{{Short description|American nurse and nursing theorist (1923–2007)}} {{Infobox scientist |name = Imogene King |image = |birth_date = January 30, 1923 |birth_place = West Point, Iowa |death_date = {{death date and age|2007|12|24|1923|1|30}} |death_place = St. Petersburg, Florida<ref>Alligood, Martha Raile, and Ann Marriner-Tomey. [https://books.google.com/books?id=MfzfRKLGq0YC&pg=PA286 "Modelos y Teorías en Enfermería"]. Madrid: Harcourt Brace, 1999, {{ISBN|978-84-8174-348-7}}.</ref> |ethnicity = |field =Nursing |work_institutions = |alma_mater = St. John's Hospital School of Nursing<br />St. Louis University<br />Teachers College, Columbia University |doctoral_advisor = |doctoral_students = |known_for = Nursing theory |influences = |influenced = |prizes = }} '''Imogene King''' (January 30, 1923 – December 24, 2007) was a pioneer of nursing theory development. Her interacting systems theory of nursing and her theory of goal attainment have been included in every major nursing theory text. These theories are taught to thousands of nursing students, form the basis of nursing education programs, and are implemented in a variety of service settings.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2012-03-15 |title=Imogene King, EdD, MSN, RN, FAAN |url=http://www.nursingworld.org/ImogeneKing |access-date=2022-03-11 |website= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120315014516/http://www.nursingworld.org/ImogeneKing |archive-date=15 March 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Enfermagem |first=Sou |date=2023-04-13 |title=Imogene M. King |url=https://www.souenfermagem.com.br/fundamentos/biografias/imogene-m-king/ |access-date=2023-04-13 |website=Sou Enfermagem |language=pt-BR}}</ref>
==Biography== Imogene Eva Martina King was born on January 30, 1923, in West Point, Iowa, the youngest of three children. King originally wanted to be a teacher, but her uncle, a doctor, offered her the opportunity to study nursing. To escape small-town life, she accepted.<ref name=":2" />
=== Education === King's educational achievements began with a nursing diploma in 1945 when she graduated from St. John's Hospital School of Nursing in St. Louis, Missouri. She then studied nursing education at St. Louis University, graduating with a bachelor's degree in 1948. From 1947 to 1958 she worked at St. John's Hospital School of Nursing as a nursing teacher and assistant director. In 1957 she received her master's degree in nursing from St. Louis University and earned her doctorate in education (EdD) from Columbia University Teachers College in New York City.<ref name=":2">{{cite web | title = Bio: Imogene King| publisher = King International Nursing Group| url = http://www.kingnursing.org/content.aspx?page_id=22&club_id=459369&module_id=59920| accessdate = June 21, 2012}}</ref>
=== Academic appointments === King then became an assistant professor at Loyola University Chicago, also studying statistics, research and computer science. While at Loyola, she developed a master's program based on her theory that later formed the framework for her model of care. She published her first theoretical approach in 1964 in the Journal of Nursing Science.<ref name=":1" /> From 1966 to 1968, King worked for the United States Department of Health, Education and Welfare before moving to Ohio State University in Columbus, Ohio, as the principal of the nursing school. There, King published ''Toward a Theory of Nursing: General Concepts of Human Behavior'' in 1971, dated 1973, and winning the American Journal of Nursing Book of the Year award.<ref name=":3" />
From 1971 to 1980, King returned to Loyola University as a professor, and in 1980 transferred to South Florida's College of Nursing in Tampa, Florida as a professor emeritus and taught there until 1990.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1">{{cite news |date=December 28, 2007 |title=Obituary: Imogene M. King |newspaper=Tampa Bay Times |url=http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/sptimes/obituary.aspx?n=imogene-m-king&pid=100288228 |accessdate=June 21, 2012}}</ref>
In 1981 King published her text, ''A Theory for Nursing: Systems, Concepts, Process'', in which King presents her complete theory.<ref>{{Cite book |last=King |first=Imogene M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y8cQAQAAMAAJ |title=A Theory for Nursing: Systems, Concepts, Process |date=1981 |publisher=J. Wiley |isbn=978-0-471-07795-4 |language=en}}</ref>
=== Personal life === She remained in Tampa until her retirement in 1990.<ref name=":1" /> '' ''
King died of a stroke on December 24, 2007, in St. Petersburg, Florida.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> Her burial was held in Fort Madison, Iowa on January 19, 2008.<ref name=":2" />
