{{Short description|Organization founded in Taiwan in 1941}} {{Infobox political party | name = Imperial Subject Public Service Association | native_name = 皇民奉公会 | colorcode = {{party color|Imperial Rule Assistance Association}} | leader = [[Kiyoshi Hasegawa (admiral)|Kiyoshi Hasegawa]] | foundation = {{Start date|1941|04|19}} | dissolved = {{End date|1945|06|17}} | headquarters = [[Government-General of Taiwan]] | ideology = ''[[Kokkashugi]]''<br>[[Japanization]]<br>[[Totalitarianism]]<br>[[Collaboration with Imperial Japan|Collaborationism]] | position = [[Far-right politics|Far-right]] | national = [[Imperial Rule Assistance Association]] | religion = [[State Shintō]] | country = Taiwan }} {{Infobox Hokkien name | title = 皇民奉公会 | hanji = 皇民奉公會 | poj = Hông-bîn Hōng-kong-hōe | hanlo = | tl = Hông-bîn Hōng-kong-huē | bp = | hokkienipa = | lm = | image = | image_size = | caption = }}
The {{nihongo|'''Imperial Subject Public Service Association'''<ref>{{cite book |editor=Faye Yuan Kleeman |title=Under an Imperial Sun: Japanese Colonial Literature of Taiwan and the South |quote=Imperial Subject Public Service Association ( Kōmin Hōkōkai 皇民奉公会) |page=205 |date=2003 |publisher=University of Hawaii Press }}</ref>|皇民奉公会|Kōmin Hōkōkai|"Imperial Subjects for Patriotic Services"}} was an organization founded on April 19, 1941, for the '''''Kominka'' Movement''' (皇民化政策) or '''[[Japanization]] Movement'''<ref>{{Cite web |title=皇民化政策 |quote=基本語（英語）: Japanization Movement |url=https://www.jacar.archives.go.jp/das/term/00008733 |access-date=2025-06-10 |website=Japan Center for Asian Historical Records: National Archives of Japan |language=ja}}</ref> in [[Taiwan]] during the [[Taiwan under Japanese rule|Japanese rule]]. The association was aimed at all island residents<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hsu |first=Hsueh-Chi |year=1999 |title=皇民奉公會的研究——以林獻堂的參與為例 |trans-title=The Kominhokokai in Taiwan during the Second World War: A Case Study of Lin Hsien-tang's Involvement |journal=近代史研究所集刊(Bulletin of the institute of modern history a cademia sicina) |issue=31 |page=171}}</ref> and its purpose was to carry out the Japanization Movement under the slogans "[[Taiwanese people|Taiwanese]] and [[Japanese people|Japanese]] as One Family" and "Mainland Japan and Taiwan as One Family" in response to the urgent international situation.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sung |first=Chia-Lun |title=內埔老街生活變遷之研究(1895~2015) |publisher=National Pingtung University of Science and Technology |year=2016 |page=33 |trans-title=A study on the life changes of Neipu old street (1895~2015)}}</ref> Its nature was similar to that of the [[Imperial Rule Assistance Association]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hsu |first=Hsueh-Chi |year=1999 |title=皇民奉公會的研究——以林獻堂的參與為例 |trans-title=The Kominhokokai in Taiwan during the Second World War: A Case Study of Lin Hsien-tang's Involvement |journal=近代史研究所集刊(Bulletin of the institute of modern history a cademia sicina) |issue=31 |pages=177–180}}</ref> At the same time, there was a sub-organization of IRAA called [[League of Mobilization in Korea|League of Mobilization]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.jacar.archives.go.jp/das/term/00002131 | title=国民総力朝鮮連盟 }}</ref> in [[Korea under Japanese rule|Korea, which was a Japanese colony]] like Taiwan.
