{{Short description|Indonesian Islamic militant (1920–1965)}} {{Infobox military person | name = Ibnu Hadjar | image = File:Ibnu Hadjar.jpg | caption = | birth_name = Haderi | birth_date = {{birth date|1920|4|19|df=y}} | birth_place = {{Ill|Ambutun|id|Ambutun, Telaga Langsat, Hulu Sungai Selatan}}, Dutch East Indies | death_date = {{death date and age|1965|3|22|1920|4|19|df=y}} | death_place = | burial_place = | burial_label = | burial_coordinates = | nickname = | allegiance = {{plainlist| * {{flag|Indonesia}} <small>(?–1950)</small> * {{flagicon image|Flag of Islamic State of Indonesia.svg}} Islamic State of Indonesia <small>(1954–1963)</small> }} | branch = {{plainlist| * Indonesian Navy * Islamic Armed Forces of Indonesia }} | service_years = ?–1950, 1954–1963 | rank = Second Lieutenant | service_number = | unit = | commands = | battles = Indonesian National Revolution<br>Darul Islam rebellion {{Executed}} | battles_label = | awards = | relations = | other_work = | signature = | children = }}
'''Ibnu Hadjar''' (born '''Haderi'''; 19 April 1920 – 22 March 1965) was an Indonesian Navy officer and later the leader of Darul Islam in South Kalimantan from 1950 to 1963. He participated in Kalimantan Physical Revolution under the 4th Division of the Indonesian Navy. After the revolution, following the army reorganization, he was rejected from joining the military due to his illiteracy. He subsequently started an insurgency against the government and later joined the Islamic State of Indonesia. After surrendering he was arrested, and sentenced to death.
== Early life == Ibnu Hadjar was born on 19 April 1920 in {{Ill|Ambutun|id|Ambutun, Telaga Langsat, Hulu Sungai Selatan}} with the original name Haderi.<ref>{{Cite book |last= |first= |url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/969730421 |title=Sedjarah TNI-Angkatan Darat, 1945-1965. |date=1965 |publisher=Pusat Sedjarah Militer Angkatan Darat Indonesia |location=Bandung |pages=136 |language=id |oclc=969730421}}</ref> Before the Japanese occupation, he worked as a farmer and honey collector.{{sfn|Iqbal|2018|p=62-63}}
During the Indonesian National Revolution, he joined 4th Division of Indonesian Navy with the rank of second lieutenant and changed his name to Ibnu Hadjar.{{sfn|Iqbal|2018|p=62-63}}<ref>{{Cite book |last=van Dijk |first=Cornelis Pieter |url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/1162615608 |title=Rebellion under the banner of Islam the Darul Islam in Indonesia |publisher=Brill Martinus Nijhoff |year=1981 |isbn=978-90-04-28725-9 |location=Leiden, The Hague |pages=242 |oclc=1162615608 |author-link=Kees van Dijk}}</ref> He served as a guerilla commandant in Kandangan, South Kalimantan. In early 1950, Ibnu Hadjar joined United Indonesian State Army and was deployed to Pontianak for a short time.<ref name="Hadjar">{{Cite web |last=Matanasi |first=Petrik |date=22 November 2022 |title=Ibnu Hadjar, Pejuang yang Kecewa |url=https://historia.id/militer/articles/ibnu-hadjar-pejuang-yang-kecewa-vxgyn |access-date=2022-11-24 |website=Historia |language=Id}}</ref>
== Leading the rebellion == In the aftermath of the revolution, the government conducted reorganization of the army which resulted in many militias excluded from the army. There was a tension especially between those of former Royal Netherlands East Indies Army whom are more favoured in the army recruitment and those who are not.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Matanasi |first=Petrik |date=1 June 2017 |editor-last=Sri Handayani |editor-first=Maulida |title=Kekecewaan Ibnu Hadjar, Sang Pemberontak |url=https://tirto.id/kekecewaan-ibnu-hadjar-sang-pemberontak-cpMj |access-date=2022-11-29 |website=tirto.id |language=id}}</ref> Hadjar was illiterate and as the result he was not accepted to the army and later founded ''Kesatuan Rakjat jang Tertindas'' (KRjT, Union of the Oppressed People) to start insurgencies supported by his fellow militias that were also not accepted to the army.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Maarif |first=Syamsul Dwi |date=2 September 2021 |editor-last=Raditya |editor-first=Iswara |title=Sejarah Pemberontakan DI-TII Ibnu Hadjar: Alasan, Tujuan, & Akhir |url=https://tirto.id/sejarah-pemberontakan-di-tii-ibnu-hadjar-alasan-tujuan-akhir-giE5 |access-date=2022-11-29 |website=tirto.id |language=id}}</ref>