==Awards and honors== * 2005: Living Legend, American Academy of Nursing<ref name=":3">{{cite web |title=Living Legends - Complete List |url=http://www.aannet.org/living-legends-complete-list |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120412055058/http://www.aannet.org/living-legends-complete-list |archive-date=April 12, 2012 |publisher=American Academy of Nursing |accessdate=June 21, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Love |first1=K |date=2014 |title=A mid-range theory of Empowered Holistic Nursing Education: A pedagogy for a student-centered classroom |url=https://digitalcommons.fairfield.edu/nursing-facultypubs/103 |journal=Creative Nursing |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=47–58 |doi=10.1891/1078-4535.20.1.47 |pmid=24730192|s2cid=11913753 |url-access=subscription }}</ref> * 2004: Hall of Fame Inductee, American Nurses Association<ref>{{cite web| title = ANA Hall of Fame| publisher = American Nurses Association| url = http://www.nursingworld.org/FunctionalMenuCategories/AboutANA/Honoring-Nurses/HallofFame/InducteesListedAlphabetically| accessdate = June 21, 2012| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120329202149/http://www.nursingworld.org/FunctionalMenuCategories/AboutANA/Honoring-Nurses/HallofFame/InducteesListedAlphabetically| archive-date = March 29, 2012| url-status = dead}}</ref> * Honorary Doctorate from Southern Illinois University * 1996: Jessie M. Scott Award of the American Nurses Association<ref name=":0" /> * 1973: Book of the Year award, American Journal of Nursing
==Selected publications== * {{cite book |last=King |first=Imogene |title=A Theory for Nursing: Systems, Concepts, Process |publisher=J. Wiley |year=1981 |url=https://archive.org/details/theoryfornursing00king |isbn=978-0471077954 |url-access=registration}} * King, I. M. (1990). Health as the goal for nursing. ''Nursing Science Quarterly'', ''3''(3), 123-128. * King, I. M. (1992). King's theory of goal attainment. ''Nursing Science Quarterly'', ''5''(1), 19-26. * King, I. M. (1994). Quality of life and goal attainment. ''Nursing Science Quarterly'', ''7''(1), 29-32. * King, I. M. (1997). King's theory of goal attainment in practice. ''Nursing Science Quarterly'', ''10''(4), 180-185. * King, I. M. (1999). A theory of goal attainment: Philosophical and ethical implications. ''Nursing Science Quarterly'', ''12''(4), 292-296. * King, I. M. (2007). King's conceptual system, theory of goal attainment, and transaction process in the 21st century. ''Nursing Science Quarterly'', ''20''(2), 109-111.
==See also== *List of Living Legends of the American Academy of Nursing
==References== {{Reflist}}
==Further reading== {{refbegin}} *{{cite journal |last=Stevens |first=Kathleen R |author2=Messmer Patricia R |year=2008|title=In remembrance of Imogene M. King, January 30, 1923 - December 24, 2007: Imogene, a pioneer and dear colleague |journal=Nursing Outlook |volume=56 |issue=3 |pages=100–1 | pmid = 18501746 |doi = 10.1016/j.outlook.2008.02.003 |doi-access=free }} *{{cite journal |last=Lavin |first=Mary Ann |author2=Killeen Mary B |year=2008|title=Tribute to Imogene King |journal=International Journal of Nursing Terminologies and Classifications |volume=19 |issue=2 |pages=44–7 | pmid = 18476843 |doi = 10.1111/j.1744-618X.2008.00080.x }} *{{cite journal |last=Kennedy |first=Maureen Shawn |date=March 2008 |title=In Memoriam: Imogene King, December 24, 2007 |journal=The American Journal of Nursing |volume=108 |issue=3 |pages=87 | pmid = 18316926 |doi = 10.1097/01.NAJ.0000312271.47979.7b }} *{{cite journal |last=Messmer |first=Patricia R |date=July 2007 |title=Imogene M. King over the years |journal=Nursing Science Quarterly |volume=20 |issue=3 |pages=198 | pmid = 17849619 | doi = 10.1177/0894318407303097 |s2cid=208272283 }} *{{cite journal |last=Frey |first=Maureen A |author2=Sieloff Christina L |author3=Norris Diane M |date=April 2002 |title=King's conceptual system and theory of goal attainment: past, present, and future |journal=Nursing Science Quarterly |volume=15 |issue=2 |pages=107–12 | pmid = 11949478 | doi = 10.1177/08943180222108895 }} *{{cite journal |last=King |first=I M |author2=Sugimori M |date=October 1977 |title=A special interview: Dr. Imogene M. King |journal=Kango Kyōiku (Japanese Journal of Nurses' Education) |volume=18 |issue=10 |pages=597–602 | issn = 0047-1895| pmid = 336939 | language = ja }}{{refend}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:King, Imogene}} Category:1923 births Category:2007 deaths Category:People from Lee County, Iowa Category:Academics from Iowa Category:American nursing administrators Category:Nursing theorists Category:20th-century American women scientists Category:20th-century American scientists Category:Saint Louis University alumni Category:Teachers College, Columbia University alumni Category:Loyola University Chicago faculty Category:Ohio State University faculty Category:University of South Florida faculty Category:American women academics Category:21st-century American women