{{Short description|Species of fungus}} {{Good article}} {{Speciesbox | image = Inocybe godeyi 71610.jpg | image_caption = | genus = Inocybe | species = godeyi | authority = Gillet 1874 | synonyms_ref = <ref name="species"/> | synonyms = *''Inocybe rubescens'' <small>Gillet 1883</small> *''Agaricus trinii'' var. ''rubescens'' <small>(Gillet) Pat. 1884</small> *''Inocybe godeyi'' var. ''rufescens'' <small>Cooke 1909</small> *''Inocybe boltonii'' <small>R.Heim 1931</small> *''Inocybe boltoni'' <small>R.Heim 1931</small> *''Inocybe rickenii'' <small>R.Heim 1931</small> *''Astrosporina boltonii'' <small>(R.Heim) A.Pearson 1943</small> }}

'''''Inocybe godeyi''''' is a species of Inocybaceae fungus found in Europe. The species produces mushrooms with cone-shaped caps up to {{convert|5|cm|in|abbr=on|sigfig=1}} in diameter. The caps are cream, becoming browner, but they bruise red. The stem is up to {{convert|6|cm|in|abbr=on|sigfig=1}} long, and has a "bulb" at the base. The white flesh has a strong smell and an acrid taste. The mushrooms can be found on forest floors in autumn months; the species forms an ectomycorrhizal relationship to surrounding trees, favouring beech. ''I.&nbsp;godeyi'' is known to be poisonous, containing muscarine compounds, and consumption of the mushrooms can lead to SLUDGE syndrome. The species is sometimes mistaken for the deadly ''I.&nbsp;erubescens''.

First described by Claude Casimir Gillet, the species retains the name which it was first given, but has a number of taxonomic synonyms. Its specific name honours Louis-Luc Godey. Within the genus ''Inocybe'', it has been classified in a number of ways, but appears to form part of a clade (that is, a group sharing a common ancestor) with species including ''I.&nbsp;abietis'', ''I.&nbsp;corydalina'', ''I.&nbsp;agglutinata'' and ''I.&nbsp;pudica''.

==Taxonomy and phylogeny== ''Inocybe godeyi'' was first described, and given its current name, by French botanist and mycologist Claude Casimir Gillet in his 1874 work ''Les Hyménomycètes ou description de tous les champignons (fungi) qui croissent en France''.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.mycobank.org/MycoTaxo.aspx?Link=T&Rec=189598|title= ''Inocybe godeyi''|publisher= Index Fungorum|access-date=11 July 2011}}</ref> The specific name honours the French mycologist Louis-Luc Godey.<ref>{{cite book |title=British Basidiomycetaceae: a Handbook to the Larger British Fungi |author=Rea, Carleton |author-link=Carleton Rea |year=1922 |publisher=Cambridge University Press|page=198}}</ref> British mycologist Mordecai Cubitt Cooke described a variety of the species, ''Inocybe godeyi'' var. ''rufescens'', in a 1909 issue of the ''Transactions of the British Mycological Society''. However, the name is now considered synonymous with ''Inocybe godeyi''. A number of other names are recognised as synonymous. Gillet's own ''Inocybe rubescens'', described in an 1883 issue of ''Revue Mycologique'', is no longer seen as a separate taxon. The same is true of Narcisse Théophile Patouillard's 1884 description of ''I.&nbsp;rubescens'' as a variety of "''Agaricus trinii''", ''Agaricus trinii'' var. ''rubescens''. Other synonyms include Roger Heim's 1931 ''Inocybe rickenii'' and ''Inocybe boltonii''.<ref name="species">{{cite web |url= http://www.speciesfungorum.org/Names/SynSpecies.asp?RecordID=189598|title= ''Inocybe godeyi'' synonymy|publisher= Species Fungorum|access-date=11 July 2011}}</ref>

