{{Short description|Kurdish people in Iran}} {{See also|Iranian Kurdistan}} {{protection padlock|small=yes}} {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}} {{Infobox ethnic group | group = Kurds in Iran | image = | population = 9–10 million | popplace = | languages = Kurdish, Gorani and Persian | religions = Shia Islam (Twelver)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Leinonen |first1=Anu |title=Unity or Diversity? Turkish Nationalism, Kurds, and the Turkish Mainstream Press |date=2017 |page=66 |publisher=University of Helsinki |location=Helsinki |url = https://helda.helsinki.fi/bitstream/handle/10138/172952/UnityorD.pdf?sequence=1s | isbn = 978-951-51-2890-4 |quote=Most Iranian Kurds are Shi'a (of Twelver Shi'ism).}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author1=Sebastian Maisel |title=The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society |date=2018 |page=54}}</ref><br />Sunni Islam (Shafi'i)<ref name="Shafii" >{{cite book |author1=Ali Ezzatyar |title=The Last Mufti of Iranian Kurdistan: Ethnic and Religious Implications in the Greater Middle East |date=2016 |isbn=9781137563248 |page=29|publisher=Springer }}</ref><br />(Sufi order Qadiriyya also present)<ref name="Rudaw" >{{cite news |title=Dervish practice Sufism on a yearly, 30-day journey through Kurdistan |url=http://www.rudaw.net/english/kurdistan/270220191 |access-date=22 April 2020 |work=Rûdaw |date=27 February 2019}}</ref><br />Yarsanism | related = see Iranian peoples }}
'''Kurds in Iran''' ({{langx|ku|کورد لە ئێران|translit=Kurdên Îranê}},<ref>{{cite news |title=خوێندکارانی کورد لە ئێران |url=https://zheen.org/خوێندکارانی-کورد-لە-ئێران/ |access-date=22 April 2020 |work=zheen.org |language=ku}}</ref> {{langx|fa|کردها در ایران}})<ref>{{cite journal |author1=محمّدعلی چلونگر |author2=کیومرث عظیمی |title=پراکندگی فرق و مذاهب تشیّع در کردستان |url=http://www.shiitestudies.com/article_19301.html |access-date=22 April 2020 |journal=فصلنامه علمی شیعه شناسی |volume=10|date=2012|issue=39|pages=81–100 |language=fa}}</ref> constitute a large minority in the country with a population of around 9 and 10 million people.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Brown |first1=Sara E. |title=The Routledge Handbook of Religion, Mass Atrocity, and Genocide |last2=Smith |first2=Stephen D. |publisher=Routledge |year=2021 |pages=345}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author1=Sebastian Maisel |title=The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society |date=2018 |page=xii}}</ref> Most Iranian Kurds are bilingual in Kurdish and Persian.
==Geography== [[File:Iranian Kurds demonstration in support of Kobanî people 04.jpg|thumb|Iranian Kurds in Marivan protest against ISIL during the Siege of Kobanî, 6 October 2014]] [[File:Ancient Nowruz in Kurdistan.jpg|thumb|Kurds celebrating Newroz in Iranian Kurdistan, 2024]] Iranian Kurdistan or Eastern Kurdistan (''{{lang|ku-Latn|Rojhilatê Kurdistanê}}''), is the parts of western Iran inhabited by Kurds which borders Iraq and Turkey.<ref name="Kurdish Awakening 2014">''Kurdish Awakening: Nation Building in a Fragmented Homeland'', (2014), by Ofra Bengio, University of Texas Press</ref> It includes the Kurdistan province, Kermanshah province, West Azerbaijan province, Ilam province, and Lorestan province.<ref>Federal Research Division, 2004, ''Iran: A Country Study'', Kessinger Publishing, {{ISBN|1-4191-2670-9}}, {{ISBN|978-1-4191-2670-3}}, p. 121, "The Kurdish area of Iran includes most of West Azerbaijan."</ref><ref>Youssef Courbage, Emmanuel Todd, 2011, ''A Convergence of Civilizations: The Transformation of Muslim Societies Around the World'', p. 74. Columbia University Press, {{ISBN|0-231-15002-4}}, {{ISBN|978-0-231-15002-6}}. "Kurds are also a majority of the population in the provinces of Kermanshah, West Azerbaijan, and Ilam."</ref>
Shia Feyli Kurds inhabit Kermanshah province, except for those parts where people are Jaff, and Ilam province; as well as some parts of Kurdistan and Hamadan provinces. The Kurds of Khorasan, in the North Khorasan province of northeastern Iran, are Shi'ite Muslims.<ref>{{Cite web |script-title=fa:ایلهاوطوایف کرد ایران|url=http://rangvarehayeyekrang.ir/ایل%E2%80%8Cهاوطوایف-کرد-ایران/ |website=rangvarehayeyekrang.ir |access-date=12 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171217230209/http://rangvarehayeyekrang.ir/ایل%E2%80%8Cهاوطوایف-کرد-ایران/ |archive-date=17 December 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=عشایر کرد خراسان؛ گردشگری عشایری |url=https://www.kojaro.com/2016/10/29/122951/kurdish-tribes-khorasan/ |access-date=22 April 2020 |date=29 October 2016 |language=fa}}</ref> The Lak tribe populate parts of Ilam province and Lorestan province, while Chegini Kurds reside in central Lorestan.
