Wiley (publisher)

{{short description|American multinational publishing company}} {{Use American English|date=December 2022}} {{Use mdy dates|date=December 2022}} {{Infobox publisher | image = frameless|class=skin-invert | parent = | traded_as = {{ubl|{{NYSE|WLY}} (Class A)|{{NYSE|WLYB}} (Class B)|S&P 600 component (WLY)}} | status = Active | founded = {{start date and age|1807}}<br />New York City, United States | founder = Charles Wiley | country = United States | headquarters = Hoboken, New Jersey, U.S. | distribution = Worldwide | publications = | topics = {{hlist|Science|technology|medicine|professional development|higher education}} | genre = | imprints = | url = {{Official URL}} |numemployees = 6,400 (2024)<ref name=AR24 /> |revenue = {{decrease}} {{US$|1.87 billion|link=yes}} (2024)<ref name=AR24>{{Cite web |url=https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/107140/000010714024000114/jwa-20240430.htm |title=FY 2024 Annual Report (Form 10-K) |date=June 26, 2024 |publisher=U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission}}</ref> }}

'''John Wiley & Sons, Inc.''', commonly known as '''Wiley''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|w|aɪ|l|i}}), is an American multinational publishing company which focuses on academic publishing and instructional materials. The company was founded in 1807 and produces books, journals,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Journal Tier List |url=https://www.journaltierlist.com/publisher?id=https://openalex.org/P4310320595 |access-date=2024-09-08 |website=www.journaltierlist.com}}</ref> and encyclopedias, in print and electronically, as well as online products and services,<ref>{{cite web |title=Wiley: Redesign and redecorate your home the simple way with Home Design 3D For Dummies |url=https://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/PressRelease/pressReleaseId-110635.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190822134222/https://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/PressRelease/pressReleaseId-110635.html |archive-date=August 22, 2019 |access-date=December 6, 2018 |website=www.wiley.com}}</ref> training materials, and educational materials for undergraduate, graduate, and continuing education students.<ref>{{cite press release |title=About Wiley |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |year=2008 |url=https://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/Section/id-301454.html |access-date=February 4, 2008 |archive-date=February 3, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080203225308/http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/Section/id-301454.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

==History== [[File:1.3.07WileyBuildingByLuigiNovi.jpg|thumb|upright|The Hoboken, New Jersey, headquarters of Wiley]]

The company was established in 1807 when Charles Wiley opened a print shop in Manhattan. The company was the publisher of 19th century American literary figures like James Fenimore Cooper, Washington Irving, Herman Melville, and Edgar Allan Poe, as well as of legal, religious, and other non-fiction titles. The firm took its current name in 1865. Wiley later shifted its focus to scientific, technical, and engineering subject areas, abandoning its literary interests.<ref name=jws />

Wiley's son John (born in Flatbush in Brooklyn, New York City, on October 4, 1808; died in East Orange, New Jersey, on February 21, 1891) took over the business when Charles Wiley died in 1826. The firm was successively named Wiley, Lane & Co., next Wiley & Putnam, and then John Wiley. The company acquired its present name in 1876, when John's second son William H. Wiley joined his brother Charles in the business.<ref name=jws /><ref name=acab>{{Cite Appletons'|wstitle=Wiley, John|year=1900}}</ref> Through the 20th century, the company expanded its publishing activities, the sciences, and higher education.<ref name="jws">{{cite press release|title=News|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|year=2008|url=https://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/Section/id-301452,newsId-2343.html|access-date=April 24, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080419131907/https://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/Section/id-301452,newsId-2343.html|archive-date=April 19, 2008}}</ref>

In 1960 Wiley set up a European branch in London, which later moved to Chichester, England.<ref>{{cite book | chapter-url=https://ebooks.iospress.nl/publication/29510 | doi=10.3233/978-1-58603-148-0-139 | title=A Century of Science Publishing | chapter=The Move of U.S. Publishers Overseas | date=2001 | pages=139–145 | publisher=IOS Press | last1=Brown Peter }}</ref> In 1982, Wiley acquired the publishing operations of the British firm Heyden & Son.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/05/10/business/briefs-125956.html | title=BRIEFS | work=The New York Times | date=May 10, 1982 }}</ref> In 1989, Wiley acquired the life science publisher Liss.<ref>{{Cite news|issn=0362-4331|title=Alan R. Liss, 67, Manhattan Publisher|work=The New York Times|access-date=October 20, 2019|date=August 25, 1992|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/08/25/obituaries/alan-r-liss-67-manhattan-publisher.html|archive-date=October 21, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191021000925/https://www.nytimes.com/1992/08/25/obituaries/alan-r-liss-67-manhattan-publisher.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In 1996, Wiley acquired the German technical publisher VCH.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reid |first=Calvin |date=May 13, 1996 |title=Wiley acquires VCH; will stress black-interest titles at ABA |url=https://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A18283964/LitRC?sid=googlescholar |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220220075829/https://go.gale.com/ps/i.do?p=LitRC&id=GALE%7CA18283964&v=2.1&it=r&sid=googlescholar&userGroupName=anon%7Ef1a65d2b |archive-date=February 20, 2022 |access-date=October 20, 2019 |work=Publishers Weekly}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Wiley-VCH – The publishing house and its history |url=https://www.wiley-vch.de/en/about-wiley/the-publishing-house |access-date=2024-01-10 |website=www.wiley-vch.de}}</ref>

In 1997, Wiley acquired the professional publisher Van Nostrand Reinhold (the successor to the company started by David Van Nostrand) from Thomson Learning.<ref>{{Cite news |issn=0362-4331 |last=Chen |first=David W. |title=Metro Business; John Wiley Acquires A Trade Book Unit |work=The New York Times |access-date=October 20, 2019 |date=October 10, 1997 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/10/10/nyregion/metro-business-john-wiley-acquires-a-trade-book-unit.html |archive-date=October 20, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191020161319/https://www.nytimes.com/1997/10/10/nyregion/metro-business-john-wiley-acquires-a-trade-book-unit.html |url-status=live}}</ref> In 1999, Wiley acquired the professional publisher Jossey-Bass from Pearson.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wiley, Kluwer Acquire Two Pearson Units|work=PublishersWeekly.com|access-date=October 15, 2019|url=https://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/print/19990531/35347-wiley-kluwer-acquire-two-pearson-units.html|archive-date=October 15, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191015060202/https://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/print/19990531/35347-wiley-kluwer-acquire-two-pearson-units.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2001, Wiley acquired the publisher Hungry Minds (formerly IDG Books, including most titles formerly published by Macmillan General Reference) from International Data Group.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Milliot |first1=Jim |last2=Baker |first2=John F. |title=IDG Books Buys Macmillan General Reference |url=https://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/print/19990705/24783-idg-books-buys-macmillan-general-reference.html |access-date=2023-12-13 |website=Publishers Weekly |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Wiley: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. to Complete Acquisition of Hungry Minds, Inc. |url=http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/PressRelease/pressReleaseId-48771.html |access-date=2022-12-02 |website=www.wiley.com}}</ref> In 2005, Wiley acquired the British medical publisher Whurr.<ref>{{Cite web| title = John Wiley Timeline| accessdate = August 8, 2021| url = https://www.ulib.niu.edu/publishers/JohnWiley.htm| archive-date = February 15, 2022| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220215060408/https://www.ulib.niu.edu/publishers/JohnWiley.htm| url-status = live}}</ref>

