Borate mineral

{{Short description|Mineral which contains a borate anion group}} [[File:Londonite-Tourmaline-120977.jpg|thumb|Large (up to 1.8 cm) yellow londonite crystals associated with rubellite tourmaline. Londonite is an unusual caesium-rich heptaborate.<ref>[http://www.mindat.org/min-7082.html Londonite] at Mindat.org</ref>]]

The '''Borate Minerals''' are minerals which contain a borate anion group. The borate (BO₃) units may be polymerised similar to the SiO₄ unit of the silicate mineral class. This results in B₂O₅, B₃O₆, B₂O₄ anions as well as more complex structures which include hydroxide or halogen anions.<ref name=Klein>Klein, Cornelis and Cornelius Hurlbut, Jr., ''Manual of Mineralogy'', Wiley, 20th ed., 1985 pp. 343 - 347 {{ISBN|0-471-80580-7}}</ref> The [B(O,OH)₄]⁻ anion exists as well.

Many borate minerals, such as borax, colemanite, and ulexite, are salts: soft, readily soluble, and found in evaporite contexts. However, some, such as boracite, are hard and resistant to weathering, more similar to the silicates.

There are over 100 different borate minerals.<ref name=Klein/><ref>[http://webmineral.com/strunz/V.shtml Webmineral.Com], Strunz group V/G - V/L</ref> Borate minerals include: *Kernite Na₂B₄O₆(OH)₂·3H₂O *Borax Na₂B₄O₅(OH)₄·8H₂O *Ulexite NaCaB₅O₆(OH)₆·5H₂O *Colemanite CaB₃O₄(OH)₃·H₂O *Boracite Mg₃B₇O₁₃Cl *Painite CaZrAl₉O₁₅(BO₃)

== Nickel–Strunz Classification -06- Borates == IMA-CNMNC proposes a new hierarchical scheme (Mills et al., 2009). This list uses it to modify the Classification of Nickel–Strunz (mindat.org, 10 ed, pending publication). Note that although Nickel–Strunz division letters were traditionally based on the number of boron atoms in a mineral's chemical formula (06.A are monoborates, 06.B are diborates, etc.), the IMA has reclassified borate minerals based on the polymerisation of the borate anion.

;Abbreviations: * ''REE'': rare-earth element (Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu) * ''PGE'': platinum-group element (Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir, Pt) * ''*'' : discredited (IMA/CNMNC status) * ''?'' : questionable/doubtful (IMA/CNMNC status) Regarding 03.C Aluminofluorides, '''06 Borates''', 08 Vanadates (04.H V^[5,6] Vanadates), 09 Silicates: * ''neso-'': insular (from Greek {{lang|el|νῆσος}} {{Transliteration|el|nêsos}}, "island") * ''soro-'': grouped (from Greek {{lang|el|σωρός}} {{Transliteration|el|sōrós}}, "heap, pile, mound") * ''cyclo-'': rings of (from Greek {{lang|el|κύκλος}} {{Transliteration|el|kúklos}}, "circle") * ''ino-'': chained (from Greek {{lang|el|ίνα}} {{Transliteration|el|ína}}, "fibre", [from Ancient Greek {{lang|el|ἴς}}]) * ''phyllo-'': sheets of (from Greek {{lang|el|φῠ́λλον}} {{Transliteration|el|phúllon}}, "leaf") * ''tekto-'': three-dimensional framework (from Greek {{lang|el|τεκτονικός}} {{Transliteration|el|tektōnikós}}, "of building") ;Nickel–Strunz code scheme{{colon}} ''NN.XY.##x'': * ''NN'': Nickel–Strunz mineral class number * ''X'': Nickel–Strunz mineral division letter * ''Y'': Nickel–Strunz mineral family letter * ''<nowiki>##</nowiki>x'': Nickel–Strunz mineral/group number; ''x'' an add-on letter

=== Class: borates === * 06. Alfredstelznerite * 06.A Monoborates ** 06.AA BO₃, without additional anions; 1(D): 05 Sassolite; 15 Nordenskioldine, 15 Tusionite; 35 Jimboite, 35 Kotoite; 40 Takedaite ** 06.AB BO₃, with additional anions; 1(D) + OH, etc.: 05 Hambergite, 10 Berborite, 15 Jeremejevite; 20 Warwickite, 20 Yuanfuliite; 25 Karlite; 30 Azoproite, 30 Bonaccordite, 30 Fredrikssonite, 30 Ludwigite, 30 Vonsenite; 35 Pinakiolite; 40 Blatterite, 40 Orthopinakiolite, 40 Takeuchiite, 40 Chestermanite; 45 Hulsite, 45 Magnesiohulsite, 45 Aluminomagnesiohulsite; 50 Hydroxylborite, 50 Fluoborite; 55 Shabynite, 55 Wightmanite; 60 Gaudefroyite, 65 Sakhaite, 70 Harkerite; 75 IMA2008-060, 75 Pertsevite; 80 Jacquesdietrichite, 85 Painite ** 06.AC B(O,OH)₄, without and with additional anions; 1(T), 1(T)+OH, etc.: 05 Sinhalite; 10 Pseudosinhalite; 15 Béhierite, 15 Schiavinatoite; 20 Frolovite; 25 Hexahydroborite; 30 Henmilite; 35 Bandylite; 40 Teepleite; 45 Moydite-(Y); 50 Carboborite; 55 Sulfoborite; 60 Luneburgite; 65 Seamanite; 70 Cahnite * 06.H Unclassified Borates ** 06.HA Unclassified borates: 05 Chelkarite; 10 Braitschite-(Ce); 15 Satimolite; 20 Iquiqueite; 25 Wardsmithite; 30 Korzhinskite; 35 Halurgite; 40 Ekaterinite; 45 Vitimite; 50 Canavesite; 55 Qilianshanite