==Religion== {{main|Religion in Kurdistan}} The two major religions among Kurds in Iran are Islam and Yarsanism, while fewer Kurds adhere to Baháʼí Faith and Judaism.<ref>{{cite book |editor1=Helen Chapin Metz |editor1-link=Helen Chapin Metz |title=Iran: a country study |date=1989 |publisher=Federal Research Division |page=126}}</ref> There is disagreement on which is the largest denomination among Kurds; experts such as Richard N. Frye and Martin van Bruinessen argue that Sunni Islam (the Shafi'i branch<ref name="Shafii" />) is the majority religion,<ref>{{cite web |author1=R. N. Frye |title=Iran v. Peoples of Iran |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/iran-v1-peoples-survey |publisher=Iranica Online |access-date=24 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Martin Van Bruinessen |author-link=Martin Van Bruinessen |title=Religion in Kurdistan |journal=Kurdish Times |date=1991 |volume=4 |page=8 |doi=10.31826/9781463229887-003 |publisher=The Isis Press |location=Istanbul|isbn=9781463229887 }}</ref> while researcher Anu Leinonen believes it is the Twelver branch of Shia Islam.<ref>{{cite book |author1=Anu Leinonen |title=Unity or Diversity? Turkish Nationalism, Kurds, and the Turkish Mainstream Press |date=2017 |page=66 |url=https://helda.helsinki.fi/handle/10138/172952 |access-date=24 April 2020 |location=Helsinki |isbn=978-951-51-2890-4}}</ref>
Pockets of Sunni Kurds belong to the Qadiriyya tariqa (around Marivan and Sanandaj). These orders have experienced repression from the state, including the destruction of their places of worship.<ref name="Rudaw" /><ref>{{cite news |title=Iran's Sufis Under Pressure |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/Sufism_Under_Attack_In_Iran/1499990.html |access-date=24 April 2020 |work=RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty |date=26 February 2009 |language=en}}</ref> Yarsanis are also targeted by the central government.<ref>{{cite news |title=Yarsan under attack in Iran |url=https://www.kurdistan24.net/en/news/d441cd8f-dafa-4496-ae24-0a87da832a91/Yarsan-under-attack-in-Iran |access-date=24 April 2020 |agency=Kurdistan24 |date=8 March 2016}}</ref>
== Political history ==
=== Emergence of Kurdish nationalism === While Ottoman Kurdistan has been identified as the source of Kurdish national inspiration, Iranian Kurdistan has been identified as the ideological cradle for the emergence of Kurdish nationalism.{{Sfnp|Hassaniyan|2021|pp=21–22}}
In Iran, Kurdish intellectual writings and poetry from the 16th and 17th century indicate that the Kurdish population in the country was aware of the necessity of Kurdish unity and the need to form political and administrative entities for Kurds. However, these calls for Kurdish unity did not reach the broader Kurdish population until the 20th century when it awakened and diffused as a response to the implementation of nation-state policies (Persianization) by changing Iranian rulers. These policies not only alienated Kurds but also excluded them from equal access to citizenship. An example was the Constitutional Revolution of 1905–1911, which elevated Persian above Kurdish by asserting it as official language, language of administration and language of education.{{Sfnp|Hassaniyan|2021|pp=18–20}}
=== Cross-border interaction (1918–1979) === Kurds have a strong cross-border ethnic linkage and few historical Kurdish rebellions were limited to the borders of a single country. For example, the rebellion of Sheikh Ubeydullah in Turkish Kurdistan around 1880 inspired Simko Shikak to rebel in 1918, while the various Barzani rebellions in Iraqi Kurdistan became a source of support for the Republic of Mahabad.{{Sfnp|Hassaniyan|2021|p=21}} Other examples of cross-border interaction include the subjugation of the Simko Shikak revolt forcing Simko to flee to Rawandiz in Iraqi Kurdistan – where he sought the support of Sheikh Mahmud Barzanji.{{Sfnp|Hassaniyan|2021|p=58–59}} Following the fall of the Republic of Mahabad in 1946, some of its leaders also fled to Iraqi Kurdistan where they were sheltered by the son of Sheikh Mahmud Barzanji. Mustafa Barzani had also supported the Republic of Mahabad by sending 2,100 soldiers which in turn also increased Kurdish self-confidence. Many teachers and military officers from Iraqi Kurdistan moreover crossed the border to support the republic.{{Sfnp|Hassaniyan|2021|p=58–59}}
