Ikarus 452M

{{more footnotes|date=November 2016}}  {{Infobox aircraft | name = Ikarus 452 | logo = | logo_size = | image = | alt = | caption = | long_caption = | other_names = | aircraft_type = [[Research aircraft]] | aim = | outcome = | related = | national_origin = Yugoslavia | manufacturer = [[Ikarbus|Ikarus]] | design_group = | designer = [[Dragoljub Beslin]] | builder = | issuer = | status = | owners = | primary_user = | more_users = | service = | major_applications = | proposals = | prototypes = | number_built = 2 | construction_number = | civil_registration = | military_serial = | radio_code = | requirement = | aircraft_carried = | flights = | total_hours = | total_distance = | construction_date = | introduction = | retired = | first_flight = 24 July 1953 | initiated = | in_service = | last_flight = | expected = | developed_from = | variants = | developed_into = | preservation = | fate = | predecessors = | successors = | concluded = }} The '''Ikarus 452M (B-452-2)''' was a [[Yugoslavia|Yugoslav]] [[experimental aircraft]] first revealed in 1953. It was [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia’s]] first [[Swept wing|swept-wing]] light [[Jet aircraft|jet]] [[Interceptor aircraft|fighter-interceptor]]. The all-metal aircraft featured retractable nose-wheel [[landing gear]] and was the first to incorporate a domestically produced light metal [[alloy]] for its [[fuselage]] skin.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |title=Ikarus 452 |url=https://www-airwar-ru.translate.goog/enc/xplane/452.html?_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=ru&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en}}</ref>

A distinctive aspect of the design was its [[Twin-boom aircraft|twin-fin tail unit]], an uncommon feature in Yugoslav aviation. The [[Stabilizer (aeronautics)|fins]] were mounted on beams extending from the wings and connected by a V-shaped [[Stabilizer (aeronautics)|stabilizer]]. The aircraft had a 36º wing sweep, with plans to add [[Leading-edge slat|slats]] for improved performance. It was powered by two [[Palas 056A]] [[turbojet]] engines arranged vertically in the fuselage, each fed by separate air [[Intake|intakes]]. As a [[Technology demonstration|technology demonstrator]], its [[Weapon|armament]] was minimal, consisting of two [[12 mm caliber|12.7mm]] [[M2 Browning|Browning machine guns]].<ref name=":0" />

It was publicly revealed on April 30, 1953. However, a [[Flight test|test flight]] on July 24 ended in an [[emergency landing]] due to [[Aircraft fuel system|fuel system]] failure, severely damaging the aircraft and injuring the [[test pilot]].<ref name=":0" />

To address inadequate engine [[thrust]], a three-engine variant (B-452-3) was proposed, with upgraded armament, but it remained at the design stage. A later iteration, the B-452-4, incorporated a more powerful [[Turbomeca Marboré|Turbomeca Marbore II]] [[Jet engine|engine]], an enlarged [[airframe]], and twin [[20 mm caliber|20mm]] [[Autocannon|cannons]]. Intended for both [[Interceptor aircraft|interception]] and [[Close air support|ground attack]], it was designed to carry [[Air-to-surface missile|air-to-surface]] [[High Velocity Aircraft Rocket|high-velocity aircraft rockets]] (HVARs). Despite its modern concept, the project was ultimately shelved in favor of the B-12 interceptor.<ref name=":0" />

Results of the experimental programme provided a basis for the production of the [[Soko Galeb]].{{Citation needed|date=March 2025}}

==Specifications== {{Aircraft specs | prime units? = met | crew = One pilot | length m = 5.97 | length ft = 19 | length in = 7 | span m = 5.25 | span ft = 17 | span in = 2 | height m = 1.77 | height ft = 5 | height in = 9 | gross weight kg = 1,100 | gross weight lb = 2,420 | eng1 number = 2 | eng1 name = [[Turbomeca Palas]] 056A | eng1 kn = 1.5 | eng1 lbf = 330 | max speed kmh = 780 | max speed mph = 466 | endurance = 1 hours 15 minutes | armament = * 4 x 12.7mm [[M3 Browning]] machine guns (two nose gun ports per side) }}

==See also== {{Portal|Aviation}} * [[Ikarus 451|Ikarus 451M]] (first domestically-built Yugoslav jet aircraft) * [https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=ru&u=http://www.airwar.ru/enc/xplane/453.html&sa=X&oi=translate&resnum=1&ct=result&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dhttp://www.airwar.ru/enc/xplane/453.html%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DG Ikarus 453]

==References== {{Reflist}} * {{cite book |last= Taylor |first= Michael J. H. |title=Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation |year=1989 |publisher=Studio Editions |location=London |pages=430 }}

==External links== * [https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=ru&u=http://www.airwar.ru/enc/xplane/452.html&sa=X&oi=translate&resnum=3&ct=result&prev=/search%3Fq%3DIkarus%2B452%2Bairwar.ru%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DG Ikarus 452] (Specifications, photos...) * [http://rides.webshots.com/photo/2448413070033538523nVzkjT Ikarus 452 photo] * [http://rides.webshots.com/photo/1119252218046267957tJZcKr Ikarus Ik-452-2 photo]

[[Category:1950s Yugoslav experimental aircraft]] [[Category:Ikarus aircraft]] [[Category:Twinjets]] [[Category:Mid-wing aircraft]] [[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1953]]