In October 1950, the government informed that they would accept the insurgents who wanted to surrender. Hadjar visited Kandangan and told them that he had surrendered. The government asked Hadjar to persuade his colleagues to surrender. However, he did not do it and instead led an insurrection against the government.{{sfn|Iqbal|2018|p=62-63}} In early 1951, the chairman of Hulu Sungai Regional People's Representative, {{Ill|Zafry Zamzam|id|Zafry Zamzam}}, persuaded Ibnu Hadjar to surrender. During the early four years (1950–1954), Ibnu Hadjar and his forces attacked Kandangan four times, and the government managed to repulse them. Likewise, he also planned two attacks in Banjarmasin, which were in August 1953 and 1954 new year and the government thwarted the plans.{{sfn|Iqbal|2018|p=82-83}} At the end of 1954, Ibnu Hadjar announced that KjRT joined Darul Islam after Kartosoewirjo offered him a ministerial position in Islamic State of Indonesia. Kartosoewirjo appointed Ibnu Hadjar as the Darul Islam Territorial Commandant of Kalimantan. After KjRT joined Darul Islam, Ibnu Hadjar made several changes. He proclaimed himself as ''Ulul-Amri'' and named his forces into ''Angkatan Perang Tentara Islam'' (Islamic Army War Forces/APTI). Likewise, he renamed his headquarter to ''Istana Islam Merdeka'' (Free Islamic Palace).{{sfn|Iqbal|2018|p=88}}<ref name=":1" />
== Later years == In 1963, DI/TII South Kalimantan's strength weakened because of intensive military operations. Looking at this situation, the police chief of South Kalimantan, Tengku Abdul Aziz, persuaded Hadjar and the rest of his forces to surrender with the promise of amnesty from the Jakarta government. Realizing that his forces were at the corner, he accepted the government's demand for surrender in July 1963. Subsequently, he and his small forces went to Ambutun and laid over the weapons to the government.{{sfn|Iqbal|2018|p=94-96}} On the next day, Hadjar attended the mass meeting in support of Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation in Banjarmasin and he said to the press that not only did he support it, but he was also willing to participate in the confrontation with his 14.000 soldiers.<ref>{{Cite book |last=van Dijk |first=Cornelis Pieter |url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/1162615608 |title=Rebellion under the banner of Islam the Darul Islam in Indonesia |publisher=Brill Martinus Nijhoff |year=1981 |isbn=978-90-04-28725-9 |location=Leiden, The Hague |pages=268 |oclc=1162615608 |author-link=Kees van Dijk}}</ref>
In September 1963, the police arrested Ibnu Hadjar. Afterwards, he was brought to Banjarmasin and later to Jakarta. In Jakarta, he was put on trial by the military court, and received a death sentence on 11 March 1965.{{sfn|Iqbal|2018|p=94-96}} He was executed on 22 March.<ref>{{cite news |last=Adryamarthanino |first=Verelladevanka |date=28 July 2022 |title=Pemberontakan Ibnu Hadjar (1950) |publisher=Kompas |editor-last=Nailufar |editor-first=Nibras Nada |url=https://www.kompas.com/stori/read/2022/07/28/110000079/pemberontakan-ibnu-hadjar-1950-?page=all |access-date=3 December 2022}}</ref>
== Personal life == Hadjar had two wives.{{sfn|Iqbal|2018|p=62-63}} He was illiterate.<ref name=Hadjar/>
== References == {{reflist}}
== Bibliography == *{{Cite journal |last=Iqbal |first=Muhammad |date=2018-09-27 |title=Pemberontakan Kesatuan Rakjat Jang Tertindas (Krjt) Di Kalimantan Selatan (1950-1963): Sebuah Kajian Awal |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.18592/khazanah.v16i1.2153 |journal=Khazanah: Jurnal Studi Islam dan Humaniora |language=id |volume=16 |issue=1|doi=10.18592/khazanah.v16i1.2153 |issn=2460-7606|doi-access=free}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hadjar, Ibnu}} Category:1920 births Category:1965 deaths Category:Indonesian independence activists Category:Indonesian Islamists Category:Indonesian Muslims Category:Indonesian rebels Category:People executed by Indonesia by firing squad