In 1944, the Society for the Revival of the Kurds/Kurdistan (JK) considered the first Kurdish nationalist movement met with a Turkish Kurdish delegation and an Iraqi Kurdish delegation at the border area near Mount Dalanpar where they signed the ''Pact of Three Borders'' which demonstrated the existence of a strong Kurdish sense of cross-border solidarity and sentiment.{{Sfnp|Hassaniyan|2021|p=58}}
Cross-border interaction became difficult to sustain in the 1950s due to repression from SAVAK on the Iranian side. However, Kurds were able to reinforce the cross-border political activity, when the First Iraqi–Kurdish War commenced in 1961, as the Democratic Party of Iranian Kurdistan (KDPI) gave financial support and loyalty to their counterpart in Iraq, the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP), while KDPI themselves accessed spatial resources. Relations between KDP and KDPI would later deteriorate greatly as KDP became a close ally of SAVAK against Iraq. CIA documents from 1963 show that the KDP rebuffed support from KDPI due to the desire to maintain close relations with Iran.{{Sfnp|Hassaniyan|2021|p=62–63}}
In the 1970s, KDPI with Komalah and the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK) fought around Piranshahr, Sardasht, Baneh in the northern parts of Iranian Kurdistan against Iranian forces who received support from KDP.{{Sfnp|Hassaniyan|2021|p=64}}
=== Cross-border interaction after 1979 === After the Iranian revolution in 1979, political infighting among Kurds increased and KDPI and Komala fought over political and spatial influence in Iranian Kurdistan as they were fighting Iran together. In the 1980s, the two political and military groups had become powerful and cross-border interaction was therefore less important.{{Sfnp|Hassaniyan|2021|p=64–65}}
==Separatism or autonomy== {{main|Iranian–Kurdish conflict|Republic of Mahabad|Western Iran clashes (2016–present)|federalism in Iran}}
'''Kurdish separatism in Iran'''<ref name=habeeb>{{cite book|last1=Habeeb|first1=William Mark|last2=Frankel|first2=Rafael D.|last3=Al-Oraibi|first3=Mina|title=The Middle East in Turmoil: Conflict, Revolution, and Change|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|location=Santa Barbara|year=2012|page=46|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9ENuHIJEqZIC&pg=PA46|isbn=978-0-313-33914-1|oclc=753913763}}</ref> or the '''Kurdish–Iranian conflict'''<ref>{{Citation |first=Surendra |last=Bhutani |publisher=Academic Press |page=32 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kfHCAAAAIAAJ&q=%22kurdish+iranian+conflict%22 |title=Contemporary Gulf |year=1980}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VuG5AAAAIAAJ&q=%22kurdish+iranian+conflict%22 |title=Near East, North Africa report |year=1994}}</ref> is an ongoing,<ref name=cornell10>{{Citation |first=Benjamin |last=Smith |title=Land and Rebellion: Kurdish Separatism in Comparative Perspective |page=10 |chapter=The Kurds of Iran: Opportunistic and Failed Resistance, 1918- |chapter-url=https://government.arts.cornell.edu/assets/psac/sp09/Smith_Kurdish_Separatism_Feb09_PSAC.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120615011857/http://government.arts.cornell.edu/assets/psac/sp09/Smith_Kurdish_Separatism_Feb09_PSAC.pdf |archive-date=15 June 2012 |publisher=Cornell }}</ref><ref name="uarkansas">University of Arkansas. Political Science department. Iran/Kurds (1943-present). Retrieved 9 September 2012. [http://uca.edu/politicalscience/dadm-project/middle-eastnorth-africapersian-gulf-region/irankurds-1943-present/]</ref><ref name=habeeb /><ref name="elling">{{cite book|last=Elling|first=Rasmus Christian|title=Minorities in Iran: Nationalism and Ethnicity after Khomeini|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|location=New York|year=2013|page=312|isbn=978-0-230-11584-2|oclc=714725127}}</ref> long running dispute for full or partial autonomy between the Kurdish opposition in Western Iran and the governments of Iran,<ref name=habeeb /> lasting since the emergence of Reza Shah Pahlavi in 1918.<ref name=cornell10 />