Wiley marked its bicentennial in 2007.<ref>{{Cite web |title=John Wiley & Sons Reports Record Income In its Bicentennial Year {{!}} Authorlink |url=https://authorlink.com/news-and-views/news/john-wiley-sons-reports-record-income-in-its-bicentennial-year-2/ |access-date=2023-04-26 |language=en-US}}</ref> In conjunction with the anniversary, the company published ''Knowledge for Generations: Wiley and the Global Publishing Industry, 1807–2007'', depicting Wiley's role in the evolution of publishing against a social, cultural, and economic backdrop. Wiley has also created an online community called Wiley Living History, offering excerpts from Knowledge for Generations and a forum for visitors and Wiley employees to post their comments and anecdotes. In 2021, Wiley acquired Hindawi<ref name="Business Wire">{{Cite web|title=Wiley Announces the Acquisition of Hindawi|work=Business Wire|access-date=April 15, 2021|date=January 5, 2021|url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20210105005201/en/Wiley-Announces-the-Acquisition-of-Hindawi|archive-date=May 8, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210508155433/https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20210105005201/en/Wiley-Announces-the-Acquisition-of-Hindawi|url-status=live}}</ref> and J&J Editorial.<ref>{{Cite web|last=By|date=October 4, 2021|title=Wiley Acquires Editorial Services Group|url=https://scholarlykitchen.sspnet.org/2021/10/04/wiley-acquires-editorial-services-group/|access-date=February 21, 2022|website=The Scholarly Kitchen|language=en-US}}</ref>

In 2023, Academic Partnerships acquired Wiley's online education business for $150 million.<ref name="Coffey">{{Cite web |last=Coffey |first=Lauren |title=Merger of Online Program Companies Suggests 'Reset' in the Market |url=https://www.insidehighered.com/news/tech-innovation/teaching-learning/2023/11/15/academic-partnerships-buys-wileys-online-business |access-date=2023-11-17 |website=Inside Higher Ed |language=en}}</ref>

===Emerging markets=== In December 2010, Wiley opened an office in Dubai.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/Section/id-410448.html|title=Wiley Opens Office in Dubai|access-date=February 19, 2022|archive-date=February 7, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190207072613/https://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/Section/id-410448.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Wiley established publishing operations in India in 2006 (though it has had a sales presence since 1966), and has established a presence in North Africa through sales contracts with academic institutions in Tunisia, Libya, and Egypt.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://media.wiley.com/assets/7013/31/SummerFall2011.pdf|title=High growth and emerging markets: a 21st century strategy|access-date=February 19, 2022|archive-date=November 4, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211104225410/https://media.wiley.com/assets/7013/31/SummerFall2011.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Wiley Brasil Editora LTDA in São Paulo, Brazil, was established in 2012.<ref>{{cite press release|title=Wiley Establishes Wiley Brasil Editora LTDA|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|url=https://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/PressRelease/pressReleaseId-103208.html|access-date=February 19, 2022|archive-date=August 22, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190822134235/https://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/PressRelease/pressReleaseId-103208.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Acquisitions=== Wiley acquired Blackwell Publishing in February 2007 for {{US$|1.12 billion}}.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/32777761/john_wiley_takes_over_blackwell/|title=John Wiley takes over Blackwell Publishing|last=Fletcher|first=Carol|date=February 8, 2007|work=The Record|publisher=New Jersey Media Group|issue=249|location=Hackensack, New Jersey|volume=112|page=B3|via=Newspapers.com|access-date=June 12, 2019|archive-date=October 10, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191010200810/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/32777761/john_wiley_takes_over_blackwell/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release|title=Wiley to Acquire Blackwell Publishing (Holdings) Ltd.|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|date=November 17, 2006|url=https://www.blackwellpublishing.com/pdf/wiley.pdf|access-date=June 7, 2007|archive-date=March 17, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070317075548/http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/pdf/wiley.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>{{Self-published inline|date=June 2019}} The combined business, named Scientific, Technical, Medical, and Scholarly (also known as Wiley-Blackwell), publishes, in print and online, 1,600 scholarly peer-reviewed journals and an extensive collection of books, reference works, databases, and laboratory manuals in the life and physical sciences, medicine and allied health, engineering, the humanities, and the social sciences.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Wiley Journals |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/library-info/products/journals#:~:text=Firmly%20established%20as%20the%20world's,international%20scholarly%20and%20professional%20societies.%7Ctitle=About |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230726124048/https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/library-info/products/journals |archive-date=July 26, 2023 |access-date=July 26, 2023 |website=Wiley}}</ref>

Through a backfile initiative completed in 2007, 8.2 million pages of journal content have been made available online, a collection dating back to 1799. Wiley-Blackwell also publishes on behalf of about 700 professional and scholarly societies; among them are the American Cancer Society (ACS), for which it publishes ''Cancer'', the flagship ACS journal; the Sigma Theta Tau International Honor Society of Nursing; and the American Anthropological Association. Other journals published include ''Angewandte Chemie'', ''Advanced Materials'', ''Hepatology'', ''International Finance'' and ''Liver Transplantation''.<ref>{{cite press release|title=Scientific, Technical, Medical, and Scholarly (Wiley-Blackwell)|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|year=2008|url=https://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/Section/id-301704.html|access-date=July 18, 2009|archive-date=April 19, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090419230141/http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/Section/id-301704.html|url-status=live}}</ref>{{Anchor|Wiley-Interscience|Wiley InterScience}}

Wiley Interscience was launched in 1997. It provided online access to Wiley journals, reference works, and books, including backfile content.<ref>{{Cite news |date=September 21, 1997 |title=Wiley InterScience |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/32776571/wiley_interscience_website_launch/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220220075838/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/32776571/wiley-interscience-website-launch/ |archive-date=February 20, 2022 |access-date=June 12, 2019 |work=The Daily News Journal |department=Net Sites |publisher=The Mid-South Publishing Company |location=Murfreesboro, Tennessee |page=7D |via=Newspapers.com |volume=150 |issue=97}}</ref> Journals previously from Blackwell Publishing were available online from Blackwell Synergy until they were integrated into Wiley Interscience on June 30, 2008. In December 2007, Wiley also began distributing its technical titles through the Safari Books Online e-reference service. Interscience was supplanted by Wiley Online Library in 2010.<ref name="WOL" />

