{{short description|Intergovernmental organization}} {{use list-defined references|date=December 2022}} {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}} {{Infobox Geopolitical organization | conventional_long_name = International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea | native_name = {{native name|fr|Tribunal international du droit de la mer|fontsize=68%}} | linking_name = the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea | symbol_type = Official logo | image_symbol = ITLOS logo.svg | symbol_width = 150px | map_width = 240px | map_caption = <div style="white-space:nowrap;"> {{unbulleted list | Dark blue: States with judges in the ITLOS | Dark green: States formerly with judges in the ITLOS | Light green: Other UNCLOS parties }} </div> | org_type = | membership_type = Judges from | membership = 21 nations | admin_center_type = Location | admin_center = {{nowrap|{{flagicon|Germany}} Hamburg, Germany}} | languages_type = Working languages | languages = {{unbulleted list |English|French}} | leader_title1 = President | leader_name1 = {{flagicon|Iceland}} Judge Tomas Heidar | leader_title2 = Vice President | leader_name2 = {{flagicon|India}} Judge Neeru Chadha | established_event1 = {{nowrap|UNCLOS adopted}} | established_date1 = 10 December 1982 | established_event2 = UNCLOS in force | established_date2 = 16 November 1994 | official_website = https://www.itlos.org/ }} [[File:Hamburg.IntSeegerichtshof.Elbseite.wmt.jpg|alt=A large building with trees in front|thumb|ITLOS seen from Elbchaussee, close to the River Elbe]]
The '''International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea''' ('''ITLOS''') is an intergovernmental organization created by the mandate of the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea. It was established by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, signed at Montego Bay, Jamaica, on December 10, 1982. The Convention entered into force on November 16, 1994, and established an international framework for law over all ocean space, its uses and resources. The ITLOS is one of four dispute resolution mechanisms listed in Article 287 of the UNCLOS.<ref name="best"/> Although the Tribunal was established by a United Nations convention, it is not, as such, a United Nations agency. Even so, it maintains close links with the United Nations and in 1997 the Tribunal concluded an Agreement on Cooperation and Relationship between the United Nations and the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea, which establishes a mechanism for cooperation between the two institutions.<ref>{{Cite web |title=International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea: Relationship with the United Nations |url=https://www.itlos.org/en/main/the-tribunal/relationship-with-the-united-nations/ |access-date=2023-05-25 |website=ITLOS}}</ref>
The Tribunal is based in Hamburg, Germany. The Convention also established the International Seabed Authority, with responsibility for the regulation of seabed mining beyond the limits of national jurisdiction, that is beyond the limits of the territorial sea, the contiguous zone and the continental shelf. As of July 2024, there are currently 157 signatories, 169 participant states plus the European Union.<ref>{{Cite web |title=United Nations Treaty Collection |url=https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetailsIII.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXI-6&chapter=21&Temp=mtdsg3&clang=_en#1 |access-date=2024-07-29 |website=treaties.un.org |language=EN}}</ref> {{As of|December 2022}}, holdouts included the United States<ref name="hf" /> and Iran.<ref name="tw"/>
==Composition== According to its founding statute, the Tribunal has a set of 21 judges who serve from a variety of states parties, "according to a method that intends to assure an equitable geographical representation".<ref name="gr" />
At the request of Chile and the European Union, the Tribunal set up a special chamber composed of five judges to deal with the ''Case concerning the Conservation and Sustainable Exploitation of Swordfish Stocks in the South-Eastern Pacific Ocean (Chile/European Community)''.{{fact|date=December 2022}}
By agreement of the parties Ghana and Ivory Coast, the Tribunal formed a special chamber composed of five judges to deal with the ''Dispute concerning Delimitation of the Maritime Boundary between Ghana and Côte d'Ivoire in the Atlantic Ocean (Ghana/Côte d'Ivoire)''.{{fact|date=December 2022}}
By agreement of the parties Mauritius and Maldives, the Tribunal formed a special chamber of seven permanent judges and two ''ad hoc'' judges to deal with the ''Dispute concerning Delimitation of the Maritime Boundary between Mauritius and Maldives in the Indian Ocean (Mauritius/Maldives)''.<ref name="pr" />
==Seats== Disputes referred to the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea or one of its chambers can be heard in Germany<ref name="itlos" /> or in Singapore.<ref name="singapore" /><ref name="disputes" /> So far, no case has been heard outside Germany.<ref>{{Cite web |title=International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea: Seat |url=https://www.itlos.org/en/main/general-information/seat-of-the-tribunal/ |access-date=2024-07-29 |website=www.itlos.org}}</ref>