During the Iranian revolution, Kurdish nationalist political parties were unsuccessful in attracting support, who at that time had no interest in autonomy.<ref name="David Romano page 235">{{cite book |last=Romano |first=David |url=https://archive.org/details/kurdishnationali00roma |title=The Kurdish Nationalist Movement |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2006 |isbn=0-521-85041-X |location=New York |page=[https://archive.org/details/kurdishnationali00roma/page/n247 235] |url-access=limited}}</ref><ref name="McDowall page 270-278">{{cite book |last=McDowall |title=A Modern History of the Kurds |publisher=I.B. Tauris |year=1996 |isbn=1-85043-653-3 |location=London |page=270}}</ref> Since the 1990s, Kurdish nationalism in the region grew, partly due to anger at the government's violent suppression of Kurdish activism.<ref name="McDowall page 278">{{cite book |last=McDowall |title=A Modern History of the Kurds |publisher=I.B. Tauris |year=1996 |isbn=1-85043-653-3 |location=London |page=278}}</ref>
==Tribes== {{expand section|date=April 2020}} {{main|Kurdish tribes}} {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Tribe !! Kurdish and Persian<br />names !! Geography !! Notes |- |Ali Sherwan||{{langx|ku|عهلی شیروان}}<br />{{langx|fa|ئایل علیشروان}}||Ilam province<ref name="Ilam" />||Southern Kurdish–speaking<ref name="Ilam" /> |- |Amar||{{langx|ku|عمار}}<br />{{langx|fa|عمارلو}}||Gilan province, Greater Khorasan and Qazvin province<ref name="tribes">{{cite web |title=Kurdish tribes |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/kurdish-tribes |publisher=Iranica Online |access-date=12 May 2020}}</ref><ref name="Khorasan">{{cite journal |title=The Kurds of Khorasan |journal=Iran & the Caucasus |date=2007 |volume=11 |issue=1 |page=17}}</ref>||Kurmanji–speaking<ref name="Khorasan" /> |- |Arkawâzi||{{langx|ku|ئهرکهوازی}}<br />{{langx|fa|ارکوازی}}||Ilam province<ref name="Ilam" >{{cite journal |last1=Ghasemi Pirbalouti |last2=Momeni |last3=Bahmani |title=Ethnobotanical Study of Medicinal Plants Used by Kurd Tribe in Dehloran and Abdanan Districts, Ilam province, Iran |journal=African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines |date=31 December 2012 |volume=10 |issue=2 |pages=368–385 |doi=10.4314/ajtcam.v10i2.24 |pmid=24146463 |pmc=3746586 |issn=0189-6016}}</ref>||Southern Kurdish–speaking<ref name="Ilam" /> |- |Badreh||{{langx|ku|بەدرە}}<br />{{langx|fa|بدرهای}}||Ilam province<ref name="Ilam1">{{cite web |title=ايلها وطوايف مستقل استان |url=http://ashayer-ilam.ir/index.aspx?pageid=580 |access-date=12 May 2020 |language=fa }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>|| |- |Balavand||{{langx|fa|بالاوند}}||Ilam province<ref name="Ilam" />|| |- | Beiranvand||{{langx|ku|Bîranwend ,بیرانوەند}}<br />{{langx|fa|بیرانوند}}||Between Aleshtar and Khorramabad; Bayranshahr.<ref name="Beiranvand" /> ||Laki–speaking.<ref name="Beiranvand">{{cite journal |author1=Soraya Kornokar |author2=Zarife Kazemi |title=مبارزات ایالت لرستان در برابر سیاستهای ضد ایلی رضاشاه با تکیه بر ایل بیرانوند |journal=پژوهشنامه تاریخهای محلی ایران |date=2016 |page=160 (۱۶۰) |url=http://journals.pnu.ac.ir/article_3564_9700228fc902fd85f357d4c39bda403a.pdf |access-date=25 April 2020 |language=fa}}</ref> |- |Chahardoli||{{langx|fa|چاردولی}}||Hamadan province and West Azerbaijan province<ref name="Chahardoli">{{cite web |title=پژوهشی در تاریخ و فرهنگ و ادبیات كُردهای چهاردولی |url=https://rekar.ir/thought/449-%D9%BE%DA%98%D9%88%D9%87%D8%B4%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE-%D9%88-%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%87%D9%86%DA%AF-%D9%88-%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%83%D9%8F%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%DA%86%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C.html |website=پایگاه خبری ریکار |access-date=12 May 2020 |language=fa |archive-date=25 