{{Short description|Serbian painter}} {{Infobox artist | image = 1675 ignjat job.jpg | imagesize = | caption = at age 20<ref name="telegram"/> | birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1895|03|28}} | birth_place = Dubrovnik, Austria-Hungary | death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1936|04|28|1895|03|28}} | death_place = Zagreb, Yugoslavia | nationality = | field = painting | training = | movement = | works = | influenced by = }}
'''Ignjat "Ignjo" Job''' ({{lang-sr-Cyrl|Игњат Јоб}}; 28 March 1895 – 28 April 1936) was an important representative of colour expressionism in the art scene of Yugoslavia during the 1930s. Job's landscapes of Dalmatia are reminiscent of the style of Van Gogh. He is best known for his series of paintings inspired by life on the island of Brač. Job said that “the beneficial influence of the Brač landscape can be felt, the hot sun, blue sea, and green branches of olive trees swayed by the breath of the maestral”. His paintings depicted the Mediterranean landscape, motifs of the town of Supetar, fishing themes, and more rarely portraits and nudes.
== Life and career == Ignjat Job was born in Dubrovnik on 28 March 1895. His family hailed from Udine, modern-day Italy, but came to identify first as Catholic Serbs and then as Croats;<ref>{{Cite book|last=Job|first=Cvijeto|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|title=Yugoslavia's Ruin: The Bloody Lessons of Nationalism, a Patriot's Warning|pages=4|isbn=0742517845|year=2002}}</ref> Job himself identified as a Serb.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Miljković|first=Ljubica|publisher=Narodni muzej Beograd & Radio-televizija Srbije|title=Игњат Јоб - узвитлан животом и стваралаштвом|pages=3|year=2013}}</ref> Job's father died when Job was 5 years old.{{sfn|Zidić|2007|p=43}} He attended school in Dubrovnik until 1910. An important influence on his early intellectual and artistic development was his older brother Cvijeto (1892–1915), whose art studies in Belgrade and Munich came to an end when he went off to fight in the First World War for the Serbian Army.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Beba|first=Danja|title=Serbian painters in the Great War, by Ljubiša Nikolić|url=https://www.academia.edu/20287839 |journal=Vojnosanitetski Pregled|volume=68|issue=7|language=en}}</ref><ref name="pavle-beljanski"/>
thumb|left|upright=1.1|Self-portrait (''Autoportret''), oil on canvas, 1931
As an active supporter for independence from Austria-Hungary, the young Ignjat Job was arrested in 1912 along with other young nationalists and sentenced to one month in prison.<ref name="arte-rs"/> In 1913, when Job was 18, his daughter, Marija, was born. Arrested again in 1914, he spent time in Šibenik prison, then removed to a mental hospital, thanks to good connections, until September 1916.{{sfn|Zidić|2007|p=43}} Traumatic experiences from his two-year stay in the mental hospital oppressed Job in the years that followed, and left a mark on his work, most notably on ''Madmen in the Yard'', a drawing thought to have been made between 1916 and 1919.{{sfn|Zidić|2007|p=44}}
In 1917 Job moved to Zagreb with his mother and younger brother Nikola, where he enrolled in the Arts and Crafts College (''Viša škola za umjetnost i umjetni obrt'').<ref name="pavle-beljanski"/> Job fell in love, and married Viktorija Oršić. After spending the summer in Dubrovnik and on Lopud, the couple moved back to Zagreb for the autumn. However, the relationship was not to last, and they divorced in 1920. In that same year, Job's mother died, and due to irregular attendance, he lost his place at college.{{sfn|Zidić|2007|p=43}} The family fortune had been used up in enforced war loans, the purchase of the flat in Zagreb, and the education of the children. Job now found himself dependent on the goodwill of friends, and increasingly prone to bouts of depression and ill-health.{{sfn|Zidić|2007|p=43}}
