site.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Regencia |first=Ted |title=Rescuers find helicopter of Iran president, foreign minister after crash |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/5/19/iran-helicopter-accident-live-president-fm-on-missing-aircraft |access-date=20 May 2024 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref> Raisi was the second president of Iran to have died in office.<ref name=":0" /> [[Taghi Rahmani]], the husband of detained activist and Nobel laureate [[Narges Mohammadi]], said Raisi's death would not structurally change the Iranian leadership under Khamenei.<ref name=":12">{{Cite news |last=Parent |first=Deepa |date=20 May 2024 |title='People are in no mood to mourn': mixed reactions in Tehran after death of President Ebrahim Raisi |url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/article/2024/may/20/people-are-in-no-mood-to-mourn-mixed-reactions-in-tehran-after-death-of-president-ebrahim-raisi |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240520205135/https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/article/2024/may/20/people-are-in-no-mood-to-mourn-mixed-reactions-in-tehran-after-death-of-president-ebrahim-raisi |archive-date=20 May 2024 |access-date=20 May 2024 |work=The Guardian |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Following his death, first vice president [[Mohammad Mokhber]] was designated as acting president until new elections could be held on 28 June.<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/who-is-mohammad-mokhber-irans-interim-president-2024-05-20/ Who was Mohammad Mokhber, the man set to become Iran's interim president?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240520174626/https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/who-is-mohammad-mokhber-irans-interim-president-2024-05-20/|date=20 May 2024}} Reuters. Retrieved 20 May 2024.</ref> [[Masoud Pezeshkian]] won the presidential runoff election in July 2024<ref name=":02">{{Cite news |title=Pezeshkian To Be Sworn In As Iran's President Early Next Month |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/iran-pezeshkian-inauguration-european-union/33025186.html |access-date=8 July 2024 |work=RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty |language=en}}</ref> and was appointed as the President on 28 July 2024.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |date=28 July 2024 |title=Iran's Khamenei formally grants Masoud Pezeshkian presidential powers |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/irans-khamenei-formally-grants-masoud-pezeshkian-presidential-powers/article68456408.ece |access-date=28 July 2024 |work=Agence France-Presse |publisher=The Hindu |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=28 July 2024 |title=Iran's supreme leader endorses reformist Pezeshkian as new president. He takes oath Tuesday |url=https://apnews.com/article/iran-supreme-leader-endorsement-new-president-khamenei-pezeshkian-a9ecb0eb8e20ed8b92602e5d507fe616 |access-date=15 October 2024 |website=AP News |language=en}}</ref>
==Qualifications and election== Chapter IX of the [[Constitution of Iran]] sets forth the qualifications for presidential candidates. The procedures for presidential election and all other elections in Iran are outlined by the [[Supreme Leader of Iran|supreme leader]].<ref name="Tehran Times">{{Cite news |date=15 October 2016 |title=Leader outlines elections guidelines, calls for transparency |url=http://www.tehrantimes.com/news/407304/Leader-outlines-elections-guidelines-calls-for-transparency |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612143515/http://www.tehrantimes.com/news/407304/Leader-outlines-elections-guidelines-calls-for-transparency |archive-date=12 June 2018 |access-date=21 May 2017 |work=Tehran Times |language=en-US}}</ref> The president of Iran is elected for a four-year term in a national [[election]] by [[universal adult suffrage]] by everyone of at least 18 years of age.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ilna.ir/shownews.asp?code=385408&code1=15 |title=شوراي نگهبان افزايش سن رأيدهندگان از 15 سال به 18 سال را تأييد كرد |website=www.ilna.ir |access-date=17 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070513075645/http://www.ilna.ir/shownews.asp?code=385408&code1=15 |archive-date=13 May 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Presidents can only be reelected once if in a consecutive manner.<ref>{{cite web|title=constitution|url=https://www.wipo.int/edocs/lexdocs/laws/en/ir/ir001en.pdf|website=www.wipo.int|access-date=26 December 2020|publication-date=}}.</ref>