Wiley acquired Inscape Holdings Inc. in 2012, to provide DISC assessments and training for interpersonal business skills.<ref>{{cite press release|title=Wiley Acquires Inscape, a Leading Provider of DiSC-Based Learning Solutions|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|year=2012|url=https://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/PressRelease/pressReleaseId-102517.html|access-date=February 17, 2012|archive-date=August 22, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190822134234/https://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/PressRelease/pressReleaseId-102517.html|url-status=live}}</ref> A month later, Wiley announced its intention to divest assets in the areas of travel (including the Frommer's brand), culinary, general interest, nautical, pets, and crafts, as well as the Webster's New World and CliffsNotes brands. The planned divestiture was aligned with Wiley's "increased strategic focus on content and services for research, learning, and professional practices, and on lifelong learning through digital technology".<ref>{{cite press release|title=Wiley to Divest Selected Publishing Assets|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|year=2012|url=https://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/PressRelease/pressReleaseId-102770.html|access-date=March 7, 2012|archive-date=March 10, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120310010957/http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/PressRelease/pressReleaseId-102770.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In May 2012, the company acquired publishing company Harlan Davidson, Inc., which is a family-owned business based in Illinois.<ref>{{cite web|title= Wiley Buys Harlan Davidson |date= May 8, 2012 |work= Publishers Weekly |language= en |url= https://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/industry-news/publisher-news/article/51862-college-history-publisher-harlan-davidson-bought-by-wiley.html |access-date= November 4, 2024 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20241104173815/https://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/industry-news/publisher-news/article/51862-college-history-publisher-harlan-davidson-bought-by-wiley.html |archive-date= November 4, 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> On August 13 of the same year, Wiley announced it entered into a definitive agreement to sell all of its travel assets, including all of its interests in the Frommer's brand, to Google Inc.<ref>{{cite press release|title=Wiley to Sell Travel Publishing Program|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|year=2012|url=https://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/PressRelease/pressReleaseId-104519.html|access-date=August 13, 2012|archive-date=August 15, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120815222708/http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/PressRelease/pressReleaseId-104519.html|url-status=live}}</ref> On November 6, 2012, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt acquired Wiley's cookbooks, dictionaries and study guides.<ref>{{Cite web|title=HMH buys John Wiley portfolio|work=Financial Times|access-date=January 1, 2019|date=November 8, 2012|url=https://www.ft.com/content/9f819a32-29dc-11e2-9a46-00144feabdc0|archive-date=August 22, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190822134227/https://www.ft.com/content/9f819a32-29dc-11e2-9a46-00144feabdc0|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2013, Wiley sold its pets, crafts and general interest lines to Turner Publishing Company and its nautical line to Fernhurst Books.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wiley: Fernhurst Books Acquires Nautical Titles from Wiley's General Interest Consumer Publishing Program|access-date=January 1, 2019|url=https://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/PressRelease/pressReleaseId-108846.html |website=Wiley |date=May 31, 2013 |archive-date=January 2, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190102050408/https://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/PressRelease/pressReleaseId-108846.html|url-status=live}}</ref> HarperCollins acquired parts of Wiley Canada's trade operations in 2013; the remaining Canadian trade operations were merged into Wiley U.S.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wiley stops publishing Canadian business books: Roseman |work=The Star |first1=Ellen |last1=Roseman |date=May 22, 2013|access-date=January 1, 2019|url=https://www.thestar.com/business/personal_finance/2013/05/22/wiley_stops_publishing_canadian_business_books_roseman.html|archive-date=January 16, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210116163818/https://www.thestar.com/business/personal_finance/2013/05/22/wiley_stops_publishing_canadian_business_books_roseman.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2021, Wiley acquired eJournalPress (EJP), a company developing web-based applications for scholarly publishing.<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 15, 2021 |title=Wiley Acquires eJournal Press |url=https://www.niso.org/niso-io/2021/12/wiley-acquires-ejournal-press |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220216101421/http://www.niso.org/niso-io/2021/12/wiley-acquires-ejournal-press |archive-date=February 16, 2022 |access-date=February 16, 2022 |website=NISO}}</ref>

In 2021, Wiley acquired Hindawi, an open access journals publishing firm, for $298 million in cash.<ref name="Business Wire" /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/107140/000010714021000014/form10q.htm|title=Form 10q|quote=The fair value of the cash consideration transferred, net of $1.0 million of cash acquired was approximately $298.3 million. [...] approximate four-month impact of the Hindawi acquisition (Revenue +$10 million, Adjusted EBITDA neutral, and Adjusted EPS dilutive by $0.15). [...] As a result of the acquisition, we are reviewing the internal controls of Hindawi and are making appropriate changes as deemed necessary. {{as of|2021|1|31|post=,|df=US}} Hindawi represented less than 1% of total consolidated assets, excluding goodwill and intangible assets which are included within the scope of assessment, and represented less than 0.2% of total consolidated revenues of the Company for the nine months ended January 31, 2021.|access-date=February 20, 2022|archive-date=May 9, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210509061901/https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=%2FArchives%2Fedgar%2Fdata%2F107140%2F000010714021000014%2Fform10q.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Wiley kept Hindawi's journals under their original brand name.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wiley.com/network/archive/wiley-acquires-hindawi-qa-with-liz-ferguson |date=February 23, 2021 |website=Wiley |title=Wiley acquires Hindawi: A Q&A with Liz Ferguson|access-date=May 7, 2021|archive-date=February 27, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227020519/https://www.wiley.com/network/archive/wiley-acquires-hindawi-qa-with-liz-ferguson|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2023, over 8000 articles from paper mills are retracted in numerous Hindawi journals.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Kincaid |first=Ellie |date=2023-12-19 |title=Hindawi reveals process for retracting more than 8,000 paper mill articles |url=https://retractionwatch.com/2023/12/19/hindawi-reveals-process-for-retracting-more-than-8000-paper-mill-articles/ |access-date=2025-08-04 |website=Retraction Watch |language=en-US |quote=[As of December] 2023, Hindawi has retracted over 8,000 articles [... and] Hindawi is not done cleaning up from paper mills’ infiltration of its special issues [.] However, [Adam Day] noted that [...] papermill articles [are still showing up] in Hindawi journals as of [spring of 2023], after the publisher resumed special issues [. Dorothy Bishop] critiqued the framing [of] Hindawi as a victim of an “academic culture of ‘publish or perish’ [... omitting] the influence of the commercial [publisher's] culture of greed, which aims for massive growth in the number of published papers, with associated growth in profits. By her calculations, Hindawi would have brought in millions of dollars from article processing charges for now-retracted papers: “The authors of these articles don’t get their money back.”}}</ref> Wiley ceased using the Hindawi brand that same year, with the brand's 200 remaining journals marketed with the Wiley brand.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2024-01-18 |title=Paper mills are bribing editors at scholarly journals, Science investigation finds |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.zrjehzt |journal=Science |doi=10.1126/science.zrjehzt|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name="RW2023">{{Cite web |title=Wiley to stop using "Hindawi" name amid $18 million revenue decline |url= https://retractionwatch.com/2023/12/06/wiley-to-stop-using-hindawi-name-amid-18-million-revenue-decline/|access-date=2023-12-08 |website=Retraction Watch |date= 6 December 2023|language=en}}</ref> The Wiley CEO who initiated the Hindawi acquisition stepped down thereafter. As of April 2024, Wiley's journals receive about 10,000 monthly manuscript submissions, and 10-13% of those are flagged as fictitious (e.g., from a paper mill).<ref name="Retraction Watch">{{cite web |date=March 2024 |title=Up to one in seven submissions to hundreds of Wiley journals flagged by new paper mill tool |url=https://retractionwatch.com/2024/03/14/up-to-one-in-seven-of-submissions-to-hundreds-of-wiley-journals-show-signs-of-paper-mill-activity/ |access-date=March 17, 2024 |publisher=Retraction Watch}}</ref>

==Products==

===Brands and partnerships=== thumb|upright=0.5|The old logo of Sybex, a Wiley brand of computer books

Wiley's Professional Development brands include ''For Dummies'', Jossey-Bass, Pfeiffer, Wrox Press, J.K. Lasser, Sybex, Fisher Investments Press, and Bloomberg Press. The STMS business is also known as Wiley-Blackwell, formed following the acquisition of Blackwell Publishing in February 2007. Brands include The Cochrane Library and more than 1,500 journals.{{citation needed|date=January 2025}}