In December 1920, Job went to Italy, visiting Rome, Naples and Capri. Travelling back through Dubrovnik and Zagreb, he went on to Belgrade,<ref name="pavle-beljanski"/> spending time there with local modernist artists - most notably Petar Dobrović.<ref name="arte-rs"/> There also, in 1923, Job met and married his second wife, Živka Cvetković,<ref name="arte-rs"/> and their daughter Cvijeta was born in the summer of 1924.<ref name="pavle-beljanski"/>
In the spring of 1925 Job was diagnosed with tuberculosis, and spent the summer being treated at Ovčar-Kablar Gorge,<ref name="pavle-beljanski"/> after which the family moved to the village of Kulina, near Kruševac. There he painted his memories of the coast, mostly on small panels.<ref name="arte-rs"/> Job converted to Orthodox Christianity and married his second wife in the Church of Saint Sava in Belgrade.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pressreader.com/serbia/blic/20130317/282260957902053|title=Opčinjen magijom Mediterana|via=PressReader|access-date=2019-07-22}}</ref> Job's son Rastko, named after his godfather the writer Rastko Petrović, was born in October 1925. He soon fell ill and died in March of the following year. The death of his infant son left a deep impression on Job's mental and emotional state.<ref name="pavle-beljanski"/>
In the summer of 1927 the family moved to Vodice, near Šibenik, and from 1928 they lived in Supetar on the island of Brač. There, Job embarked on the most creative time of his artistic career, and his style began to resemble that of Van Gogh. Job's focus was on recording the impulse of his personal feelings, and strong expressiveness became a feature of his work.<ref name="pavle-beljanski"/> The following year, 1929, he held his first solo exhibition in Split, which was well received by public and critics alike. By his next solo exhibition at the Salon Galić in Split, Job's style had developed more toward expressionism.<ref name="arte-rs"/>
Between 1934 and 1935, Job lived in Belgrade and Zagreb, then returned to Supetar. He died of tuberculosis in a Zagreb clinic on 28 April 1936.<ref name="arte-rs"/>
thumb|upright=1.4|Landscape (''Pejzaž''), oil on panel, 1935
== Style ==
Ignjat Job's best, most creative and expressive work was produced in a very short period of time. In the early 1920s, his painting still shows the influence of the Spring Salon, with rounded forms in more muted colours. However, inspired by the scenes of his native Dalmatia, and driven by his own personal demons, Job went on to become one of the most expressive painters in the Croatian modern art scene of the 1920s and 30s. In his later works he demonstrated fauvism techniques and strong, expressive use of colour. Job saw landscape as a symbol, and used colour as an expression of his emotions, his personal experience of life and his reaction to the environment and its native people.<ref name="hrt-roden"/> His art was grounded in the earthy island lifestyle, and he pursued his own personal vision. As the critic Igor Zidić says "All of the content in Job's work, from 1928 to his death, are locally and regionally marked, always concrete, borrowed from the real world and the little towns of Dalmatia in which he scrimped and lived, full of ambiental tone and colour, melodies, events and figures... He was a careful observer, with a lot of sense for humour, for the comic and tragicomic, for the mad, the ridiculous, the fantastic and the drunk."{{sfn|Zidić|2007|p=40}}