Candidates for the presidency must be approved by the [[Guardian Council]], which is a twelve-member body consisting of six clerics selected directly by the supreme leader (who may also dismiss them and replace them at any time), and six lawyers proposed by the supreme leader–appointed [[Chief Justice of Iran|head of Iran's judicial system]] and subsequently approved by the [[Islamic Consultative Assembly|Majles]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Council of Guardians {{!}} Definition, Role, Selection, & History |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Council-of-Guardians |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210218191957/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Council-of-Guardians |archive-date=18 February 2021 |access-date=17 March 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref><ref name="baz">{{cite news|first=Mohamad|last=Bazzi|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/discussion/2009/06/12/DI2009061202321.html|title=Iran Elections: Latest News|access-date=13 June 2009|newspaper=Washington Post|date=12 June 2009|archive-date=5 December 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101205102852/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/discussion/2009/06/12/DI2009061202321.html|url-status=live}}</ref> According to the Constitution of Iran candidates for the presidency must possess the following qualifications: *Iranian origin; *administrative capacity and resourcefulness; *a good past record; *trustworthiness and piety; and *convinced belief in the fundamental principles of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the official [[madhhab]] of the country.<ref name="Constitution of Iran">[http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/ir00000_.html Constitution of Iran] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180821093931/http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/ir00000_.html |date=21 August 2018 }} Article 115 – Qualifications</ref><ref>{{cite web|title= قانون اساسی جمهوری ملی ایران|url=http://rc.majlis.ir/fa/content/iran_constitution|publisher=Majlis.ir|access-date=30 March 2014|archive-date=4 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170804123552/http://rc.majlis.ir/fa/content/iran_constitution|url-status=live}}</ref>
Within these guidelines the council [[veto]]es candidates who it deems unacceptable. The approval process is considered to be a check on the president's power, and usually amounts to a small number of candidates being approved.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Motamedi |first=Maziar |title=Iran approves 7 for presidential vote; bars reformists |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/5/25/irans-guardian-council-disqualifies-most-presidential-candidates |access-date=17 January 2026 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref> In [[1997 Iranian presidential election|the 1997 election]], for example, only four out of 238 presidential candidates were approved by the council.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20030329100238/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/htmlContent.jhtml?html=%2Farchive%2F1997%2F05%2F24%2Fwiran24.html Calls for reform grow louder as Iran goes to polls] 24 May 1997</ref><ref>[http://www.nationalreview.com/comment/comment-rubin031802.shtml Iran’s Myth of Moderation] 18 March 2002</ref>
Some Western observers have routinely criticized the approvals process as a way for the council and supreme leader to ensure that only conservative and like-minded Islamic fundamentalists can win office.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Wintour |first=Patrick |date=25 May 2021 |title=Iran's leadership accused of fixing presidential election |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/may/25/irans-leadership-accused-of-fixing-presidential-election |access-date=17 January 2026 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> The council denies this, citing approval of [[Iranian reformists]] in several elections. The council rejects most of the candidates stating that they are not "a well-known political figure", a requirement by the current law.{{citation needed|date=October 2024}}
The president must be elected with a [[majority|simple majority]] of the popular vote. If no candidate receives a majority in the first round, a [[two-round system|runoff election]] is held between the top two candidates. The president is then sworn in by the [[Islamic Consultative Assembly|Parliament]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 June 2024 |title=Iran's presidential election: How voting process works |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/irans-presidential-election-process-2024-06-25/ |access-date=17 January 2026 |work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref>