Wiley-Blackwell offers journal publishing services for other organizations, some of them are American Cancer Society and The Physiological Society.<ref>{{cite press release|title=Rittenhouse Quarterly Report|publisher=Rittenhouse Book Distributors|year=2008|url=https://rittenhousereport.com/FeaturedPubs.aspx|access-date=April 24, 2008|archive-date=September 7, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080907202859/http://rittenhousereport.com/FeaturedPubs.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref> Wiley, along with other publishers, created CourseSmart as an online retailer selling college textbooks as eBooks.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.coursesmart.com/aboutus?aboutview=media#pressedmap|title=New Agreement Makes eTextbooks Available to Students|access-date=February 19, 2022|archive-date=September 23, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923210744/http://www.coursesmart.com/aboutus?aboutview=media#pressedmap|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2016, Wiley launched a worldwide partnership with Christian H. Cooper to create a program for candidates taking the Financial Risk Manager exam offered by the Global Association of Risk Professionals. The program will be built on the existing Wiley efficient learning platform and Christian's legacy Financial Risk Manager<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.efficientlearning.com/frm/|title=Wiley FRM - FRM Study Material & Exam Prep|website=Wiley FRM|access-date=December 6, 2018|archive-date=July 12, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160712063536/http://www.efficientlearning.com/frm/|url-status=live}}</ref> product. The partnership is built on the view the FRM designation will rapidly grow to be one of the premier financial designations for practitioners that will track the growth of the Chartered Financial Analyst designation. The program will serve tens of thousands of FRM candidates worldwide and is based on the adaptive learning technology of Wiley's efficient learning platform and Christian's unique writing style and legacy book series.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.prweb.com/releases/wiley_partners_with_christian_h_cooper_to_deliver_cutting_edge_study_materials_for_frm_candidates_worldwide/prweb13174598.htm|title=Wiley Partners With Christian H. Cooper To Deliver Cutting-Edge Study Materials For FRM Candidates Worldwide|website=PRWeb|access-date=December 6, 2018|archive-date=January 24, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200124155714/http://www.prweb.com/releases/2016/01/prweb13174598.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>

With the integration of digital technology and the traditional print medium, Wiley has stated that in the near future its customers will be able to search across all its content regardless of original medium and assemble a custom product in the format of choice.<ref>{{cite press release|title=2006 Annual Report|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|year=2006|url=https://www.wiley.com/legacy/annual_reports/ar_2006/time.html|access-date=February 4, 2008|archive-date=March 4, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080304072458/http://www.wiley.com/legacy/annual_reports/ar_2006/time.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Web resources are also enabling new types of publisher-customer interactions within the company's various businesses.{{citation needed|date=January 2025}}

===Open access=== In 2016, Wiley began a collaboration with the open access publisher Hindawi to help convert nine Wiley journals to full open access. In 2018 a further announcement was made indicating that the Wiley-Hindawi collaboration would launch an additional four new fully open access journals.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.stm-publishing.com/wiley-and-hindawi-expand-open-access-publishing-collaboration/|title=Wiley and Hindawi expand open access publishing collaboration|date=October 25, 2018|access-date=April 2, 2019|archive-date=April 2, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402205139/http://www.stm-publishing.com/wiley-and-hindawi-expand-open-access-publishing-collaboration/|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2023, over 8000 fictitious academic papers were retracted from Hindawi journals.<ref name=":0" /> As of April 2024, about 10% of all manuscript submissions Wiley received are flagged as fictitious.<ref name="Retraction Watch" />

On January 18, 2019, Wiley signed a contract with Project DEAL to begin open access to its academic journals for more than 700 academic institutions.<ref>{{cite web|last=Kupferschmidt|first=Kai|url=https://www.science.org/content/article/groundbreaking-deal-makes-large-number-german-studies-free-public?et_rid=382659176&et_cid=2607889/|title=Groundbreaking deal makes large number of German studies free to public|work=Science|date=January 18, 2019|access-date=February 20, 2022|archive-date=February 5, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210205094026/https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2019/01/groundbreaking-deal-makes-large-number-german-studies-free-public?et_rid=382659176&et_cid=2607889%2F|url-status=live}}</ref> It is the first contract between a publisher and a leading research nation (Germany) toward open access to scientific research.{{citation needed|date=January 2024}}

===Higher education=== Higher Education's "WileyPLUS" is an online product that combines electronic versions of texts with media resources and tools for instructors and students. It is intended to provide a single source from which instructors can manage their courses, create presentations, and assign and grade homework and tests; students can receive hints and explanations as they work on homework, and link back to relevant sections of the text.{{citation needed|date=January 2025}}

"Wiley Custom Select" launched in February 2009 as a custom textbook system allowing instructors to combine content from different Wiley textbooks and lab manuals and add in their own material. The company has begun to make content from its STMS business available to instructors through the system, with content from its Professional/Trade business to follow.<ref>{{cite press release|title=Wiley Custom Select|publisher=Mark Logic|year=2009|url=https://www.marklogic.com/news-and-events/press-releases/2009/announcing-wiley-custom-select-next-generation-custom-publishing-application-powered-by-mark-logic.html|access-date=May 25, 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101224004224/https://www.marklogic.com/news-and-events/press-releases/2009/announcing-wiley-custom-select-next-generation-custom-publishing-application-powered-by-mark-logic.html|archive-date=December 24, 2010}}</ref>

In September 2019, Wiley entered into a collaboration with IIM Lucknow to offer analytics courses for finance executives.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mileseducation.com/analytics/data_analytics|title=Miles Education {{!}} IIM Lucknow courses and MDP alumni status for working professionals|website=www.mileseducation.com|access-date=November 8, 2019|archive-date=October 17, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191017104949/https://www.mileseducation.com/analytics/data_analytics|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/education/iims-roll-out-specific-post-graduate-programmes-in-business-data-analytics-119100700538_1.html|title=IIMs roll out specific post-graduate programmes in business, data analytics|last=Umarji|first=Vinay|date=October 7, 2019|work=Business Standard India|access-date=November 8, 2019|archive-date=October 17, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191017104918/https://www.business-standard.com/article/education/iims-roll-out-specific-post-graduate-programmes-in-business-data-analytics-119100700538_1.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Online program management === In November 2011, Wiley Education Services announced the purchase Deltak for $220 million.<ref>{{Cite web |last=CNBC |date=2012-10-02 |title=Wiley to Acquire Deltak.edu, LLC, Leading Provider of Online Degree Program Services |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2012/10/02/wiley-to-acquire-deltakedu-llc-leading-provider-of-online-degree-program-services.html |access-date=2023-11-17 |website=CNBC}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Rubin |first=Ben Fox |date=2012-10-02 |title=Wiley to Buy Deltak, an Online Education Company |language=en-US |work=The Wall Street Journal |url=http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10000872396390444592404578032212248105382.html |access-date=2023-11-17 |issn=0099-9660}}</ref> Wiley later acquired The Learning House in 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-11-02 |title=Wiley Acquires Learning House for $200M - EdSurge News |url=https://www.edsurge.com/news/2018-11-02-wiley-acquires-learning-house-for-200m |access-date=2023-11-17 |website=EdSurge |language=en}}</ref> This made Wiley one of the largest online program manager (OPM) providers at the time, with 60 university partners and more than 700 online programs.<ref name="Coffey"/>