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200725145407/https://rekar.ir/thought/449-%D9%BE%DA%98%D9%88%D9%87%D8%B4%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE-%D9%88-%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%87%D9%86%DA%AF-%D9%88-%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%83%D9%8F%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%DA%86%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>||Laki–speaking<ref name="Chahardoli" /> |- |Chalabianlu||{{langx|fa|چلبیانلو}}||East Azerbaijan province<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Oberling|first=Pierre|date=31 December 1964|title=The Tribes of Qaraca Dag: A Brief History|journal=Oriens|volume=17|pages=60–95|doi=10.2307/1580019|issn=0078-6527|jstor=1580019}}</ref>|| |- | Chegini||{{langx|ku|Çengînî ,چەگینی}}<br />{{langx|fa|چگنی}}||Between Khorramabad and the Kashgan river.<ref>{{cite web |author1=Oberling |title=Cegini |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/cegini-or-cegani-a-tribe-that-originated-in-northwestern-persia-but-is-now-scattered-in-luristan-the-qazvin-region-and-fa |publisher=Iranica Online |access-date=23 April 2020 |date=1990}}</ref>||''Chegini dialect'' (Mixture of Laki and Luri)<ref>{{cite book |title=دائرة المعارف بزرگ اسلامى |date=1978 |volume=3 |isbn=9789647025041 |page=373 |publisher=مرکز دائرت المعارف بزرگ اسلامى، |language=fa}}</ref> |- |Dehbalai||{{langx|fa|بالایی}}||Ilam province<ref name="Ilam" />|| |- |Delikan||{{langx|fa|دلیکانلو}}||Ardabil province<ref name="Ardabil" >{{cite web |title=Delikanlu |url=http://iranicaonline.org/articles/delikanlu |publisher=Iranica Online |access-date=15 May 2020}}</ref>||Turkophone<ref name="Ardabil" /> |- | Dilfan||{{langx|ku|Dilfan ,دیلفان}}<br />{{langx|fa|دلفان}}||Around Delfan County. Present in Ilam and Mazandaran provinces as well.<ref name="EWI" >{{cite journal |title=دلفان |journal=Encyclopedia of the World of Islam |url=https://rch.ac.ir/article/Details/11480?%D8%AF%D9%84%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%86 |access-date=25 April 2020 |language=fa}}</ref>||Laki–speaking<ref name="EWI" /> |- | Donboli||{{langx|ku|Dimilî ,دونبەلی}}<br />{{langx|fa|دنبلی}}||Khoy and Salmas area.<ref>{{cite book |author1=John R. Perry |title=Karim Khan Zand: A History of Iran, 1747-1779 |date=2015 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=9780226661025 |page=91}}</ref>||Turkophone<ref>{{cite web |author1=Dawud |author2=Oberling |title=Donboli |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/donboli-1 |publisher=Iranica Online |access-date=23 April 2020}}</ref> |- |Falak al-Din||{{langx|fa|فلک ئالدین}}||Hamadan province<ref name="ilna">{{cite news |title=نگاهی به تغییرات زیستی و اسمی قوم لک به گواهی قدمت تاریخ |url=https://www.ilna.news/%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%B4-%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87-103/352905-%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87%DB%8C-%D8%A8%D9%87-%D8%AA%D8%BA%DB%8C%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85%DB%8C-%D9%82%D9%88%D9%85-%D9%84%DA%A9-%D8%A8%D9%87-%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%87%DB%8C-%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%AA-%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE |access-date=6 July 2020 |publisher=ILNA |language=fa}}</ref>||Laki–speaking<ref name="ilna" /> |- |Eyvan||{{langx|ku|ئهیوان}}<br />{{langx|fa|ايوان}}||Ilam province<ref name="Ilam" />|| |- | Feyli||{{langx|ku|Feylî ,فهیلی}}<br />{{langx|fa|فیلی}}||Ilam province (Ilam, Chardoval, Mehran, Malekshahi, Abdanan, Dehloran).<ref name="Ilam2" />||Southern Kurdish–speaking.<ref name="Ilam2">{{cite journal |author1=Mohammad Aliakbari, Mojtaba Gheitasi, Erik Anonby |title=On Language Distribution in Ilam province, Iran |journal=Iranian Studies |volume=48 |issue=6 |pages=835–850|date=September 2014 |doi=10.1080/00210862.2014.913423 |s2cid=162337795 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/264347133 |access-date=25 May 2019}}</ref> |- |Ghiasvand||{{langx|fa|قیاسوند}}||Hamadan province<ref name="ilna"/>||Laki–speaking<ref name="ilna" /> |- | Guran||{{langx|ku|Goran ,گۆران}}<br />{{langx|fa|گوران}}||Hawraman region||Gorani–speaking.