==Legacy== Job's works have been included in the anthologies of Croatian, Serbian, and Yugoslav art.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rts.rs/page/rts/sr/galerija-rts/story/2062/galerija-rts/1285052/ignjat-job---uzvitlan-zivotom-i-stvaralastvom.html|title=Ignjat Job - "Uzvitlan životom i stvaralaštvom"|website=rts.rs|access-date=2019-07-15|date=21 February 2013}}</ref>
[[File:Ignjat Job - Stone Table (1935).jpg|thumb|upright=1.1|Job's 1935 oil on canvas Stone Table (''Kameni stol'') appeared in a series of stamps of Croatian Modern Art issued by the Croatian Post.<ref name="hrposta"/>]]
== Works ==
Images of Ignjat Job's paintings can be seen online at the Adris Group website,<ref name="adris-slika"/> Arte Galerija,<ref name="arte"/> Galerija Remek-Djela<ref name="remek-djela"/> and Branislav Dešković Gallery in Bol.<ref name="GD"/> {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * Santa Maria, 1921<ref name="adris-slika"/><ref name="remek-djela"/> * Coastal Village (''Primorsko selo''), 1925<ref name="arte"/> * Mountain Landscape (''Planinski pejzaž''), 1927<ref name="arte"/> * Fish Market (''Riblja Piaca''), 1927<ref name="msub"/> * Prayer (''Molitva''), 1927-8<ref name="adris-slika"/><ref name="remek-djela"/> * Self-portrait with Hat (''Autoportret sa šeširom''), 1928-9<ref name="adris-slika"/> * My House in Supetar (''Moj dom u Supetru''), 1929<ref name="adris-slika"/><ref name="arte"/> * Madmen (''Ludaci''), 1929<ref name="arte"/> * Mr. Bepo (''Šjor Bepo''), 1929<ref name="ugdub"/> * Fields (''Polje''), 1930<ref name="adris-slika"/> * Village (''Selo''), 1930<ref name="nmz"/> * Landscape (''Pejzaž''), 1930<ref name="adris-slika"/> * After Harvest (''Poslije berbe''), 1930<ref name="adris-slika"/> * Landscape with the Artist's House (''Pejzaž sa umetnikovim domom''), 1930<ref name="arte"/> * Minčeta with Palm (''Minčeta s palmom''), 1931<ref name="adris-slika"/> * Self-portrait (''Autoportret''), 1931<ref name="adris-slika"/> * Landscape Through Pines and Olives (''Pejzaž kroz bore i maslina''), 1931<ref name="remek-djela"/> * Innocent (''Bezazleni''), 1931<ref name="adris-slika"/><ref name="remek-djela"/> * Female Nude (''Ženski akt''), 1931<ref name="adris-slika"/><ref name="remek-djela"/> * Portrait of Liza Križanić (''Portret Lize Križanić''), 1931<ref name="arte"/> * Landscape with House (''Pejzaž s kućom''), 1932<ref name="remek-djela"/> * Landscape with Church (''Pejzaž s crkvom''), 1932<ref name="adris-slika"/> * Grouper (''Škarpina''), 1932<ref name="adris-slika"/><ref name="remek-djela"/> * House Beneath the Hill (''Kuća pod bregom''), 1932<ref name="adris-slika"/> * Fighting in the Bar (''Tučnjava u gostionici''), 1932<ref name="adris-slika"/><ref name="remek-djela"/> * On the Terrace (''Na terasi''), 1932<ref name="arte"/> * Courtyard (''Dvorište''), 1932<ref name="arte"/> * Return from the Harvest (''Povratak s berbe''), 1932-3<ref name="adris-slika"/> * Gripe, 1933-4<ref name="adris-slika"/><ref name="arte"/><ref name="remek-djela"/> * Vela Glavica I, 1933<ref name="adris-slika"/><ref name="remek-djela"/> * Vela Glavica II, 1933<ref name="arte"/> * Sunday (''Nedelja''), 1933<ref name="arte"/> * Primorski Landscape (Pines) (''Primorski pejzaž (Borovi)''), 1933<ref name="arte"/> * Courtyard with Flowers (''Dvorište sa cvećem''), 1934<ref name="arte"/> * Reclining Nude (''Ležeći akt''), 1934<ref name="arte"/> * Fishermen Before the Storm (''Ribari pred oluju''), 1934<ref name="remek-djela"/> * Landscape (''Pejzaž''), 1935<ref name="remek-djela"/> * Sea and Trees (''More i borovi''), 1935<ref name="adris-slika"/><ref name="nmz"/> * Inn (''Krčma''), 1935<ref name="adris-slika"/> * Wine Pressing (''Turnanje vina''), 1935 <ref name="adris-slika"/> * Olives I (''Masline I''), 1935<ref name="arte"/> * Stone Table (''Kameni stol''), 1935<ref name="adris-slika"/><ref name="remek-djela"/>
{{div col end}}
==Exhibitions==
During his lifetime, Ignjat Job held exhibitions of his work in Split, Zagreb and Belgrade.