=== Legality of a woman to be candidate === The legality of women running for presidency depends upon the meaning of one of the criteria the candidate is required to fill. The 115th article of the Iranian constitution states that the president must be elected from among "religious and political ''men''" or "religious and political ''personalities''", depending on the interpretation ({{langx|fa|رجال مذهبی و سیاسی|rejāl-e mazhabi va siāsi}}).<ref name="Constitution of Iran"/> In 1997, the Guardian Council used the first interpretation to reject the candidature of [[Azam Taleghani]], the first woman to run for presidency. However, before the 2021 presidential election, the guardian council's spokesman said that legally there is no impediment for a woman to be president.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dagres |first=Holly |date=15 October 2020 |title=Will Iran let a woman run for president in 2021? |url=https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/iransource/will-iran-let-a-woman-run-for-president-in-2021/ |access-date=22 May 2024 |website=Atlantic Council |language=en-US}}</ref>
===Inability=== The supreme leader holds the authority to dismiss the elected president if the president has been impeached by Parliament or found guilty of violating the Constitution by the Supreme Court.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Erdbrink |first=Thomas |date=25 October 2011 |title=Iran's supreme leader floats proposal to abolish presidency |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/irans-supreme-leader-floats-proposal-to-abolish-presidency/2011/10/25/gIQAsOUKGM_story.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191221094151/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/irans-supreme-leader-floats-proposal-to-abolish-presidency/2011/10/25/gIQAsOUKGM_story.html |archive-date=21 December 2019 |access-date=16 June 2021 |newspaper=Washington Post |language=en-US |issn=0190-8286}}</ref>
According to the article 131 of the [[Constitution of Iran|Iranian constitution]], "In case of death, dismissal, resignation, absence, or illness lasting longer than two months of the President or when his term in office has ended and a new president has not been elected due to some impediments, or similar other circumstances, his [[First Vice President of Iran|first deputy]] shall assume, with the approval of the [[Supreme Leader of Iran|leader]], the powers and functions of the president. The Council, consisting of the [[Islamic Consultative Assembly#Leadership|speaker of the Islamic Consultative Assembly]], [[Chief Justice of Iran|Chief Justice]], and the first deputy of the president, is obliged to arrange for a new president to be elected within a maximum period of fifty days. In case of death of the first deputy to the president, or other matters which prevent him to perform his duties or when the president does not have a first deputy, the Leader shall appoint another person in his place."<ref>[https://en.mfa.ir/portal/viewpage/3997/constitution Constitution]</ref>
==Powers and responsibilities== [[Image:Presidential Administration of Iran building.jpg|thumb|[[Presidential Administration of Iran]], office of the President in Pastor Street, Tehran]]The president is the second-highest ranking official in Iran after the supreme leader, and is responsible for the day-to-day running of the government.<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 June 2021 |title=Who is in charge of Iran? |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-57260831 |access-date=15 October 2024 |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref name="Tehran Times" /> The president answers to the supreme leader, who functions as the country's [[head of state]].<ref name="ReferenceA2">(see Article 110 of the constitution).</ref><ref name="servat.unibe.ch2">{{cite web |author=Axel Tschentscher |title=ICL – Iran – Constitution |url=http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/ir00000_.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180821093931/http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/ir00000_.html |archive-date=21 August 2018 |access-date=9 July 2019 |publisher=Servat.unibe.ch}}</ref> Unlike the executive in other countries, the president of Iran does not have full control over the government, which is ultimately under the direct control of the supreme leader.<ref name="ReferenceA2" /><ref name="servat.unibe.ch2" /> The president's duties include the following, subject to supervision, policy guidance and approval by the supreme leader:<ref>{{Cite web |title=functions |url=http://www.president.ir/en/president/functions |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124102701/http://www.president.ir/en/president/functions |archive-date=24 November 2020 |access-date=22 December 2020 |website=www.president.ir}}</ref>