<ref name="Guran">{{cite web |author1=Oberling |title=Guran |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/guran |publisher=Iranica Online |access-date=23 April 2020}}</ref> |- |Hasanvand||{{langx|ku|حەسەنوەند}}<br />{{langx|fa|حسنوند}}||Around Aligudarz, Khorramabad and Borujerd.<ref name="Hasanvand">{{cite journal |title=سیمای عشایر استان لرستان |page=3 |url=http://www.ashayerelorestan.ir/doc/simaashayer.pdf |access-date=26 April 2020 |publisher=تهیه وتنظیم : اداره مطالعات وبرنامه ریزی |language=fa |archive-date=20 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420200718/http://www.ashayerelorestan.ir/doc/simaashayer.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>||Laki–speaking.<ref>{{cite journal |title=حسنوند |journal=Great Islamic Encyclopedia |volume=20 |author=حمیدرضا دالوند |page=1 |url=https://www.cgie.org.ir/fa/publication/entryview/6357 |access-date=26 April 2020 |language=fa}}</ref> |- | Herki||{{langx|ku|Herkî ,ھەرکی}}<br />{{langx|fa|هرکی}}||Western countryside of Urmia in the Targavar and Margavar valleys.<ref>{{cite book |author1=Koohi-Kamali |title=The Political Development of the Kurds in Iran: Pastoral Nationalism |date=2003 |isbn=9780230535725 |page=34|publisher=Springer }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author1=Borhanedin A. Yassin |title=Vision Or Reality?: The Kurds in the Policy of the Great Powers, 1941-1947 |date=1995 |publisher=Lund University Press |isbn=9780862383893 |page=72}}</ref>||Kurmanji–speaking.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Natural Language Studies |journal=Phonetics Laboratory |date=1976 |volume=22 |page=11}}</ref> |- | Jaff||{{langx|ku|Caf ,جاف}}<br />{{langx|fa|جاف}}||From Sanandaj to Kermanshah with Javanrud as area of origin.<ref name="Jaff">{{cite journal |title=جاف |journal=Great Islamic Encyclopedia |volume=17 |page=6358 |url=http://lib.eshia.ir/23022/17/6358/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%81 |access-date=27 April 2020 |language=fa}}</ref>||Sorani–speaking.<ref>{{cite news |title=جاف ها و ریشه های مردمانش |url=http://www.noryaw.ir/25443-2/ |access-date=27 April 2020 |agency=Noryaw |date=26 February 2017 |language=fa |archive-date=11 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180411174848/http://www.noryaw.ir/25443-2/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |Jalali||{{langx|ku|Celalî ,جەلالیان}}<br />{{langx|fa|جلالی}}||Around Maku.<ref name="Jalali">{{cite web |title=Jalali |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/jalali |website=iranicaonline.org |publisher=Iranica Online |access-date=23 April 2020}}</ref>||Kurmanji–speaking.<ref name="Jalali2">{{cite book |author1=J. Sheyholislami |title=Kurdish Identity, Discourse, and New Media |date=2011 |publisher=Springer |isbn=9780230119307 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1eVdAQAAQBAJ |access-date=23 April 2020}}</ref> |- |Jalilavand||{{langx|ku|Celalwend ,جەلیلوەند}}<br />{{langx|fa|جلیلوند}}||Around Dinavar and in Lorestan province.<ref name="Jalilavand" />||Laki–speaking.<ref name="Jalilavand">{{cite web |author1=Oberling |title=Jalilavand |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/jalilavand-2 |publisher=Iranica Online |access-date=25 April 2020}}</ref> |- | Kakavand||{{langx|ku|Kakewend ,کاکەوەن}}<br />{{langx|fa|کاکاوند}}||Kermanshah, Harsin area,<ref name="lak" >{{cite web |author1=Mohammad Reza [Faribors] Hamzeh'ee |title=Lak Tribe |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/lak-tribe |publisher=Iranica Online |access-date=23 April 2020 |date=2015}}</ref> and Kakavand District, Delfan.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kakavand |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/kakavand |website=iranicaonline.org |publisher=Iranica Online |access-date=23 April 2020}}</ref>||Laki–speaking.<ref name="lak" /> |- | Kalhori||{{langx|ku|Kelhûr ,کەڵھوڕ}}<br />{{langx|fa|کلهر}}||Around Eslamabad-e Gharb, Qasr-e Shirin and Gilan-e Gharb.