In January 1941, the [[Government-General of Taiwan]] decided on the name of the organization and appointed military, official, and civilian representatives to serve as the Preparatory Committee for ''Kōmin Hōkōka''. The founding ceremony was held at the Governor General's Office on April 19 of that year.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ishikawa |first=Kyoko |title=周金波＜志願兵＞析論 |publisher=National Tsing Hua University |year=2004 |page=23 |trans-title=An Analysis of Chou Chin-po's 'Volunteer Soldier}}</ref>
After [[World War II]], the [[Taiwan Provincial Administrative Executive Office]] (also known as the Chief Executive's Office) was established. The office was led by [[Chen Yi (Kuomintang)|Chen Yi]], who was responsible for taking over the administrative organizations and promoting reconstruction. The Chief Executive's Office considered any involvement with the ''Kōmin Hōkōka'' to be illegal. Those who held public office were dismissed if this past involvement was revealed. After the end of the February 28 Incident in 1947, Chen Yi repeatedly pointed out that members of the Japanization Movement were instigators behind the scenes. He cataloged and monitored individuals associated with the association, resulting in the exclusion of a large number of local talents in Taiwan from the public sector.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Chen |first=Tsui-Lien |year=2016 |title=臺灣戰後初期的「歷史清算」（1945-1947） |trans-title=The 'Historical Reckoning' in the Early Post-War Period in Taiwan (1945-1947) |journal=臺大歷史學報(Historical Inquiry) |issue=58 |pages=195–248}}</ref>
Historian [[Hsu Hsueh-chi]] speculated that the organization ended on June 17, 1945, leaving only the organization of the [[Volunteer Fighting Corps]] (later reorganized as the Volunteer Fighting Combat Teams).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hsu |first=Hsueh-Chi |year=1999 |title=皇民奉公會的研究——以林獻堂的參與為例 |trans-title=The Kominhokokai in Taiwan during the Second World War: A Case Study of Lin Hsien-tang's Involvement |journal=近代史研究所集刊(Bulletin of the institute of modern history a cademia sicina) |issue=31 |pages=181–183}}</ref>
==Categories of Japanization Movement work== The work of the Japanization Movement is multi-faceted and can be broadly categorized into three types: # From top to bottom, strengthening the transmission of official information and leadership, such as issuing official publications and sending supervisors to various places for advocacy.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ku |first=Hui-Hua |title=日治後期臺灣皇民化運動中的圖像宣傳與戰時動員（1937-1945）—以漫畫和海報為中心 |publisher=National Taiwan Normal University |year=2011 |pages=53–55 |trans-title=Image Propaganda and Wartime Mobilization in the Later Period of Japanese occupation Rule in Taiwan (1937-1945) - Focusing on Comics and Posters}}</ref> # Strengthening the promotion of donations needed for devotion, labor (including conscription), materials, and funds. # Establish new norms for the workplace in wartime to improve efficiency.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hsu |first=Hsueh-Chi |title=皇民奉公會的研究——以林獻堂的參與為例 |trans-title=The Kominhokokai in Taiwan during the Second World War: A Case Study of Lin Hsien-tang's Involvement |journal=近代史研究所集刊(Bulletin of the institute of modern history a cademia sicina) |issue=31 |pages=180–181}}</ref>
There were two ways of propaganda by Japanization Movement to convey the various norms of the time of war: # The publication of the journal 《新建設》 (lit. "New Construction") was centered on the assimilation policy, and the propaganda effect was strengthened by widely requesting readers to contribute.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-02-25|title=《新建設二》|url=https://collections.nmth.gov.tw/CollectionContent.aspx?a=132&rno=2020.032.0084|access-date=2023-06-20|website=國立臺灣歷史博物館典藏網|archive-date=2023-06-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230620033638/https://collections.nmth.gov.tw/CollectionContent.aspx?a=132&rno=2020.032.0084}}</ref> # Instructors moved to several places to carry out physical promotional activities.
== See also == * [[Cultural assimilation]] * [[League of Mobilization in Korea]], a sub-organization of the IRAA in Korea under Japanese rule.
== References == {{reflist}}
[[Category:1941 establishments in Taiwan]] [[Category:1945 disestablishments in Taiwan]] [[Category:Anti-Taiwanese sentiment in Japan]] [[Category:Conservative parties in Taiwan]] [[Category:Defunct government agencies of Japan]] [[Category:Far-right political parties in Taiwan]] [[Category:Fascism in Taiwan]] [[Category:Japanese statist political parties]] [[Category:Organizations established in 1941]] [[Category:Parties of one-party systems]] [[Category:Political parties disestablished in 1945]] [[Category:Political parties established in 1941]] [[Category:Taiwanese collaborators with the Empire of Japan]]
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