In June 2023, Wiley announced that they would divest several business units, including Wiley University Services.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wiley Reports Fourth Quarter and Fiscal Year 2023 Results |url=https://ih.advfn.com/stock-market/NYSE/john-wiley-and-sons-WLYB/stock-news/91342541/wiley-reports-fourth-quarter-and-fiscal-year-2023 |access-date=2023-11-17 |website=Investors Hub |language=en-US}}</ref> Wiley's 2023 full year revenue was $208 million, an 8% reduction from the prior year.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Associates |first=On EdTech by Phil Hill & |title=Shifts in the OPM Market - Pearson & Wiley |url=https://onedtech.philhillaa.com/p/shocking-but-not-shocking |access-date=2023-11-17 |website=On EdTech Newsletter |language=en}}</ref> In 2020, Wiley reported $232 million in OPM revenue with organic growth of 11% compared to prior year.<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 11, 2020 |title=Fourth Quarter and Fiscal Year 2020 Earnings Review |url=https://flight.beehiiv.net/v2/clicks/eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.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.imOJS_fxQWPqVBQSH95Xz7WOR94f7zM5KY7NwX64z_c }}</ref> In November 2023, Academic Partnerships announced they would purchase Wiley's OPM business for $110 million.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Academic Partnerships to buy Wiley's OPM business for base price of $110M |url=https://www.highereddive.com/news/academic-partnerships-wiley-opm-business/699775/ |access-date=2023-11-17 |website=Higher Ed Dive |language=en-US}}</ref>

===Medicine=== In January 2008, Wiley launched a new version of its evidence-based medicine (EBM) product, InfoPOEMs with InfoRetriever, under the name Essential Evidence Plus, providing primary-care clinicians with point-of-care access to the most extensive source of EBM information<ref>{{cite press release|title=News|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|year=2008|url=https://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/Section/id-301452,newsId-2331.html|access-date=April 24, 2008|archive-date=April 21, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080421025559/http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/Section/id-301452,newsId-2331.html|url-status=live}}</ref> via their PDAs/handheld devices and desktop computers. Essential Evidence Plus includes the InfoPOEMs daily EBM content alerting service and two new content resources—EBM Guidelines, a collection of practice guidelines, evidence summaries, and images, and e-Essential Evidence, a reference for general practitioners, nurses, and physician assistants providing first-contact care.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.essentialevidenceplus.com/product/ebm_overview.cfm|title=Evidence-Based Medicine - Essential Evidence Plus|website=www.essentialevidenceplus.com|access-date=November 8, 2019|archive-date=November 8, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191108114356/https://www.essentialevidenceplus.com/product/ebm_overview.cfm|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Architecture and design=== In October 2008, Wiley launched a new online service providing continuing education units (CEU) and professional development hour (PDH) credits to architects and designers. The initial courses are adapted from Wiley books, extending their reach into the digital space. Wiley is an accredited AIA continuing education provider.{{citation needed|date=December 2011}}

===Wiley Online Library=== Wiley Online Library is a subscription-based library of John Wiley & Sons that launched on August 7, 2010, replacing Wiley Interscience.<ref name="WOL">{{cite web|title=Wiley Online Library|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/|publisher=Wiley|access-date=February 19, 2022|archive-date=December 13, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211213070529/https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/|url-status=live}}</ref> It is a collection of online resources covering life, health, and physical sciences as well as social science and the humanities. To its members, Wiley Online Library delivers access to over 4 million articles from 1,600 journals, more than 22,000 books, and hundreds of reference works, laboratory protocols, and databases from John Wiley & Sons and its imprints, including Wiley-Blackwell, Wiley-VCH, and Jossey-Bass. The online library is implemented on top of the Literatum platform, developed by Atypon which Wiley acquired in 2016.{{citation needed|date=January 2025}}

==Corporate structure==

===Governance and operations=== While the company is led by an independent management team and Board of Directors, the involvement of the Wiley family is ongoing, with sixth-generation members (and siblings) Peter Booth Wiley as the non-executive chairman of the board and Bradford Wiley II as a Director and past chairman of the board. Seventh-generation members Jesse and Nate Wiley work in the company's Professional/Trade and Scientific, Technical, Medical, and Scholarly businesses, respectively.{{citation needed|date=January 2024}}

Wiley has been publicly owned since 1962, and listed on the New York Stock Exchange since 1995; its stock is traded under the symbols {{nyse|WLY}} (for its Class A stock) and {{nyse|WLYB}} (for its class B stock).

Wiley's operations are organized into three business divisions: *Scientific, Technical, Medical, and Scholarly (STMS), also known as Wiley-Blackwell *Professional Development *Global Education

The company has approximately 10,000 employees worldwide, with headquarters in Hoboken, New Jersey, since 2002.

===Corporate culture=== In 2008, Wiley was named for the second consecutive year to ''Forbes'' magazine's annual list of the "400 Best Big Companies in America". In 2007, ''Book Business'' magazine cited Wiley as "One of the 20 Best Book Publishing Companies to Work For". For two consecutive years, 2006 and 2005, ''Fortune'' magazine named Wiley one of the "100 Best Companies to Work For". Wiley Canada was named to ''Canadian Business'' magazine's 2006 list of "Best Workplaces in Canada", and Wiley Australia has received the Australian government's "Employer of Choice for Women" citation every year since its inception in 2001. In 2004, Wiley was named to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's "Best Workplaces for Commuters" list. ''Working Mother'' magazine in 2003 listed Wiley as one of the "100 Best Companies for Working Mothers", and that same year, the company received the Enterprise Award from the New Jersey Business & Industry Association in recognition of its contribution to the state's economic growth. In 1998, ''Financial Times ''selected Wiley as one of the "most respected companies" with a "strong and well thought out strategy" in its global survey of CEOs.{{citation needed|date=January 2024}}

In August 2009, the company announced a proposed reduction of Wiley-Blackwell staff in content management operations in the UK and Australia by approximately 60, in conjunction with an increase of staff in Asia.<ref name="UKjoblosses">{{cite web|url=https://www.thebookseller.com/news/94302-wiley-plans-redundancies-in-the-uk-and-australia.html|title=Wiley plans redundancies in the UK and Australia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091001080251/https://www.thebookseller.com/news/94302-wiley-plans-redundancies-in-the-uk-and-australia.html|archive-date=October 1, 2009}}</ref> In March 2010, it announced a similar reorganization of its Wiley-Blackwell central marketing operations that would lay off approximately 40 employees. The company's position was that the primary goal of this restructuring was to increase workflow efficiency. In June 2012, it announced the proposed closing of its Edinburgh facility in June 2013 with the intention of relocating journal content management activities currently performed there to Oxford and Asia. The move would lay off approximately 50 employees.<ref name="Edinburgh">{{cite web|url=https://www.thebookseller.com/news/john-wiley-close-edinburgh-facility.html|title=John Wiley to close Edinburgh facility|access-date=February 19, 2022|archive-date=August 17, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140817112931/http://www.thebookseller.com/news/john-wiley-close-edinburgh-facility.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