===Solo exhibitions=== Recent exhibitions of his work include:
*2007 Adris Gallery<ref name="adris"/> *1997 Ignjat Job, Art Pavilion in Zagreb<ref name="artfacts"/> *2013, National Museum of Serbia
===Group exhibitions===
* 2009 100 Godina Srpske Umetnosti, National Museum, Belgrade<ref name="nmb"/> * 2007 and 2008 From the holdings of the museum - Museum of Modern Art Dubrovnik, Dubrovnik<ref name="artfacts"/>
===Public collections=== His work can be found in the following public collections:
'''Croatia''' * Modern Gallery, Zagreb, Croatia<ref name="mg"/> * Gallery of Fine Arts, Split<ref name="galum"/> * Gallery of Fine Arts, Zadar<ref name="nmz"/> * Galerija umjetnina Branislav Dešković, Bol, island of Brač, Croatia<ref name="GD"/> * Museum of Modern Art Dubrovnik, Dubrovnik<ref name="ugdub"/>
'''Serbia''' * Pavle Beljanski Memorial Collection, Novi Sad<ref name="pavle-beljanski"/> * Museum of Contemporary Art (''Muzej Savremene Umetnosti''), Belgrade<ref name="msub"/> * National Museum of Serbia * Parliament of Serbia * Belgrade City Museum
==Gallery== {{Gallery |title= |align=center |width=267 |File:I.Job Kopači.jpg|{{center|''Kopači'' ("Diggers")}} |File:Ignjat Job - Lumbarda.jpg|{{center|''Lumbarda'' ("Countryside in Lumbarda")}} |File:Ignjat Job - Sunday.jpg|{{center|Sunday}} |File:Ignjat Job - Moj dom u Supetaru, 1929.jpg|{{center|''Moj dom u Supetaru'', 1929 ("My home in Supetar")}} }}
==See also== * Marko Murat
==References== '''Notes''' {{Reflist| refs=
<ref name="adris">{{cite web|url=http://www.adris.hr/Adris_i_Zajednica/Galerija_Adris/aktivna_galerija.asp?izlozbaID=52|publisher=Adris Group|work=Exhibits|title=Ignjat Job (1895-1936)|access-date=23 June 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110624075257/http://www.adris.hr/Adris_i_Zajednica/Galerija_Adris/aktivna_galerija.asp?izlozbaID=52|archive-date=24 June 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref name="adris-slika">{{cite web|url=http://www.adris.hr/Adris_i_Zajednica/Galerija_Adris/galerija_slika.asp?galerijeID=26|publisher=Adris Group|work=Gallery|title=Ignjat Job: Gallery of Paintings|access-date=24 June 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725212420/http://www.adris.hr/Adris_i_Zajednica/Galerija_Adris/galerija_slika.asp?galerijeID=26|archive-date=25 July 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref name="arte-rs">{{cite web |url=http://www.arte.rs/sr/umetnici/ignjat_job-3978/biografija/ |publisher=Arte Galerija |work=Umjetnik | title=Ignjat Job (1895-1936) |access-date=14 June 2011}}</ref>
<ref name="arte">{{cite web |url=http://www.arte.rs/sr/umetnici/ignjat_job-3978/opus/|publisher=Arte Galerija |work=Artist Works | title=Ignjat Job |access-date=23 June 2011}}</ref>
<ref name="nmb">{{cite web |url=http://www.arte.rs/sr/ustanove/muzeji/narodni_muzej_u_beogradu-24/izlozbe/100_godina_srpske_umetnosti-432/|publisher=National Museum, Belgrade |work=Exhibitions | title=100 Years of Serbian Art |access-date=24 June 2011}}</ref>
<ref name="remek-djela">{{cite web|url=http://www.remek-djela.com/aktivnosti/ignjat-job/ignjat-job.html|publisher=Remek Djela|work=Artists|title=Ignjat Job|access-date=23 June 2011|archive-date=22 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322211859/http://www.remek-djela.com/aktivnosti/ignjat-job/ignjat-job.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref name="artfacts">{{cite web |url=http://www.artfacts.net/en/artist/ignjat-job-130219/profile.html |publisher=Artfacts.net |website= |title=Ignjat Job (1895-1936) |access-date=28 May 2011}}</ref>
<ref name="galum">{{cite web |url=http://www.galum.hr/hr/Fundus/Zbirka-umjetnosti-19-stoljeca-i-moderne/22/default.aspx |publisher=Gallery of Fine Arts, Split |work=Collections |title=19th Century and Modern Art |access-date=24 June 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111005085816/http://www.galum.hr/hr/Fundus/Zbirka-umjetnosti-19-stoljeca-i-moderne/22/default.aspx |archive-date=5 October 2011 }}</ref>
<ref name="GD">{{cite web |url=http://hvm.mdc.hr/galerija-umjetnina-branislav-deskovic,525%3ABOL/hr/info/|publisher=MDC Museum Documentation Centre |website= |title=Galerija umjetnina Branislav Dešković |access-date=24 June 2011}}</ref>