Within the genus ''Inocybe'', ''I.&nbsp;godeyi'' has been classified in a number of ways. In 1986, mycologist Thom Kuyper placed the species in the supersection ''Marginatae'' (subgenus ''Inocybe''), along with species including ''I.&nbsp;abietis'', ''I.&nbsp;calospora'' and ''I.&nbsp;praetervisa''. Rolf Singer considers ''Marginatae'' a section in subgenus ''Inocybe'', but he placed ''I.&nbsp;godeyi'' in the section ''Geophyllinae'' (in the subgenus ''Inocibium'') along with species including ''I.&nbsp;agglutinata'' and ''I.&nbsp;pudica''. A 2002 phylogenetic study found that Singer's ''Geophyllinae'' is probably monophyletic (that is, the taxa all come from a common, recent ancestor) and suggested that ''I.&nbsp;godeyi'' forms a clade with species including ''I.&nbsp;abietis'', ''I.&nbsp;corydalina'', ''I.&nbsp;agglutinata'' and ''I.&nbsp;pudica''. All species in the clade were "smooth-spored Inocybes with metuloid hymenial cystidia", but there were other species that fit that description, such as ''I.&nbsp;lacera'', that were shown not to be a part of the clade.<ref name="Matheny">{{cite journal |author1=Matheny, P. Brandon |author2=Liu, Yajuan J. |author3=Ammirati, Joseph F. |author4=Hall, Benjamin D. |year= 2002|title= Using RPB1 sequences to improve phylogenetic inference among mushrooms (''Inocybe'', Agaricales)|journal= American Journal of Botany|volume= 89|issue= 4|pages= 688–98 |jstor=4131413 |doi=10.3732/ajb.89.4.688 |pmid=21665669|doi-access=free }}</ref>

==Description== {{mycomorphbox | name = ''Inocybe godeyi'' | whichGills = adnexed | capShape = conical | hymeniumType = gills | ecologicalType = mycorrhizal | sporePrintColor = reddish-brown | howEdible = poisonous }} ''Inocybe godeyi'' produces mushrooms each of which features a cap of {{convert|2|to|5|cm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} across. The cap is initially cone-shaped, but expands outward, and flattens somewhat. In younger mushrooms, it is a cream colour, but as the fruit bodies mature, it changes to an ochre to tan colour; however, the cap can sometimes become entirely red, the colour it turns when bruised. The cap surface of younger specimens is smooth and silky.<ref name="Phillips"/> The surface of older caps becomes increasingly fibrous, and cracks often develop, beginning at the cap margin and moving towards the centre. There is usually a small umbo.<ref name="Sterry">{{cite book |title= Complete Guide to British Mushrooms & Toadstools |author1=Sterry, Paul |author2=Hughes, Barry |year=2009 |publisher=HarperCollins |isbn=978-0-00-723224-6 |page=192}}</ref> The stem attaches to the center of the cap, and measures {{convert|40|to|60|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} by {{convert|3|to|8|mm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}}. Towards the base, the stem surface is covered in fine grains, and at the very base, there is an obviously defined "bulb". In colour, the stem is an off-white, becoming redder as the mushroom ages. The flesh is white, but gradually turns red when it is exposed. The gills begin as an off-white, but become gradually the colour of cinnamon.<ref name="Phillips">{{cite book |title= Mushrooms and Other Fungi of Great Britain and Europe|author= Phillips, Roger|year= 1981|publisher= Pan Books|location= London|isbn= 0-330-26441-9|page=148}}</ref> They are adnexed, which means that only part of the depth of the gills attaches to the stem, and crowded.<ref name="Sterry"/>

===Microscopic features=== ''Inocybe godeyi'' leaves a snuff-brown spore print, while the individual spores themselves are smooth and almond-shaped. The spores measure 9 to 11.5 by 5.5 to 7&nbsp;micrometres.<ref name="Phillips"/> Each basidium bares four spores.<ref name="Jordan"/> Both the cheilocystidia (cystidia found on the edges of the gills) and the pleurocystidia (cystidia found on the faces of the gills) are spindle- or bottle-shaped, with some kind of encrustation at the tip. They have thick cell walls.<ref name="Phillips"/>