Wiley is a signatory of the SDG Publishers Compact,<ref name="members">{{cite web |title=SDG Publishers Compact Members |url=https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sdg-publishers-compact-members/ |website=United Nations Sustainable Development |access-date=18 July 2023}}</ref><ref name="UN">{{cite web |title=SDG Publishers Compact |url=https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sdg-publishers-compact/ |website=United Nations Sustainable Development |access-date=20 July 2023}}</ref> and has taken steps to support the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in the publishing industry.<ref>{{cite web |title=ESG and Wiley Impact Update |url=https://s27.q4cdn.com/812717746/files/doc_downloads/2022/FY22-ESG-and-Wiley-Impact-Update-Final.pdf |website=Wiley}}</ref> These include becoming carbon neutral and supporting reforestation.<ref name="Wiley">{{cite web |last1=von Graberg |first1=Till |title=Going Green at Wiley: A Publisher's Role in Sustainability |url=https://www.wiley.com/en-us/network/publishing/research-publishing/trending-stories/going-green-at-wiley-a-publisher-s-role-in-sustainability |website=Wiley|date=April 28, 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=ESG and Wiley Impact Update |url=https://s27.q4cdn.com/812717746/files/doc_downloads/2022/FY22-ESG-and-Wiley-Impact-Update-Final.pdf |website=Wiley}}</ref> Wiley's ''Natural Resources Forum'' was one of six out of 100 journals to receive the highest possible "Five Wheel" impact rating<ref>{{cite web |title=SDG-Impact Journal Rating |url=https://blog.cabells.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/SDG_Impact_Journal_Rating.pdf |website=Cabells}}</ref> from an SDG Impact Intensity journal rating system analyzing data from 2016 to 2020.<ref name="Rodenburg">{{cite journal |last1=Rodenburg |first1=Kathleen |last2=Rowan |first2=Michael |last3=Nixon |first3=Andrew |last4=Christensen Hughes |first4=Julia |title=The Misalignment of the FT50 with the Achievement of the UN's SDGs: A Call for Responsible Research Assessment by Business Schools |journal=Sustainability |date=January 2022 |volume=14 |issue=15 |pages=9598 |doi=10.3390/su14159598 |language=en |issn=2071-1050|doi-access=free |bibcode=2022Sust...14.9598R }}</ref><ref name="Linacre">{{cite news |last1=Linacre |first1=Simon |title=the source / Cabells launches new SDG Impact Intensity journal rating system in partnership with Saint Joseph's University's Haub School of Business |url=https://blog.cabells.com/2021/03/17/cabells-launches-new-sdg-impact-intensity-journal-rating-system-in-partnership-with-saint-josephs-universitys-haub-school-of-business/ |work=the source |date=17 March 2021}}</ref>

===Gender pay gap=== Wiley reported a mean 2017 gender pay gap of 21.1% for its UK workforce, while the median was 21.5%. The gender bonus gaps are far higher, at 50.7% for the median measure and 42.3% for the mean. Wiley said: "Our mean and median bonus gaps are driven by our highest earners, who are predominantly male."<ref>{{cite web|access-date=August 11, 2019|title=Four more academic publishers reveal gender pay gaps|url=https://www.thebookseller.com/news/tf-wiley-sage-and-cup-reveal-gender-pay-gap-data-759561|website=www.thebookseller.com|archive-date=August 11, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190811075435/https://www.thebookseller.com/news/tf-wiley-sage-and-cup-reveal-gender-pay-gap-data-759561|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Controversies==

=== Forced inclusion of content in AI LLM training=== In August 2024, it was reported that Wiley was projected to earn $44 million (£33 million) by providing Artificial Intelligence (AI) firms access to Wiley-published content for the purpose of training Large Language Models (LLMs) and that authors would not have the option to "opt out" of including their work in these training data sets. Groups representing authors, including the Society of Authors and the Creators' Rights Alliance, have expressed ethical concerns about these deals, citing a lack of transparency from publishers and affirmative consent from authors.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wiley set to earn $44m from AI rights deals, confirms "no opt-out" for authors |url=https://www.thebookseller.com/news/wiley-set-to-earn-44m-from-ai-rights-deals-confirms-no-opt-out-for-authors |access-date=2024-09-27 |website=The Bookseller |language=En}}</ref>

===Journal protests=== In 2020, the entire editorial board of the {{ill|European Law Journal|qid=Q15759262|s=1|v=sup|italic=y}} resigned over a dispute about contract terms and the behavior of its publisher, Wiley. The staff alleged that Wiley did not allow the editorial board members to decide editorial appointments and decisions.<ref name="RetractionWatch">{{cite web|last1=Marcus|first1=Adam|title=Entire board of law journal resigns in a 'small act of resistance'|url=https://retractionwatch.com/2020/02/05/entire-board-of-law-journal-resigns-in-a-small-act-of-resistance/|website=Retraction Watch|date=February 5, 2020|access-date=February 7, 2020|archive-date=February 7, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200207034414/https://retractionwatch.com/2020/02/05/entire-board-of-law-journal-resigns-in-a-small-act-of-resistance/|url-status=live}}</ref>

A majority of the editorial board of the journal ''Diversity & Distributions'' resigned in 2018 after Wiley allegedly blocked the publication of a letter protesting the publisher's decision to make the journal entirely open access.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Marcus|first1=Adam|title=Majority of journal's editorial board resigns after publisher's handling of letter about move to open access|url=https://retractionwatch.com/2018/11/28/majority-of-journals-editorial-board-resigns-after-publishers-handling-of-letter-about-move-to-open-access/|website=Retraction Watch|date=November 28, 2018|access-date=May 5, 2020|archive-date=February 4, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200204165150/https://retractionwatch.com/2018/11/28/majority-of-journals-editorial-board-resigns-after-publishers-handling-of-letter-about-move-to-open-access/|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Publication practices=== According to Retraction Watch, Wiley makes some articles disappear from their journals without any explanation.<ref>{{cite web|title=A Wiley journal makes another article disappear|url=https://retractionwatch.com/2020/06/23/a-wiley-journal-makes-another-article-disappear/|website=Retraction Watch|date=June 29, 2020|access-date=June 29, 2020|archive-date=June 30, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200630024613/https://retractionwatch.com/2020/06/23/a-wiley-journal-makes-another-article-disappear/|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Manipulation of bibliometrics=== According to Goodhart's law and concerned academics like the signatories of the San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment, commercial academic publishers benefit from manipulation of bibliometrics and scientometrics like the journal impact factor, which is often used as proxy of prestige and can influence revenues, including public subsidies in the form of subscriptions and free work from academics.<ref>{{cite journal | doi=10.7554/eLife.47338 | title=Use of the Journal Impact Factor in academic review, promotion, and tenure evaluations | year=2019 | last1=McKiernan | first1=Erin C. | last2=Schimanski | first2=Lesley A. | last3=Muñoz Nieves | first3=Carol | last4=Matthias | first4=Lisa | last5=Niles | first5=Meredith T. |author5-link=Meredith Niles| last6=Alperin | first6=Juan P. | journal=eLife | volume=8 | pmid=31364991 | pmc=6668985 | doi-access=free }}</ref>

Five Wiley journals, which exhibited unusual levels of self-citation, had their journal impact factor of 2019 suspended from ''Journal Citation Reports'' in 2020, a sanction which hit 34 journals in total.<ref>{{cite web|first1=Ivan|last1=Oransky|access-date=July 1, 2020|title=Major indexing service sounds alarm on self-citations by nearly 50 journals|url=https://retractionwatch.com/2020/06/29/major-indexing-service-sounds-alarm-on-self-citations-by-nearly-50-journals/|date=June 29, 2020|archive-date=June 29, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200629225455/https://retractionwatch.com/2020/06/29/major-indexing-service-sounds-alarm-on-self-citations-by-nearly-50-journals/}}</ref>