<ref name="Kermanshah" >{{cite web |author1=Borjian |title=Kermanshah vii. languages |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/kermanshah-07-languages |publisher=Iranica Online |access-date=23 April 2020 |date=2017}}</ref><br />Ilam province (Chardoval and Eyvan)<ref name="Ilam2" />||Southern Kurdish–speaking.<ref name="Ilam2"/> |- |Khezel||{{langx|ku|خهزهل}}<br />{{langx|fa|خزل}}||Ilam province<ref name="Ilam" />||Southern Kurdish–speaking<ref name="Ilam" /> |- |Kolivand||{{langx|fa|كليوند}}||Ilam province<ref name="Ilam" />|| |- |Kordshuli||{{langx|ku|Kurdşûlî}}<br />{{langx|fa|کردشولی}}||Fars province<ref name="Fars">{{cite web |title=Fars vii. Ethnography |url=http://iranicaonline.org/articles/fars-vii |publisher=Iranica Online |access-date=15 May 2020}}</ref>||Laki–speaking<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=12 September 2012|title=Kurdşûlî (Kurdshuli)|url=http://www.kurdica.com/News-sid-Kurdund-351-ûlî-Kurdshuli--575.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305001434/http://www.kurdica.com/News-sid-Kurdund-351-%C3%BBl%C3%AE-Kurdshuli--575.html|archive-date=5 March 2016|access-date=4 July 2020|website=Kurdica|language=de}}</ref> |- |Kuruni||{{langx|ku|Kûranî}}<br />{{langx|fa|کورونی}}||Fars province<ref name="Kuruni">{{cite web |title=Kuruni |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/kuruni |publisher=Iranica Online |access-date=13 May 2020}}</ref>|| |- |Malekshahi||{{langx|ku|Melekşahî}}<br />{{langx|fa|ملکشاهی}}||Ilam province<ref name="Ilam" />||Southern Kurdish–speaking<ref name="Ilam2"/> |- | Mamash||{{langx|ku|Mamaş ,مامش}}<br />{{langx|fa| مامش}}||Southern parts of West Azerbaijan.<ref name="Mamash">{{cite journal |author1=غلامعلي شاملو |title=با هم ميهنان خود آشنا شويم – ايل مامش |volume=1 |issue=7 |pages=21–25 |url=http://www.ichodoc.ir/p-a/CHANGED/7/HTML/7_2100~1.HTM |access-date=29 April 2020 |language=fa |archive-date=22 July 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060722001755/http://www.ichodoc.ir/p-a/CHANGED/7/HTML/7_2100~1.HTM |url-status=dead }}</ref>||Sorani–speaking.<ref name="Mamash" /> |- | Mangur||{{langx|ku|Mangûr ,مەنگوڕ}}<br />{{langx|fa|منگور}}||Around Piranshahr, Mahabad, Sardasht and Bukan in West Azerbaijan.<ref>{{cite web |title=(منگور (ایل |url=http://portal.nlai.ir/EI/Wiki%20Pages/%D9%85%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%20(%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84).aspx |publisher=Portal.nlai.ir/ |access-date=28 April 2020 |language=fa |archive-date=26 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726173011/http://portal.nlai.ir/EI/Wiki%20Pages/%D9%85%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%20(%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84).aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref>||Sorani–speaking.<ref>{{cite book |title=Nashrīyah-ʼi Dānishkadah-ʼi Adabīyāt va ʻUlūm-i Insānī (15) |publisher=Dānishgāh-i Tabrīz. Dānishkadah-ʼi Adabīyāt va ʻUlūm-i Insānī |page=24 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RhETAQAAMAAJ |access-date=28 April 2020 |language=fa}}</ref> |- | Milan||{{langx|ku|Mîlan ,میلان}}<br />{{langx|fa|میلان}}||North of Zurabad in northern West Azerbaijan<ref name="Milan">{{cite journal |author1=Bagher Hoseinpour |title=Conflict dynamics in communal pastoral lands: a case study in Milan in north-west region of Iran |date=2017 |url=http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12620789/index.pdf |access-date=25 April 2020}}</ref>||Kurmanji–speaking.<ref name="Milan" /> |- | Mukri||{{langx|ku|Mukrî ,موکری}}<br />{{langx|fa|مکری}}|| Around Baneh, Mahabad, Piranshahr and Saqqez.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Oskar Mann |title=Die Mundart der Mukri-Kurden |date=1906 |volume=1 |pages=xviii-xix |url=http://bnk.institutkurde.org/images/pdf/PY3JGW72U5.pdf |access-date=23 April 2020 |publisher=Verlag Georg Reimer |location=Berlin |language=de}}</ref>||Sorani–speaking.