*Second in command (after the supreme leader) of the [[executive branch]] of [[Government of Iran|government]] and chairperson of the [[Cabinet of Iran|cabinet]] *The deputy [[commander-in-chief]] of the [[Islamic Republic of Iran Armed Forces]] *Declares a [[state of emergency]] after passage by the parliament (the proclamation of martial law is forbidden) *Heads the [[Supreme National Security Council]] *Heads the [[Supreme Council of the Cultural Revolution]] *Appoints the [[vice President of Iran|first vice president of Iran]] and other vice presidents *Nominates [[Cabinet of Iran|Cabinet]] members to the [[Parliament of Iran|Parliament]] *Sends and receives all foreign ambassadors *Issues [[decrees]] *Issues [[medals]] in honor of service for the nation *Signs treaties, protocols, contracts, after parliamentary approval *Signs referendum results and legislation approved by parliament and the judiciary [[File:Iranian Presidential Guard.jpg|thumb|Presidential Guard]] The president appoints the ministers, subject to the approval of Parliament and the supreme leader, who can dismiss or reinstate any of the ministers and [[Vice President of Iran|vice presidents]] at any time, regardless of the president or parliament's decision.<ref name="stalbertgazette.com">{{Cite news |title=Iranian lawmakers warn Ahmadinejad to accept intelligence chief as political feud deepens |url=http://www.stalbertgazette.com/article/GB/20110420/CP01/304209937/-1/sag0806/iranian-lawmakers-warn-ahmadinejad-to-back-intelligence-chief-as |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170808034040/http://www.stalbertgazette.com/article/GB/20110420/CP01/304209937/-1/sag0806/iranian-lawmakers-warn-ahmadinejad-to-back-intelligence-chief-as |archive-date=8 August 2017 |access-date=21 May 2017 |work=CP}}</ref><ref name="news.bbc.co.uk">{{cite news |title=BBC NEWS – Middle East – Iranian vice-president 'sacked' |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/8168202.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003041952/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/8168202.stm |archive-date=3 October 2018 |access-date=1 January 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Amir Saeed Vakil, Pouryya Askary |title=constitution in now law like order |date=2004 |page=362}}</ref> The supreme leader also directly chooses the ministers of defense, intelligence, foreign affairs, and interior, as well as certain other ministries, such as the Science Ministry.<ref>{{cite web |date=23 October 2017 |title=Did Khamenei block Rouhani's science minister? |url=http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2017/10/iran-science-minister-rouhani-administration-mansour-gholami.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171024043116/http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2017/10/iran-science-minister-rouhani-administration-mansour-gholami.html |archive-date=24 October 2017 |access-date=9 July 2019 |publisher=Al-monitor.com}}</ref>
Iran's foreign policy is directly controlled by the [[Office of the Supreme Leader of Iran|Office of the Supreme Leader]], with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs' role limited to protocol and ceremonial occasions. All of Iran's [[ambassadors]] to Arab countries, for example, are chosen by the [[Quds Force]], which reports directly to the supreme leader.<ref name="english.aawsat.com">{{cite web |date=25 September 2017 |title=Khamenei Orders New Supervisory Body to Curtail Government |url=https://english.aawsat.com/amir-taheri/features/khamenei-orders-new-supervisory-body-curtail-government |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010083335/https://english.aawsat.com/amir-taheri/features/khamenei-orders-new-supervisory-body-curtail-government |archive-date=10 October 2017 |access-date=9 July 2019 |publisher=ASHARQ AL-AWSAT English Archive}}</ref>
The president functions as the executive of the decrees and wishes of the supreme leader, including: signing [[treaties]] with foreign countries and international organizations; and administering national planning, budget, and state employment affairs.<ref name="Middle East Eye">{{cite web |title=Iran's Khamenei hits out at Rafsanjani in rare public rebuke |url=http://www.middleeasteye.net/news/khamenei-lashes-out-rafsanjani-and-rouhani-rare-iran-public-spat-1261460510 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160404031405/http://www.middleeasteye.net/news/khamenei-lashes-out-rafsanjani-and-rouhani-rare-iran-public-spat-1261460510 |archive-date=4 April 2016 |access-date=1 January 2017 |work=Middle East Eye}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Ali Vafadar |title=The constitution and political change |year=1995 |page=559}}</ref> The supreme leader [[Ali Khamenei]], who ruled Iran for more than three decades from 1989 until his [[Assassination of Ali Khamenei|assassination]] in 2026, has issued decrees and made final decisions on [[economy of iran|economy]], [[education in iran|education]], environment, [[foreign relations of iran|foreign policy]], national planning, and almost everything else in the country.<ref name="english.aawsat.com" /><ref name="Middle East Eye" /><ref name="al-monitor.com">{{cite web |date=17 November 2015 |title=Khamenei says Iran must go green – Al-Monitor: the Pulse of the Middle East |url=http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2015/11/iran-green-climate-change-khamenei.