==Current judges== {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Judges of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea |- !scope="col"|Country !scope="col"|Name !scope="col"|Inauguration !scope="col"|President !scope="col"|Vice president |- |{{flagicon|Cabo Verde}} Cabo Verde |scope="row"|José Luís Jesus ||1999 ||2008–2011 || |- |{{flagicon|Algeria}} Algeria |scope="row"| Boualem Bouguetaia ||2008 || ||2014–2017 |- |{{flagicon|Malta}} Malta |scope="row"| David Attard ||2011 || ||2017–2020 |- |{{flagicon|Ukraine}} Ukraine |scope="row"| Markiyan Kulyk ||2011 || || |- |{{flagicon|Iceland}} Iceland |scope="row"| Tomas Heiðar ||2014 ||2023–present || |- |{{flagicon|Paraguay}} Paraguay |scope="row"| Óscar Cabello Sarubbi ||2017 || || |- |{{flagicon|India}} India |scope="row"| Neeru Chadha ||2017 || ||2023–present |- |{{flagicon|Thailand}} Thailand |scope="row"| Kriangsak Kittichaisaree ||2017 || || |- |{{flagicon|Russia}} Russia |scope="row"| Roman Kolodkin ||2017 || || |- |{{flagicon|Netherlands}} Netherlands |scope="row"| Liesbeth Lijnzaad ||2017 || || |- |{{flagicon|Chile}} Chile |scope="row"| María Teresa Infante Caffi ||2020 || || |- |{{flagicon|China}} China |scope="row"| Duan Jielong ||2020 || || |- |{{flagicon|Jamaica}} Jamaica |scope="row"| Kathy-Ann Brown ||2020 || || |- |{{flagicon|Italy}} Italy |scope="row"| Ida Caracciolo ||2020 || || |- |{{flagicon|Cameroon}} Cameroon |scope="row"| Maurice Kamga ||2020 || || |- |{{flagicon|Argentina}} Argentina |scope="row"| Frida Maria Armas Pfirter||2023 || || |- |{{flagicon|Japan}} Japan |scope="row"| Hidehisa Horinouchi ||2023 || || |- |{{flagicon|South Africa}} South Africa |scope="row"|Thembile Elphus Joyini ||2023 || || |- |{{flagicon|South Korea}} South Korea |scope="row"| Zha Hyoung Rhee ||2023|| |- |{{flagicon|Sierra Leone}} Sierra Leone |scope="row"| Osman Keh Kamara ||2023 || || |- |{{flagicon|Poland}} Poland |scope="row"| Konrad Jan Marciniak ||2023 || || |}
==Former judges== {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Former judges of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea |- !scope="col"|Country !scope="col"|Name !scope="col"|Inauguration !scope="col"|Until !scope="col"|President !scope="col"|Vice president |- |{{flagicon|Lebanon}} Lebanon |scope="row"| Joseph Akl ||1996 ||2017 || ||2005–2008 |- |{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} United Kingdom |scope="row"| David Heywood Anderson ||1996 ||2005 || || |- |{{flagicon|Trinidad and Tobago}} Trinidad and Tobago |scope="row"| Lennox Fitzroy Ballah ||2002 ||2003 || || |- |{{flagicon|Brazil}} Brazil |scope="row"| Antonio Cachapuz de Medeiros ||2016 ||2016 || || |- |{{flagicon|Argentina}} Argentina |scope="row"| Hugo Caminos ||1996 ||2011 || || |- |{{flagicon|India}} India |scope="row"| P. Chandrasekhara Rao ||1996 ||2017 ||1999–2002 || |- |{{flagicon|France}} France |scope="row"| Jean-Pierre Cot ||2002 ||2020 || || |- |{{flagicon|Iceland}} Iceland |scope="row"| Guðmundur Eiríksson ||1996 ||2002 || || |- |{{flagicon|Cameroon}} Cameroon |scope="row"| Paul Engo ||1996 ||2008 || || |- |{{flagicon|China}} China |scope="row"| Gao Zhiguo ||2008 ||2020 || || |- |{{flagicon|Mexico}} Mexico |scope="row"| Alonso Gómez-Robledo Verduzco ||2014 ||2023 || || |- |{{flagicon|Russia}} Russia |scope="row"| Vladimir Golitsyn ||2008 ||2017 ||2014–2017 || |- |{{flagicon|South Africa}} South Africa |scope="row"| Albert Hoffmann ||2005 ||2023 ||2020–2023 ||2011–2014 |- |{{flagicon|Grenada}} Tanzania |scope="row"| James Kateka ||2005 ||2023 || || |- |{{flagicon|Argentina}} Argentina |scope="row"| Elsa Kelly ||2011 ||2020 || || |- |{{flagicon|Russia}} Russia |scope="row"| Anatoly Kolodkin ||1996 ||2008 || || |- |{{flagicon|Belize}} Belize |scope="row"| Edward Arthur Laing ||1996 ||2001 || || |- |{{flagicon|Trinidad and Tobago}} Trinidad and Tobago |scope="row"| Anthony Lucky ||2003 ||2020 || || |- |{{flagicon|Brazil}} Brazil |scope="row"| Vicente Marotta Rangel ||1996 ||2015 || || |- |{{flagicon|Tunisia}} Tunisia |scope="row"| Mohamed Mouldi Marsit ||1996 ||2005 || || |- |{{flagicon|Ghana}} Ghana |scope="row"| Thomas Mensah ||1996 ||2005 ||1996–1999 || |- |{{flagicon|Senegal}} Senegal |scope="row"| Tafsir Malick Ndiaye ||1996 ||2020 || || |- |{{flagicon|Grenada}} Grenada |scope="row"| Dolliver Nelson ||1996 ||2014 ||2002–2005 ||1999–2002 |- |{{flagicon|South Korea}} South Korea |scope="row"| Paik Jin-hyun ||2009 ||2023 ||2017–2020 || |- |{{flagicon|South Korea}} South Korea |scope="row"| Choon-ho Park ||1996 ||2008 || || |- |{{flagicon|Poland}} Poland |scope="row"| Stanisław Pawlak ||2005 ||2023 || || |- |{{flagicon|Italy}} Italy |scope="row"| Tullio Treves ||1996 ||2011 || || |- |{{flagicon|Austria}} Austria |scope="row"| Helmut Türk ||2005 ||2014 || ||2008–2011 |- |{{flagicon|Croatia}} Croatia |scope="row"| Budislav Vukas ||1996 ||2005 || ||2002–2005 |- |{{flagicon|Tanzania}} Tanzania |scope="row"| