Icla Formation
Geological formation
AgePragian - Emsian
PeriodEarly Devonian
RegionSub-alpine region
CountryBolivia
UnderliesHuamampampa Formation
OverliesSanta Rosa Formation

The Icla Formation is an early Devonian formation from Bolivia. It preserves a moderately diverse fauna of trilobites, brachiopods, crinoids and a few species of jawed fish.

Paleobiota

Paleobiota
GenusSpeciesHigher taxonNotesImages
RamirosuareziaR. bolivianaGnathostomataResembles a mix of gnathostome groups, may be the same as Zamponiopteron[1]
PucapampellaP. rodrigaeStem-ChondrichthyesAlso known from the Belèn Formation, one of the most basal known cartilaginous fish[2]
MeperocrinusM. angelinaEmperocrinidae (Camerata)Has unusual wing-shaped extensions of its calyx[3]
LutocrinusL. boliviaensisRhodocrinitidae (Diplobathrida)[4]
GriphocrinusG. pirovanoiDimerocrinitidae (Diplobathrida)[4]
MaurotarionM. dereimsi, M. racheboufiAulacopleuridae (Proetida)[5]
BainellaB. (Belenops) insolitaCalmoniidae[6]
DeltacephalaspisD. (Prestalia) tumidaCalmoniidae[6]
SchizostylusS. (Schizostylus) ?brevicaudatusCalmoniidae[6]
ProbolopsP. glabellirostrisCalmoniidae[6]
KozlowskiaspisK. (Kozlowskiapis) supernaCalmoniidae[6]
Acastoides??A. verneuiliCalmoniidae[6]
PhacopinaP. padillaCalmoniidae[6]
PlesiomalvinellaP. pujravii, P. bouleiCalmoniidae[7]
MalvinellaM. haugiCalmoniidae[7]
VogesinaV. devonica, V. lacunaferaCalmoniidaeFormerly classed in the genus Phacopina[7]
NuculitesN. beneckei, N. oblongatus[8]Malletiidae
PalaeoneiloP. rhysa?[8]Malletiidae
PhestiaP. inornata?[8]Nuculanidae
BolithecaB. steinmanniOrthothecida[9]
BolithesB. crasquinaeHyolithida[10]
ProtoleptostrophiaP. concinnaStropheodontidae (Strophomenoidea)[11]
SchuchertellaS. sp?Schuchertellidae (Orthotetida)[11]
AustralostrophiaA. mesembrinaChonostrophiidae (Chonetidina)[11]
PleurochonetesP. anteloi, P. lauriataChonetidae (Chonetidina)[11]P. anteloi was formerly placed in its own genus (Gamonetes) before being synonymised[12]
NotiochonetesN. falklandicaChonetidae (Chonetidina)[11]
KentronetesK. iclaense[13]ChonetidinaFormerly included in Quadrikentron, but split out into its own genus[14]
AntelocoeliaA. johnsoniLeptocoeliidae (Rhynchonellida)[15]
AustralocoeliaA. palmataLeptocoeliidae (Rhynchonellida)[15]
MeristelloidesM. rikowskiiMeristellidae (Athyridida)[15]
AustralospiriferA. hawkinsiDelthyrididae (Spiriferida)[15]
MetaplasiaM. pseudoumbonataAmbocoeliidae (Spiriferida)[15]
PlicoplasiaP. planoconvexaAmbocoeliidae (Spiriferida)[15]
ProboscidinaP. arceiCentronellidae (Terebratulida)[15]
MutationellaM. spMutationellidae (Terebratulida)[15]
PodolellaP. spMutationellidae (Terebratulida)[15]
DerbyinaD. smithi, D. jamesianaMutationellidae (Terebratulida)[15]
PleurothyrellaP. knodiMutationellidae (Terebratulida)[15]
ScaphiocoeliaS. bolivianaMutationellidae (Terebratulida)[15]
CryptonellaC. bainiCryptonellidae (Terebratulida)[15]
ConulariaC. quichua, C. albertensis[16]Conulariida
ParaconulariaP. ulrichiana, P. africana[16]Conulariida

References

  1. ^ Pradel, Alan; Maisey, John G.; Tafforeau, P.; Janvier, Philippe (May 2009). "An enigmatic gnathostome vertebrate skull from the Middle Devonian of Bolivia". Acta Zoologica. 90 (s1): 123–133. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6395.2008.00350.x
  2. ^ Maisey, John G.; Janvier, Philippe; Pradel, Alan; Denton, John S. S.; Bronson, Allison; Miller, Randall; Burrow, Carole J. (31 December 2018). "Doliodus and Pucapampellids: Contrasting Perspectives on Stem Chondrichthyan Morphology". Evolution and Development of Fishes. doi:10.1017/9781316832172.006
  3. ^ Scheffler, Sandro M. (January 2021). "Crinoids from the Lower (Pragian–Emsian) and Middle (early Eifelian) Devonian of Bolivia (Icla and Belén formations, Malvinokaffric Realm)". Journal of Paleontology. 95 (1): 141–153. doi:10.1017/jpa.2020.70
  4. ^ Thompson, Jeffrey R.; Ausich, William I.; Smith, Legrand (January 2013). "Echinoderms from the Lower Devonian (Emsian) of Bolivia (Malvinokaffric Realm)". Journal of Paleontology. 87 (1): 166–175. doi:10.1666/12-068R.1
  5. ^ Adrain, Jonathan M. & Edgecombe, Gregory D. (1996). "Devonian Aulacopleurid trilobitesof the Malvinokaffric realm". Geobios. 29 (4): 417–436. doi:10.1016/S0016-6995(96)80003-9
  6. ^ Eldredge, Niles & Branisa, Leonardo (1980). "Calmoniid trilobites of the Lower Devonian Scaphiocoelia zone of Bolivia, with remarks on related species". Bulletin of the AMNH. 165 (2): 183-289.
  7. ^ Lieberman, Bruce S.; Edgecombe, Gregory D.; Eldredge, Niles (1991). "Systematics and Biogeography of the "Malvinella Group," Calmoniidae (Trilobita, Devonian)". Journal of Paleontology. 65 (5): 824–843. ISSN 0022-3360
  8. ^ Farjat, Alejandra (January 2018). SILURIAN AND DEVONIAN PROTOBRANCH BIVALVES FROM BOLIVIA. Asociación Boliviana de Paleontología. pp. 93–114.
  9. ^ Marek, L. & Isaacson, P. E. (1992). "Devonian Hyoliths from Bolivia". Journal of Paleontology. 66 (1): 24–28. ISSN 0022-3360
  10. ^ Malinky, John M. & Racheboeuf, Patrick R. (2011). "New Hyolitha from the Devonian of Bolivia". Journal of Paleontology. 85 (6): 1077–1088. ISSN 0022-3360
  11. ^ Isaacson, Peter (January 1977). "Devonian stratigraphy and brachiopod paleontology of Bolivia. Part A. Orthida and Strophomenida". Palaeontographica Abteilung A. 155: 133-192.
  12. ^ Racheboeuf, Patrick R. (1998). The Chonetoidean Brachiopods. A revised and updated systematic and bibliographic catalogue. pp. 3–178.
  13. ^ Racheboeuf, Patrick R. & Branisa, Leonardo (1985). "New Data on Silurian and Devonian Chonetacean Brachiopods from Bolivia". Journal of Paleontology. 59 (6): 1426–1450. ISSN 0022-3360
  14. ^ Racheboeuf, Patrick R. & Herrera, Zarela (1 September 1994). "On some new Malvinokaffric Silurian and Devonian chonetacean brachiopods, and reclassification of others". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Monatshefte. 1994 (9): 541–560. doi:10.1127/njgpm/1994/1994/541
  15. ^ Isaacson, Peter (December 1993). "Devonian Brachiopoda of Bolivia". Fósiles y Facies de Bolivia. 13-14 (1-4): 3-55.
  16. ^ Babcock, Loren E.; Feldmann, Rodney M.; Wilson, Margaret T.; Suárez-Riglos, Mario (January 1987). "Devonian conulariids of Bolivia". National Geographic Research. 3 (2): 210-231.