===Similar species=== It is sometimes mistaken for the deadly ''Inocybe erubescens''.<ref name="Pegler"/> The rarer ''I.&nbsp;erubescens'', like ''I.&nbsp;godeyi'', bruises red, though it is lighter in colour to begin with. The most distinguishing feature is that ''I.&nbsp;erubescens'' lacks a bulbous base.<ref name="Kibby">{{cite book |title=Mushrooms and Toadstools of Britain and Northern Europe |last=Kibby |first=Geoffrey |year=2003 |publisher=Hamlyn |isbn=978-0-7537-1865-0 |page=97}}</ref>

==Edibility== ''Inocybe godeyi'' flesh has a strong smell, which has been variously described as "unpleasant",<ref name="Phillips"/> "earthy or mealy",<ref name="Pegler">{{cite book |title= Mushrooms and Toadstools|last= Pegler|first= David N.|year= 1983|publisher= Mitchell Beazley Publishing|location= London|isbn= 0-85533-500-9|page= 98}}</ref> and "not distinctive".<ref name="Jordan"/> The flesh has an acrid taste. The mushrooms are known to be poisonous,<ref name="Phillips"/> containing toxic compounds of muscarine.<ref name="Kibby"/> Consumption of the mushroom could lead to a number of physiological effects, including: salivation, lacrimation, urination, defecation, gastrointestinal problems and emesis (vomiting); this array of symptoms is also known by the acronym SLUDGE.<ref name="Hall">{{cite book |title= Edible and Poisonous Mushrooms of the World|last= Hall|first= Ian Robert|author2= Buchanan, Peter K.|author3= Stephenson, Steven L.|author4= Yun, Wang|author5= Cole, Anthony L. J.|year= 2003|publisher= Timber Press|isbn= 978-0-88192-586-9|pages= 108–9}}</ref> Other potential effects include a drop in blood pressure, sweating and death due to respiratory failure.<ref name="Hall"/>

==Distribution and habitat== ''Inocybe godeyi'' can be found in Europe.<ref name="Phillips"/> It is found in deciduous woodland on the ground,<ref name="Kibby"/> particularly on chalky soil.<ref name="Phillips"/> The species is ectomycorrhizal,<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Tedersoo, Leho |author2=Pellet, Prune |author3=Kõljalg, Urmas |author4=Selosse, Marc-André |year= 2007|title= Parallel evolutionary paths to mycoheterotrophy in understorey Ericaceae and Orchidaceae: ecological evidence for mixotrophy in Pyroleae|journal= Oecologia|volume= 151|issue= 2|pages= 206–17 |jstor=40210520 |doi= 10.1007/s00442-006-0581-2 |pmid= 17089139|bibcode=2007Oecol.151..206T |s2cid=12529846 }}</ref> favouring beech.<ref name="Phillips"/> Mushrooms are encountered in the autumn months of August to November,<ref name="Phillips"/><ref name="Pegler"/> solitarily or in "trooping groups". While the mushrooms can be locally common,<ref name="Jordan">{{cite book |title=The Encyclopedia of Fungi of Britain and Europe |author=Jordan, Michael |author-link=Michael Jordan (mycologist) |year=2004 |publisher=Frances Lincoln |isbn=978-0-7112-2378-3 |page=291}}</ref> the species is typically uncommon.<ref name="Phillips"/><ref name="Kibby"/>

==See also== *List of ''Inocybe'' species

==References== {{Reflist|2}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q3914313}}

godeyi Category:Fungi described in 1874 Category:Fungi of Europe Category:Poisonous fungi Category:Taxa named by Claude Casimir Gillet Category:Fungus species