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222135539/http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2015/11/iran-green-climate-change-khamenei.html |archive-date=22 December 2015 |access-date=1 January 2017 |work=Al-Monitor}}</ref><ref name="Louis Charbonneau and Parisa Hafezi">{{cite web |author=Louis Charbonneau and Parisa Hafezi |date=16 May 2014 |title=Exclusive: Iran pursues ballistic missile work, complicating nuclear talks |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-iran-nuclear-missiles-idUSBREA4E11V20140516 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731230530/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-iran-nuclear-missiles-idUSBREA4E11V20140516 |archive-date=31 July 2017 |access-date=2 July 2017 |work=Reuters}}</ref><ref name="en.iranwire.com">{{cite web |title=IranWire – Asking for a Miracle: Khamenei's Economic Plan |url=https://en.iranwire.com/features/5272/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307035444/https://en.iranwire.com/features/5272/ |archive-date=7 March 2016 |access-date=1 January 2017}}</ref><ref name="Al-Monitor">{{Cite news |date=22 May 2014 |title=Khamenei outlines 14-point plan to increase population |url=http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2014/05/khamenei-plans-increase-iran-population.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170801000839/http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2014/05/khamenei-plans-increase-iran-population.html |archive-date=1 August 2017 |access-date=21 May 2017 |work=Al-Monitor |language=en-us}}</ref><ref name="payvand.com">{{cite web |title=Iran: Executive, legislative branch officials endorse privatization plan |url=http://www.payvand.com/news/06/jul/1055.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170105175931/http://www.payvand.com/news/06/jul/1055.html |archive-date=5 January 2017 |access-date=21 May 2017 |website=www.payvand.com}}</ref> Khamenei has also made final decisions on the degree of transparency in [[elections in Iran]],<ref name="Tehran Times" /> and has fired and reinstated [[Cabinet of Iran|presidential cabinet]] appointments.<ref name="stalbertgazette.com" /><ref name="news.bbc.co.uk" />
==Latest election== {{main|2024 Iranian presidential election}}
{{Election results |cand1=[[Masoud Pezeshkian]]|party1=[[Iranian reformists|Reformists]]|alliance1=[[Independent politician|Independent]]|votes1=10415991|votes1_2=16384403|color1=#48D1CC |cand2=[[Saeed Jalili]]|party2=[[Iranian principlists|Principlists]]|alliance2=[[Independent politician|Independent]]|votes2=9473298|votes2_2=13538179|color2=#0077B6 |cand3=[[Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf]]|party3=[[Iranian principlists|Principlists]]|alliance3=[[Progress and Justice Population of Islamic Iran]]|votes3=3383340|color3=#0077B6 |cand4=[[Mostafa Pourmohammadi]]|party4=[[Iranian principlists|Principlists]]|alliance4=[[Combatant Clergy Association]]|votes4=206397|color4=#0077B6 |invalid=1056159|invalid2=607575 |electorate=61452321 |electorate2=61452321 |source=[https://www.isna.ir/news/1403040905810/%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AC-%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA-%DB%B8-%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%B1-%DB%B1%DB%B4%DB%B0%DB%B3-%D9%BE%D8%B2%D8%B4%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%88-%D8%AC%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C-%D8%A8%D9%87-%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%85 ISNA], [https://www.iranintl.com/en/202406299085 IranIntl], [https://tejaratnews.com/%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%B4-%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA-%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%84%DB%8C-15/920881-%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%AF-%D9%BE%D8%B2%D8%B4%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%86%D9%87%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86-%D8%B1%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B3-%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%B4%D8%AF Tejarat News] }}
==See also== * [[List of presidents of Iran]] * [[Advisor to the President of Iran]] * [[Aide to the President of Iran]] * [[Presidential Administration of Iran]] * [[List of spouses of the president of Iran]]
==Notes== {{notelist}}
==References== {{Reflist}}
==External links== {{commons category|Presidents of Iran}} * [http://www.president.ir/en/ The President's Office] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20161116174723/http://www.sssup.it/context_eng.jsp?ID_LINK=7931&area=47 Iran Electoral Archive – President]
{{s-start}} {{s-other|[[Head of government]] of [[Iran]]}} {{s-bef|before=[[Prime Minister of Iran]]}} {{s-ttl|title=President of Iran|years=1989–present}} {{s-inc}} {{s-end}} {{Iran topics}} {{Presidents of Iran}} {{Ministries of Iran}}
[[Category:Presidents of Iran| ]] [[Category:Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran]] [[Category:1980 establishments in Iran]]