===Publication of "Paper Mill" generated papers=== In April 2022, the journal ''Science'' revealed that a Ukrainian company, International Publisher Ltd., run by Ksenia Badziun, operates a Russian website where academics can purchase authorships in soon-to-be-published academic papers.<ref name="pop">{{cite web |url=https://www.science.org/content/article/russian-website-peddles-authorships-linked-reputable-journals |title=Russian site peddles paper authorship in reputable journals for up to $5000 a pop: Advertisements promised adding names to articles that appeared in dozens of journals |author=Dalmeet Singh Chawla |date=April 6, 2022 |website=Science |access-date=April 18, 2022}}</ref> Over a two-year period, researchers found that at least 419 articles "appeared to match manuscripts that later appeared in dozens of different journals" and that "more than 100 of these identified papers were published in 68 journals run by established publishers, including Elsevier, Oxford University Press, Springer Nature, Taylor & Francis, Wolters Kluwer, and Wiley-Blackwell."<ref name="pop" /> Wiley-Blackwell claimed that they were examining the specific papers that were identified and brought to their attention.<ref name="pop" />

In 2024, Wiley closed down 19 of the about 250 journals it had acquired in the Hindawi deal, after retracting "more than 11,300 'compromised' studies over the past two years"; Wiley had earlier shuttered four journals for publishing fake articles coming from paper mills.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.insidehighered.com/news/quick-takes/2024/05/15/wiley-shutter-19-journals# |access-date=May 15, 2024 |title=Wiley to Shutter 19 Journals |date=May 15, 2024 |first=Johanna |last=Alonso |newspaper=Inside Higher Education}}</ref>

===COI between climate research and fossil fuel industry=== Wiley is a publisher of climate change research, but also publishes a journal dedicated to fossil-fuel exploration. Climate scientists are concerned that this conflict of interest could undermine the credibility of climate science because they believe that fossil fuel extraction and climate action are incompatible.<ref>{{cite news |title=Revealed: leading climate research publisher helps fuel oil and gas drilling |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/feb/24/elsevier-publishing-climate-science-fossil-fuels |first= Amy |last=Westervelt |newspaper=The Guardian |date=24 February 2022 |access-date=6 April 2025 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title=COP26 and the Dynamics of Anti-Fossil Fuel Norms |first1=Harro |last1=van Asselt |first2=Fergus |last2=Green |date=2023 |journal=Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change |volume=14 |issue=3 |pages=e816 |doi=10.1002/wcc.816 |bibcode=2023WIRCC..14E.816V |doi-access=free }}</ref>

==Copyright cases== ===Hindawi case=== In 2021, Wiley purchased another Open Access company named Hindawi.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://newsroom.wiley.com/press-releases/press-release-details/2021/Wiley-Announces-the-Acquisition-of-Hindawi/default.aspx/ |title=Wiley Announces the Acquisition of Hindawi |archive-date=May 24, 2025 |access-date=January 14, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250524015730/https://newsroom.wiley.com/press-releases/press-release-details/2021/Wiley-Announces-the-Acquisition-of-Hindawi/default.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> Shortly after, many articles published by Hindawi were retracted and Scopus disconnected all of them from their database.

===Photographer copyrights=== A 2013 lawsuit brought by a stock photo agency for alleged violation of a 1997 license was dismissed for procedural reasons.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://docs.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/california/candce/3:2012cv04601/258652/78|title=Minden Pictures, Inc. v. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.|quote=Minden is a stock photography agency that licenses photographs to publishers, including Wiley. [...] In 1997, Minden licensed a number of photographs to Wiley for use in several educational publications. Compl. [...] In the instant action, Minden alleges that Wiley infringed the copyrights in the licensed photographs by exceeding the limitations imposed in the licenses.|date=January 27, 2014|access-date=April 6, 2019|archive-date=April 6, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190406091028/https://docs.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/california/candce/3:2012cv04601/258652/78|url-status=live}}</ref>

A 2014 ruling by the District Court for the Southern District of New York,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://api.case.law/v1/cases/4119847/?full_case=true&format=html|title=JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC., Plaintiff/Counter-Defendant, v. DRK PHOTO, Defendant/Counter-Plaintiff|date=February 21, 2014|id=998 F. Supp. 2d 262 No. 11 Civ. 5454(KPF) United States District Court, S.D. New York|url-access=registration|quote=DRK contends that its licenses with Wiley for the images at issue in these instances were limited in scope in terms of the print run, media, and/or geographic distribution, and that Wiley violated the license terms by printing more units than authorized, selling the photographs beyond the licensed geographic distribution areas, and/or using the photographs electronically without permission. [...] The record establishes that Wiley infringed on DRK's copyrights for the Three Bean Instances. [...] Because Wiley has failed to raise any issue of material fact as to whether it exceeded the scope of its license for the Three Bean Instances, summary judgment is granted in DRK's favor for these instances.}}</ref> later affirmed by the Second Circuit,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bna.com/john-wiley-partial-n57982088994/|title=John Wiley Partial Photo Copyright Win Affirmed On Appeal|first=Peter|last=Leung|date=February 20, 2018|newspaper=Intellectual Property on Bloomberg Law|access-date=April 6, 2019|archive-date=April 6, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190406085613/https://www.bna.com/john-wiley-partial-n57982088994/|url-status=live}}</ref> says that Wiley infringed on the copyright of photographer Tom Bean by using his photos beyond the scope of the license it had purchased. The case was connected to a larger set of copyright infringement cases brought by photo agency DRK against various publishers.<ref>{{cite news|title=Agreements with photographers did not give stock photo agency standing to sue for copyright infringement|first=Thomas|last=Long|date=June 11, 2014|newspaper=Intellectual Property Law Daily|url=https://www.dailyreportingsuite.com/ip/news/agreements_with_photographers_did_not_give_stock_photo_agency_standing_to_sue_for_copyright_infringement|access-date=February 19, 2022|archive-date=April 6, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190406085605/http://www.dailyreportingsuite.com/ip/news/agreements_with_photographers_did_not_give_stock_photo_agency_standing_to_sue_for_copyright_infringement|url-status=live}}</ref>

A 2015 9th Circuit Court of Appeals opinion established that another photo agency had standing to sue Wiley for its usage of photos beyond the scope of the license acquired.<ref>{{cite court|litigants=Minden Pictures v. John Wiley & Sons|court=Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit|url=https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/2821422/minden-pictures-v-john-wiley-sons/?q=MINDEN+PICTURES+v+wiley|quote=Until recently, Minden entered into 'Agency Agreements' with the individual photographers for whom it serves as a licensing agent. The Agency Agreements at the heart of this case were executed between 1993 and 2008. [...] One company to which Minden granted licenses is an educational publisher, John Wiley & Sons. [...] Because we conclude that the Agency Agreements convey the rights to reproduce, distribute, and display the photographs to Minden via an 'exclusive license' to grant licenses to third parties, we hold that Minden may bring an infringement action to remedy the unauthorized reproduction, distribution, and display of the photographs by those to whom it has granted licenses. We do not reach Minden's remaining arguments.}}</ref>