<ref name="hrposta">{{cite web |url=http://www.posta.hr/main.aspx?id=193&idmarke=354|publisher=Croatian Post |work=Croatian Modern Art |title=Stone Table by Ignjat Job |access-date=23 June 2011}}</ref>
<ref name="hrt-roden">{{cite web |url=http://hrt.hr/index.php?id=nadanasnjidan&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=33872 |publisher=Croatian Radiotelevision |work=Dnevnik |title=Na današnji dan 1895. u Dubrovniku je rođen slikar Ignjat Job |language=Croatian |trans-title=On this day in 1895 in Dubrovnik the artist Ignjat Job was born |access-date=18 June 2011}}</ref>
<ref name="mg">{{cite web |url=http://hvm.mdc.hr/moderna-galerija,525%3AZAG-1/hr/info/|publisher=Museum Documentation Center |title=About the Museum |work=Modern Gallery, Zagreb |access-date=21 April 2011}}</ref>
<ref name="msub">{{cite web|url=http://www.msub.org.rs/izbor-iz-kolekcije-msub/1900-1945/ignjat-job|publisher=Museum of Contemporary Art, Belgrade|title=Ignjat Job|work=MSUB Collection 1900-1945|access-date=24 June 2011|archive-date=21 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120321064849/http://www.msub.org.rs/izbor-iz-kolekcije-msub/1900-1945/ignjat-job|url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref name="nmz">{{cite web |url=http://nmz.hr/collections/gallery-of-fine-arts/collection-of-19th-20th-century-art |publisher=National Museum, Zadar |title=Collection of 19th and 20th Century Art |work=Gallery of Fine Arts, Zadar |access-date=24 June 2011 |archive-date=30 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110530203449/http://nmz.hr/collections/gallery-of-fine-arts/collection-of-19th-20th-century-art |url-status=dead }}</ref>
<ref name="pavle-beljanski">{{cite web |url=http://www.pavle-beljanski.museum/prikaz-autora-pojedinacan.php?autor=11 |publisher=Spomen-zbirka Pavla Beljanski |work=Artists in the Collection | title=Ignjat Job | access-date=14 June 2011}}</ref>
<ref name="telegram">{{cite web|url=http://www.telegram.hr/price/stana-jelicic-unuka-ignjata-joba-godinama-je-iscrpno-istrazivala-zivot-svog-djeda-i-sad-za-telegram-prvi-put-prica-o-tome/|title=Stana Jeličić, unuka Ignjata Joba, detaljno je istražila život svog djeda. I sad za Telegram priča o tome|work=telegram.hr|last=Zemunović|first=Rašeljka|language=hr|access-date=20 August 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="ugdub">{{cite web |url=http://www.ugdubrovnik.hr/zbirka.htm |publisher=Umjetnicka Galerija Dubrovnik |website= |title=Collections |access-date=24 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120213182037/http://www.ugdubrovnik.hr/zbirka.htm |archive-date=13 February 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
}}
'''Bibliography''' *{{cite book|title=Ignjat Job (1895 - 1936)|first=Igor |last=Zidić |author-link=Igor Zidić|publisher=Večernji list|year=2010|language=Croatian|isbn=978-953-559-486-4}} * {{cite web |url=http://www.adris.hr/Downloads/PDFs/Izlozbe/katalog_job.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725212313/http://www.adris.hr/Downloads/PDFs/Izlozbe/katalog_job.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=25 July 2011 |publisher=Adris Gallery, Rovinj |first=Igor |last=Zidić |author-link=Igor Zidić| work=Exhibition Catalogue |title=Od traumatskog i magičnog realizma ka vizionarnom i orgijastičkom rukopisu egzistencije. Ignjat Job u hrvatskom slikarstvu dvadesetih i tridesetih godina XX. stoljeća. |language=Croatian, Italian, English|trans-title=From Traumatic and Magic Realism Towards a Visionary and Orgiastic Individual Stamp on Existence. Ignjat Job in Croatian Painting of the 1920s and 30s. |year=2007 |access-date=24 June 2011 }}
==External links== *{{Commons category-inline}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Job, Ignjat}} Category:1895 births Category:1936 deaths Category:20th-century Serbian painters Category:Yugoslav painters Category:Serbian landscape painters Category:People from Dubrovnik Category:20th-century deaths from tuberculosis Category:Burials at Mirogoj Cemetery Category:Tuberculosis deaths in Yugoslavia