{{Infobox organization | name = Intertribal Friendship House | image = <!--160px|--> | caption = | founder = | type = Non-profit cultural organization | tax_id = | registration_id = | founded = 1955 | location = 523 International Boulevard Oakland, CA 94606 | coordinates = {{Coord|37.795229|-122.253435|display=inline,title}} | origins = | key_people = Sophia Taula-Lieras, Iona Mad Plume, Janet King, Bonney Hartley, Maria Garcia, Vida Castaneda, Mindy Woolbert | region_served = San Francisco Bay Area | products = | services = Social services, education, cultural programming | focus = | method = | revenue = | endowment = | num_volunteers = | num_employees = | num_members = | subsid = | owner = | former_name = | website = {{URL|www.ifhurbanrez.org}} | dissolved = | footnotes = }}
The '''Intertribal Friendship House''' (IFH) of Oakland is one of the oldest Native American-focused urban resource and community organizations in the United States. Founded in 1955, IFH was created by local residents, similarly to American Indian Center in Chicago. Beginning in 1952, the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) supported a plan to relocate Native Americans to urban areas, further encouraged by the Indian Relocation Act of 1956. The IFH served as a hub for Native American activism in the Bay Area throughout the 20th century.<ref name="Kubal-2008-2">{{Citation |last=Kubal |first=Timothy |title=Ethnic: American Indian |date=2008 |work=Cultural Movements and Collective Memory: Christopher Columbus and the Rewriting of the National Origin Myth |pages=66 |editor-last=Kubal |editor-first=Timothy |url=https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230615762_4 |access-date=2023-03-16 |place=New York |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan US |language=en |doi=10.1057/9780230615762_4 |isbn=978-0-230-61576-2|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Millie Ketcheschawno became the IFH's first woman president in the 1970s after deep involvement with the Occupation of Alcatraz.
The IFH continues to offer educational activities, elder and youth programs, holiday meals, counseling for social services, space for community meetings, conferences, receptions, memorials, and family affairs.<ref>{{cite news|last=Park|first=Alex|title=Oakland’s Intertribal Friendship House will celebrate 56 years of supporting Native American community|url=http://oaklandnorth.net/2011/10/22/oaklands-intertribal-friendship-house-will-celebrate-56-years-of-supporting-native-american-community/|accessdate=12 October 2013|newspaper=Oakland North|date=October 22, 2011}}</ref><ref name="urban-voices">{{cite book|last=Lobo|first=Susan|title=Urban Voices: The Bay Area Indian Community|year=2002|publisher=The University of Arizona Press|location=Tucson|isbn=0-8165-1316-3|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/urbanvoicesbayar0000inte}}</ref> According to author Ed Vulliamy, 90% of Native Americans in California, "of which the majority are not indigenous California tribes," currently "live in cities."<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Vulliamy |first1=Ed |title=Reclaiming Native Identity in California|journal=New York Review of Books |date=June 2023 |volume=70 |issue=11 |url=https://www.nybooks.com/articles/2023/06/22/reclaiming-native-identity-in-california-ed-vulliamy/ |language=en |issn=0028-7504}}</ref>
==Related Groups==
Organizations and institutions, especially of the San Francisco Bay Area that at some point were or are currently related to or affiliated with IFH include:<ref name="urban-voices" />
* Native American Health Center * American Indian Child Resource Center * United Indian Nations * Indigenous Nations Child and Family Agency * San Francisco Indian Center * Friendship House Association of American Indians: An inpatient substance abuse treatment center in San Francisco. Former board member "[Peter] Bratt, whose mother is indigenous Peruvian, explained that 'today most of our clients are from California tribes.' "<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Vulliamy |first1=Ed |title=Reclaiming Native Identity in California {{!}} Ed Vulliamy |journal=New York Review of Books |date=June 2023 |volume=70 |issue=11 |url=https://www.nybooks.com/articles/2023/06/22/reclaiming-native-identity-in-california-ed-vulliamy/ |language=en |issn=0028-7504}}</ref> * California Indian Legal Services * American Indian Film Institute * American Indian AIDS Institute of San Francisco
==See also== * American Indian Center * International Indian Treaty Council * American Indian Public Charter School
==References== {{Reflist}}
==External links== * [http://www.ifhurbanrez.org/ Intertribal Friendship House] official website. * Bureau of Indian Affairs under the United States [http://www.doi.gov/tribes/index.cfm Department of the Interior].
* [https://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/kt0p303458/ American Indian Community History Center Records]
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Category:Buildings and structures in Oakland, California Category:Native American history of California Category:1955 establishments in California