<ref>{{cite book |author1=Michael L. Chyet |title='And a Thornbush Sprang Up Between Them': Studies on 'Mem U Zin', a Kurdish Romance |date=1991 |page=29}}</ref> |- |Musavand||{{langx|fa|موسی وند}}||Hamadan province<ref name="ilna"/>||Laki–speaking<ref name="ilna" /> |- |Qolugjan||||Ardabil province<ref name="Ardabil" />|| |- |Reşwan||{{langx|ku|Reşwan ,ڕەشوان}}<br />{{langx|fa|رشوند}}||Gilan province, Greater Khorasan and Qazvin province<ref name="tribes" /><ref name="Khorasan" />||Kurmanji–speaking<ref name="Khorasan" /> |- |Rizehvand||{{langx|fa|ریزه وند}}||Ilam province<ref name="Ilamtoday">{{cite web |title=(ایل ریزه وند (ریزوند |url=https://ilamtoday.com/pedia/?num=1780&ttl=%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84%20%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%87%20%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF |publisher=ilamtoday.com |access-date=15 May 2020}}</ref>|| |- | Sanjâbi||{{langx|ku|Sencabî ,سنجاوی}}<br />{{langx|fa|سنجابی}}||Western parts of Kermanshah province.<ref name="sanjabi">{{cite journal |last1=رحمتی |first1=محسن |last2=نظری |first2=پیرحسین |title=ایل سنجابی و سیاستهای انگلیس در غرب ایران در جنگ جهانی اول |journal=پژوهشهای علوم تاریخی |date=23 August 2015 |volume=7 |issue=1 |pages=21–39 |doi=10.22059/jhss.2015.57831 |url=https://jhss.ut.ac.ir/article_57831_5dce5ec5c4d60c6d9205bb2d104ac69a.pdf |access-date=24 April 2020 |language=fa |issn=2251-9254}}</ref>||Southern Kurdish-speaking.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Vahid Ranjbar Chaghakaboudi |title=تفاوتهای کردی کرمانشاهی و کلهری |date=2019 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332763908 |access-date=24 April 2020 |language=fa, ku}}</ref> |- |Shaqaqi||{{langx|ku|Şeqaqî ,شەقاقی}}<br />{{langx|fa|شقاقی}}||East Azerbaijan province<ref>{{cite web |title=Shahsevan |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/shahsevan |publisher=Iranica Online |access-date=15 May 2020}}</ref>|| |- |Shatran||{{langx|fa|شاترانلو}}||Ardabil province<ref name="Ardabil" />|| |- | Shekak||{{langx|ku|Şikak ,شکاک}}<br />{{langx|fa|شکاک}}||Western countryside of Urmia.<ref>{{cite book |author1=انزلى، حسن |title=اورميه در گذر زمان |date=2005 |page=411 |language=fa}}</ref>||Kurmanji–speaking.<ref>{{cite book |author1=Sebastian Maisel |title=The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society |date=2018 |page=236}}</ref> |- |Shuhan||{{langx|fa|شوهان}}||Ilam province<ref name="Ilam" />||Southern Kurdish–speaking<ref name="Ilam" /> |- |Torkashvand||{{langx|fa|ترکاشوند}}||Hamadan province<ref name="ilna"/>||Laki–speaking<ref name="ilna" /> |- |Uriad||{{langx|fa|اوریاد}}||Fars province<ref name="Fars" />|| |- | Zangana||{{langx|ku|Zengine ,زەنگەنە}}<br />{{langx|fa|زنگنه}}|| South of Kermanshah.<ref name="Kermanshah" />||Southern Kurdish–speaking.<ref name="Kermanshah" /> |- |Zola||{{langx|ku|زۆلا}}<br />{{langx|fa|زوله}}||Hamadan province<ref name="ilna"/>||Laki–speaking<ref name="ilna" /> |}
==See also== * Ardalan * Kolbar * Mokryan * List of Iranian Kurds * A Modern History of the Kurds by David McDowall
==References== {{Reflist}}
== Bibliography ==
* {{Citation|last=Hassaniyan|first=Allan|title=Kurdish Politics in Iran|date=2021|publisher=Cambridge University Press|doi=10.1017/9781009029971|isbn=9781009029971|s2cid=241171409}}
==Further reading== * {{cite journal |last1=Bayani |first1=Farhad |last2=Serajzadeh |first2=Seyed Hossein |title=Islamic Fundamentalism as a lifestyle? a Sociological Study of Islamic Fundamentalism among Sunni Kurds of Iran |journal=British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies |date=2021 |volume=50 |pages=123–141 |doi=10.1080/13530194.2021.1937517|s2cid=236293538 }} * {{cite book |last1=Cabi |first1=Marouf |title=The Formation of Modern Kurdish Society in Iran: Modernity, Modernization and Social Change 1921-1979 |date=2021 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-0755642243 |pages=1–232}}
{{Kurdish diaspora}} {{Iran topics}} {{Ethnic groups in Iran}} {{Asia topic |Kurds in}}
Category:Kurds in Iran Iran Category:Ethnic groups in Iran Category:Iranian Kurdistan Category:People from Ilam province Category:People from Lorestan province Category:People from Kurdistan province Category:People from Kermanshah province Category:People from West Azerbaijan province Category:Regions of Iran