==== Subclass: nesoborates ==== {{main category|Nesoborates}} * 06.BA Neso-diborates with double triangles B₂(O,OH)₅; 2(2D); 2(2D) + OH, etc.: 05 Suanite; 10 Clinokurchatovite, 10 Kurchatovite; 15 Sussexite, 15 Szaibelyite; 20 Wiserite * 06.BB Neso-diborates with double tetrahedra B₂O(OH)₆; 2(2T): 05 Pinnoite; 10 Pentahydroborite * 06.CA Neso-triborates: 10 Ameghinite; 15 Inderite; 20 Kurnakovite; 25 Inderborite; 30 Meyerhofferite; 35 Inyoite; 40 Solongoite; 45 Peprossiite-(Ce); 50 Nifontovite; 55 Olshanskyite * 06.DA Neso-tetraborates: 10 Borax; 15 Tincalconite; 20 Hungchaoite; 25 Fedorovskite, 25 Roweite; 30 Hydrochlorborite; 35 Uralborite; 40 Numanoite, 40 Borcarite; 60 Fontarnauite * 06.EA Neso-pentaborates: 05 Sborgite; 10 Ramanite-(Rb), 10 Ramanite-(Cs), 10 Santite; 15 Ammonioborite; 25 Ulexite * 06.FA Neso-hexaborates: 05 Aksaite; 10 Mcallisterite; 15 Admontite; 20 Rivadavite; 25 Teruggite

==== Subclass: inoborates ==== {{main category|Inoborates}} * 06.BC Ino-diborates with triangles and/or tetrahedra: 10 Calciborite, 10 Aldzhanite*; 15 Vimsite; 20 Sibirskite, 20 Parasibirskite * 06.CB Ino-triborates: 10 Colemanite; 15 Hydroboracite; 20 Howlite; 25 Jarandolite * 06.DB Ino-tetraborates: 05 Kernite * 06.EB Ino-pentaborates: 05 Larderellite; 10 Ezcurrite; 15 Probertite; 20 Tertschite; 25 Priceite * 06.FB Ino-hexaborates: 05 Aristarainite; 10 Kaliborite

==== Subclass: phylloborates ==== {{main category|Phylloborates}} * 06.CC Phyllo-triborates: 05 Johachidolite * 06.EC Phyllo-pentaborates: 05 Biringuccite, 05 Nasinite; 10 Gowerite; 15 Veatchite, 15 Veatchite-A, 15 Veatchite-p; 20 Volkovskite; 25 Tuzlaite; 30 Heidornite; 35 Brianroulstonite * 06.FC Phyllo-hexaborates: 05 Nobleite, 05 Tunellite, 05 Balavinskite; 10 Strontioborite; 15 Ginorite, 15 Strontioginorite; 20 Fabianite * 06.GB Phyllo-nonaborates, etc.: 05 Studenitsite; 10 Penobsquisite; 15 Preobrazhenskite; 20 Walkerite

==== Subclass: tektoborates ==== {{main category|Tektoborates}} * 06.BD Tektodiborates with tetrahedra: 05 Santarosaite * 06.DD Tekto-tetraborates: 05 Diomignite * 06.ED Tekto-pentaborates: 05 IMA2007-047, 05 Tyretskite, 05 Hilgardite, 05 Kurgantaite * 06.GA Tekto-heptaborates: 05 Boracite, 05 Chambersite, 05 Ericaite; 10 Congolite, 10 Trembathite * 06.GC Tekto-dodecaborates: 05 Rhodizite, 05 Londonite * 06.GD Mega-tektoborates: 05 Ruitenbergite, 05 Pringleite; 10 Metaborite

==See also== {{Portal|Earth sciences}} * Classification of minerals - Non-silicates * Classification of minerals - Silicates

==References== {{Reflist}} {{Refbegin}} * {{Cite journal |title=The standardisation of mineral group hierarchies: application to recent nomenclature proposals |author1=Stuart J. Mills |author2=Frédéric Hatert |author3=Ernest H. Nickel |author4=Giovanni Ferraris |name-list-style=amp |url=http://pubsites.uws.edu.au/ima-cnmnc/Mills%20et%20al%202009%20Groups%20EJM%20October.pdf |journal=Eur. J. Mineral. |year=2009 |pages=1073–1080 |doi=10.1127/0935-1221/2009/0021-1994 |volume=21 |access-date=2011-01-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110217063745/http://pubsites.uws.edu.au/ima-cnmnc/Mills%20et%20al%202009%20Groups%20EJM%20October.pdf |archive-date=2011-02-17 |url-status=dead }} * {{Cite web |title=Nickel–Strunz (Version 10) Classification System |url=http://webmineral.com/strunz/strunz.php |publisher=webmineral.com |first=Jim |last=Ferraiolo }} * Hr. Dr. Udo Neumann der Uni-Tuebingen ([https://web.archive.org/web/20110128145506/http://www.uni-tuebingen.de/uni/emi/alt/sammlung/SysMin1.htm Systematik der Minerale]) {{Refend}}

==External links== *{{Commons category-inline|Borate minerals}}

{{Strunz}}

Category:Borate minerals