{{Short description|Croatian architect}} {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2016}} {{Infobox architect |name = Ignjat Fischer |image = |image_size = 150px |caption = |birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1870|06|18}} |birth_place = Zagreb, Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, (now Croatia) |death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1948|01|19|1870|06|18}} |death_place = Zagreb, SFR Yugoslavia |alma_mater = |practice = |significant_buildings= Parliament of Croatia |significant_projects = |significant_design = |awards = }}
'''Ignjat Nathan Fischer''' (18 June 1870, Zagreb – 19 January 1948, Zagreb) was a Croatian architect who was active in Zagreb during the first half of the 20th century.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.zoz.hr/files/ha-kol_108.pdf|title=Zagrebačka židovska topografija u Donjem gradu|publisher=Ha-Kol, magazine of the Jewish community Zagreb|work=www.zoz.hr|language=hr|access-date=9 December 2010|archive-date=25 December 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101225105553/http://www.zoz.hr/files/ha-kol_108.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="aif">{{harvtxt|Bagarić|2011|p=}}</ref>
==Early life and education== Fischer was born in Zagreb to a Croatian-Jewish family.<ref name="aif" /><ref>{{harvtxt|Goldstein|2005|p=287}}</ref><ref>{{harvtxt|Snješka Knežević|2011|p=177}}</ref> His father Samuel was a prominent construction engineer.<ref name="aif"/><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.jewishrenaissance.org.uk/issue32.htm|title=The Jews of Croatia|publisher=Jewish Renaissance|work=www.jewishrenaissance.org.uk|access-date=9 December 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100726103305/http://www.jewishrenaissance.org.uk/issue32.htm|archive-date=26 July 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=jl>{{cite news|url=http://www.jutarnji.hr/ignjat-fischer--projektirao-je-i-hrvatski-sabor--ali-i-javne-kuce-u--kozarskoj-ulici/973169/|title=Ignjat Fischer: Projektirao je i Hrvatski sabor, ali i javne kuće u Kožarskoj ulici|publisher=Jutarnji list|work=www.jutarnji.hr|language=hr|access-date=12 September 2011|archive-date=12 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140112024645/http://www.jutarnji.hr/ignjat-fischer--projektirao-je-i-hrvatski-sabor--ali-i-javne-kuce-u--kozarskoj-ulici/973169/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="hakol1">{{in lang|hr}} Ha-Kol (Glasilo Židovske zajednice u Hrvatskoj); Aleksander Laslo, Nataša Maksimović Subašić; Graditelji novog Zagreba; stranica 22; broj 108, siječanj / veljača 2009.</ref> Fischer studied in Vienna and Prague.<ref name="aif"/>
==Career== [[File:Banjelaciczg.JPG|thumb|City Savings bank palace (on the left) in Ban Jelačić Square; designed by Fischer (1922–1925)]] In his early stage he was one of the major architects who introduced the Vienna Secession in Croatian architecture. During that phase he created several impressive designs, such as a house Rado at Strossmayer Square 7 in 1897, sanatorium in Klaićeva Street known for its V-based ground plan in 1908, and the building of the deanery and the institute of pathology at the Medical Faculty of Šalata in 1912.<ref name="aif"/><ref>{{cite journal|url=https://www.ipu.hr/content/radovi-ipu/RIPU-30-2006-265-280-Bagaric.pdf|title=Sanatorij u Klaićevoj ulici u Zagrebu - djelo arhitekta Ignjata Fischera|journal=Radovi Instituta Za Povijest Umjetnosti|issue=30|year=2006|pages=265–280|last=Bagarić|first=Marina|publisher=Institute of Art History|location=Zagreb|language=hr|access-date=19 November 2018}}</ref>
During the Interwar period, Fischer designed in the spirit of late modernism, historicism and, modestism. His greatest achievements are the forestry Academy building in Mažuranić Square 5 in 1920, the head office of City Savings Bank of Zagreb on Ban Jelačić Square in 1922–1925 (upgraded in 1931), and modern house Arko at Dolac Market.<ref name="aif"/><ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://arhiva.nacional.hr/clanak/38852/19-dragulja-u-centru-zagreba |title=19 dragulja u centru Zagreba |magazine=Nacional |issue=622 |language=hr |trans-title=19 gems in the centre of Zagreb |author=Marina Biluš |date=16 October 2007 |access-date=19 November 2018 |archive-date=23 May 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120523183701/http://www.nacional.hr/clanak/38852/19-dragulja-u-centru-zagreba |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
The full extent of Fischer's work is not known with certainty. Recent research discovered a number of architectural designs that were previously not attributed to him, most notably the building of the Croatian Parliament in the St. Mark's Square.<ref name="aif"/><ref name=jl/> In Zagreb, he had a large studio where he designed up to forty different buildings.<ref name="aif"/>
==Personal life== Fischer was a member of Croatian Freemasonry.<ref name="aif"/><ref>{{cite news |title=FOTO Novi broj magazina Svijet ekskluzivno donosi: Prvi pogled u londonski dom Gorana Štroka |url=http://www.jutarnji.hr/novi-broj-magazina-svijet-ekskluzivno-donosi--prvi-pogled-u-londonski-dom-gorana-stroka/1033500/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303212709/http://www.jutarnji.hr/novi-broj-magazina-svijet-ekskluzivno-donosi--prvi-pogled-u-londonski-dom-gorana-stroka/1033500/ |archive-date=2016-03-03 |work=www.jutarnji.hr |publisher=Jutarnji list |language=hr}}</ref> He was married to Helena (née Egersrodfer) with whom he had two daughters, Ivana and Marija Magdalena. Events before and during World War II affected his health.<ref name="aif"/> His daughter Ivana recalled that her ''"father was imprisoned even when he was 70 years old, because he was a Jew. As a result of those persecutions he became seriously ill and died in 1948."''<ref name=jl/> Fischer was buried at the Mirogoj Cemetery.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Grobno mjesto Ignjata Fischera F-9-I-4|publisher=www.gradskagroblja.hr|url=http://www.gradskagroblja.hr/default.aspx?id=331|access-date=13 June 2012|language=hr}}</ref><ref>{{in lang|hr}} Gradska groblja Zagreb: Ignjat Fischer, Mirogoj RKT-9-I-4</ref>
==See also== * Ivana Fišer (daughter)
==References== {{Reflist|30em}}
==Bibliography== {{Refbegin}} * {{cite book|last=Goldstein|first=Ivo|title=Židovi u Zagrebu 1918 – 1941|year=2005|publisher=Novi Liber|location=Zagreb|isbn=953-6045-23-0}} * {{cite book|last=Bagarić|first=Marina|title=Arhitekt Ignjat Fischer|year=2011|publisher=Meandarmedia|location=Zagreb|isbn=978-953-735-576-0}} * {{cite book|last=Snješka Knežević|first=Aleksander Laslo|title=Židovski Zagreb|year=2011|publisher=AGM, Židovska općina Zagreb|location=Zagreb|isbn=978-953-174-393-8}} {{Refend}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Fischer, Ignjat}} Category:1870 births Category:1948 deaths Category:Architects from Zagreb Category:Burials at Mirogoj Cemetery Category:Croatian Jews Category:Jews from Austria-Hungary Category:Croats in Austria-Hungary Category:Jewish architects Category:Croatian Freemasons