===Used books=== In 2018, a Southern District of New York court upheld the award of over $39 million to Wiley and other textbook publishers in a vast litigation against Book Dog Books, a re-seller of used books which was found to hold and distribute counterfeit copies. The Court found that circumstantial evidence was sufficient to establish distribution of 116 titles for which counterfeit copies had been presented and of other 5 titles. It also found that unchallenged testimony on how the publishers usually acquired licenses from authors was sufficient to establish the publishers' copyright on the books in question.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://api.case.law/v1/cases/4119847/?full_case=true&format=html|title=John Wiley & Sons, Inc. et al v. Book Dog Books, LLC et al|id=448|author=Judge William H. Pauley, III|date=August 17, 2018|quote=Scorched-earth litigation ensued, including numerous discovery motions, followed by appeals of determinations made by the Magistrate Judge, and multiple motions for summary judgment (followed by motions for reconsideration). [...] Defendants now resurrect that argument, contending that no reasonable jury could find sufficient evidence of distribution for 116 works. [...] Defendants continued to purchase from sources that they knew sold counterfeits. [...] Further, the jury learned that Defendants kept inadequate records. [...] Defendants acknowledge that infringement can be established through circumstantial evidence. [...] Second, Defendants challenge the five works for which Plaintiffs did not present a counterfeit copy. However, the jury heard that Defendants had purchased copies of those works from Best Books World, a known counterfeiter [...] But deposition testimony revealed that those distributors considered Defendants to be one of the most prevalent suppliers of counterfeit books and had ceased doing business with Defendants based on their history of infringement. [...] Defendants assert that Plaintiffs failed to demonstrate ownership for thirteen titles, meaning that Plaintiffs failed to establish statutory standing to sue for those works. [...] In each instance, while the copyright registrations submitted in evidence identified someone other than Cengage or Pearson as the copyright holder, trial testimony established that the person or entity listed was either the textbook's author or a publishing company acquired by Cengage or Pearson. Plaintiffs maintained that Cengage or Pearson were granted exclusive licenses for these works. Although Plaintiffs did not submit documentation, Cengage representative Jessica Stitt testified that Cengage owns or holds the exclusive license for every Cengage title. [...] Defendants never challenged this testimony, nor did they ask any questions regarding Plaintiffs' ownership of these works. No contradictory evidence of ownership presented. The jury was entirely justified in concluding that Plaintiffs established ownership for all works.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.insidehighered.com/quicktakes/2018/04/09/publishers-win-big-fake-textbook-lawsuit|title=Publishers Win Big in Fake-Textbook Lawsuit|first=Lindsay|last=McKenzie|date=April 9, 2018|newspaper=Inside Higher Ed|access-date=April 6, 2019|archive-date=April 6, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190406090147/https://www.insidehighered.com/quicktakes/2018/04/09/publishers-win-big-fake-textbook-lawsuit|url-status=live}}</ref>

===''Kirtsaeng v. John Wiley & Sons''=== {{Main|Kirtsaeng v. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.}}

In 2008, John Wiley & Sons filed suit against Thailand native Supap Kirtsaeng over the sale of textbooks made outside of the United States and then imported into the country.<ref>[https://www.oyez.org/cases/2012/11-697 ''John Wiley & Sons, Inc. v. Kirtsaeng''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190609155312/https://www.oyez.org/cases/2012/11-697 |date=June 9, 2019 }}, CIV.A.08CIV.7834DCP, 2009 WL 3364037 (S.D.N.Y. October 19, 2009) aff'd, 654 F.3d 210 (2d Cir. 2011)</ref> In 2013, the U.S. Supreme Court held 6–3 that the first-sale doctrine applied to copies of copyrighted works made and sold abroad at lower prices, reversing the Second Circuit decision which had favored Wiley.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/courts_law/supreme-court-says-copyright-law-does-not-protect-publishers-in-discount-re-sales/2013/03/19/68b8afd4-909f-11e2-9173-7f87cda73b49_story.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130320033929/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/courts_law/supreme-court-says-copyright-law-does-not-protect-publishers-in-discount-re-sales/2013/03/19/68b8afd4-909f-11e2-9173-7f87cda73b49_story.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=March 20, 2013|title=Supreme Court says copyright law does not protect publishers in discount re-sales|newspaper=The Washington Post|agency=Associated Press|date=March 19, 2013|access-date=March 19, 2013}}.</ref>

===Internet Archive lawsuit=== In June 2020, Wiley was one of a group of publishers who sued the Internet Archive, arguing that its collection of e-books was denying authors and publishers revenue and accusing the library of "willful mass copyright infringement".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/01/books/internet-archive-emergency-library-coronavirus.html|title=Publishers Sue Internet Archive Over Free E-Books|date=June 1, 2020|access-date=June 12, 2020|work=The New York Times|first=Elizabeth A.|last=Harris|archive-date=June 12, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612122012/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/01/books/internet-archive-emergency-library-coronavirus.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{caselaw source|case=Hachette Book Group, Inc. v. Internet Archive|courtlistener=https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/17211300/hachette-book-group-inc-v-internet-archive/ }}</ref>

== Antitrust cases == In September 2024, Lucina Uddin, a neuroscience professor at UCLA, sued John Wiley & Sons along with five other academic journal publishers in a proposed class-action lawsuit, alleging that the publishers violated antitrust law by agreeing not to compete against each other for manuscripts and by denying scholars payment for peer review services.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Scarcella |first=Mike |date=2024-09-13 |title=Academic publishers face class action over 'peer review' pay, other restrictions |url=https://www.reuters.com/legal/litigation/academic-publishers-face-class-action-over-peer-review-pay-other-restrictions-2024-09-13/ |url-status=live |access-date=2024-09-15 |work=Reuters}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Abdur-Rahman |first=Sulaiman |date=2024-09-13 |title='Illegal Conspiracy'?: EDNY Antitrust Class Action Challenges Publishers' Unpaid Peer Review Rule |url=https://www.law.com/newyorklawjournal/2024/09/13/illegal-conspiracy-edny-antitrust-class-action-challenges-publishers-unpaid-peer-review-rule/?slreturn=20240815103952 |url-access=registration |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240913230833/https://www.law.com/newyorklawjournal/2024/09/13/illegal-conspiracy-edny-antitrust-class-action-challenges-publishers-unpaid-peer-review-rule/ |archive-date=2024-09-13 |access-date=2024-09-15 |website=New York Law Journal |language=en}}</ref>

==References== {{Reflist}}

==Further reading== *{{cite book|title=The First One Hundred and Fifty Years: A History of John Wiley and Sons Incorporated 1807–1957|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|location=New York|year=1957}} *{{cite book|last=Moore|first=John Hammond|title=Wiley: One Hundred and Seventy Five Years of Publishing|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|location=New York|year=1982|isbn=978-0-471-86082-2|url=https://archive.org/details/wileyonehundred00moor }} *{{cite web|title=John Wiley Timeline|url=https://www.ulib.niu.edu/publishers/index.htm|work=The Academic Publishing Industry: A Story of Merger and Acquisition|first=Mary H.|last=Munroe|year=2004|via=Northern Illinois University|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020152138/https://www.ulib.niu.edu/publishers/TaylorFrancis.htm|archive-date=October 20, 2014}} *{{Cite book|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|last1=Wiley|first1=Peter Booth|last2=Chaves|first2=Frances|last3=Grolier Club|title=John Wiley & Sons: 200 years of publishing|location=Hoboken, NJ|date=2010|url=https://www.wiley.com/legacy/about/grolierexhibit/JWS_grolier_catalog.pdf}} *{{cite book|last1=Wright|first1=Robert E.|first2=Timothy C.|last2=Jacobson|first3=George David|last3=Smith|title=Knowledge for Generations: Wiley and the Global Publishing Industry, 1807–2007|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|location=Hoboken, New Jersey|year=2007|isbn=978-0-471-75721-4|url=https://archive.org/details/knowledgeforgene00robe }}

==External links== {{Commons category}} *{{Official website}}

{{Authority control}}

Wiley Category:Bibliographic database providers Category:Book publishing companies based in New Jersey Category:Companies based in Hudson County, New Jersey Category:Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange Category:Computer book publishing companies Category:Hoboken, New Jersey Category:Publishing companies established in 1807 Category:Academic publishing companies