Indu-Brasil

{{short description|Brazilian breed of beef cattle}} {{use British English|date=October 2023}} {{use dmy dates|date=October 2023}} {{use list-defined references|date=October 2023}} {{Infobox cattle breed | name = Indu-Brasil | image = | image_size = | image_alt = | image_caption = | altname = {{ubl|Indubrasil|Indo-Brazilian|Induberaba|Indoanaxa{{r|dad}}}} | country = Brazil | distribution = Minas Gerais | status = {{ubl|FAO (2007): not at risk{{r|barb|p=144}}|DAD-IS (2023): at risk/endangered{{r|dad}}}} | standard = {{nobreak|[https://indubrasil.org.br/padrao-racial-do-indubrasil/ Associação Brasileira dos Criadores de Indubrasil]}} | use = | weight = | maleweight = 900–1200 kg{{r|cabi|page=205}} | femaleweight = 750–900 kg{{r|cabi|page=205}} | height = | maleheight = average 161 cm{{r|cabi|page=205}} | femaleheight = average 143 cm{{r|cabi|page=205}} | skincolour = | coat = white or pale grey | horn = horned{{r|dad}} | subspecies = "indicus" | note = }}

The '''Indu-Brasil''' or '''Indo-Brazilian''' is a Brazilian breed of zebuine beef cattle. It was bred in the early twentieth century in the Triângulo Mineiro in the western part of Minas Gerais state, and particularly in the area surrounding Uberaba. It was originally known as the '''Induberaba'''. It derives from imported Indian zebuine cattle, principally Gir and Kankrej (which in Brazil are known as Guzerá).{{r|rob|page=219}} It was formerly an important beef breed, but in the twenty-first century is an endangered breed.{{r|cabi|page=205}} It is characterised by particularly large ears, perhaps the largest seen in any breed of cattle.{{r|cabi|page=205}}

== History ==

The Indu-Brasil derives from zebuine cattle imported to Brazil from India, principally of Kankrej stock (known in Brazil as Guzerá), Ongole (known in Brazil as Nellore) and Gir stock.{{r|rob|page=219|faocr|p2=29}} It was bred in the early twentieth century in the Triângulo Mineiro in the western part of Minas Gerais state, and particularly in the area surrounding Uberaba, which gave rise to its original name, Induberaba; the name was changed to the present one in 1936.{{r|faocr|p=29}} A breed association was started in 1939{{r|cabi|page=205}} and another, the {{lang|pt|italic=no|Associação Brasileira dos Criadores de Indubrasil}}, was established in 1962.{{r|abci}}

It was formerly an important beef breed; in 1991 a breeding stock of {{val|80000}} cows was reported to the DAD-IS database of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.{{r|cabi|page=205|dad}} In the twenty-first century it is an endangered breed:{{r|cabi|page=205}} a total population in Brazil of approximately {{val|900}} head was reported to DAD-IS for 2017, for 2020 and for 2021.{{r|dad}} The breed is reported by fourteen countries, all in Central or South America;{{r|dad2}} the largest population is in Mexico, where in 2022 the breeding stock numbered {{val|4120}} head – {{val|2492}} cows and {{val|1348}} bulls.{{r|dad3}}

It was among the breeds that contributed to the development of the American Brahman breed in the United States.{{r|cabi|page=205}} At the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México in Mexico City it has been selectively bred since the 1970s for small size, leading to the development of the Minivaca, a dwarf breed standing about {{val|100|u=cm}} tall.{{r|val2|p=105}}

== Characteristics ==

The cattle have good heat and parasite resistance and thrive in the tropics. They are white to dark grey in colour with short horns and very large ears. They have the typical Zebu shoulder hump.{{cn|date=December 2019}}

== Use ==

From about 1925 to 1945 the Indu-Brasil was the dominant beef breed of Brazil; it remained important in beef production until the 1970s.{{r|cabi|page=205}}

== References ==

<ref name=abci>[https://indubrasil.org.br/estatuto/ Estatuto] (in Portuguese). Uberaba: Associação Brasileira dos Criadores de Indubrasil. Accessed October 2023.</ref>

<ref name=barb>Barbara Rischkowsky, Dafydd Pilling (editors) (2007). [https://web.archive.org/web/20200623201209/http://www.fao.org/3/a1250e/annexes/List%20of%20breeds%20documented%20in%20the%20Global%20Databank%20for%20Animal%20Genetic%20Resources/List_breeds.pdf List of breeds documented in the Global Databank for Animal Genetic Resources], annex to [https://web.archive.org/web/20170110125634/http://www.fao.org/3/a-a1250e.pdf ''The State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture'']. Rome: Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. {{isbn|9789251057629}}. Archived 23 June 2020.</ref>

<ref name=cabi>Valerie Porter, Lawrence Alderson, Stephen J.G. Hall, D. Phillip Sponenberg (2016). [https://books.google.it/books?id=2UEJDAAAQBAJ&hl=en ''Mason's World Encyclopedia of Livestock Breeds and Breeding''] (sixth edition). Wallingford: CABI. {{ISBN|9781780647944}}.</ref>

<ref name=dad>[https://dadis-breed-datasheet-ws.firebaseapp.com/?country=BRA&specie=Cattle&breed=Indubrasil&external=1&lang=en Breed data sheet: Indubrasil / Brazil (Cattle)]. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed October 2023.</ref>

<ref name=dad2>[https://dadis-transboundary-ext-ws.web.app/?species=Cattle&transboundary=Indubrasil Transboundary breed: Indubrasil]. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed October 2023.</ref>

<ref name=dad3>[https://dadis-breed-datasheet-ext-ws.web.app/?country=MEX&specie=Cattle&breed=Indubrasil&callback=transboundarylist Breed data sheet: Indubrasil / Mexico (Cattle)]. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed October 2023.</ref>

<ref name=faocr>Arthur da Silva Mariante, Concepta McManus, José Francisco Mendonça (editors) (2003). [http://www.fao.org/3/a1250e/annexes/CountryReports/Brazil.pdf ''Country Report on the State of Animal Genetic Resources: Brazil'']. Brasília: Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology. {{ISSN|0102-0110}}, '''99'''. Annex to: Barbara Rischkowsky, Dafydd Pilling (editors) (2007). [https://web.archive.org/web/20170110125634/http://www.fao.org/3/a-a1250e.pdf ''The State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture'']. Rome: Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. {{isbn|9789251057629}}. Archived 10 January 2017.</ref>

<ref name=rob>Robert W. Wilcox (2017). [https://books.google.it/books?id=dBj4DQAAQBAJ&pg=PA219&hl=en ''Cattle in the Backlands: Mato Grosso and the evolution of ranching in the Brazilian tropics'']. Austin: University of Texas Press. {{isbn|9781477311141}}.</ref>

<ref name=val2>Valerie Porter (2008). [https://books.google.it/books?id=N6CSqgpIC0YC&hl=en&pg=PA66 ''The Field Guide to Cattle'']. Minneapolis, Minnesota: Voyageur Press. {{isbn|9780760331927}}.</ref>

</references>

{{Cattle breeds of Brazil}} Category:Cattle breeds originating in Brazil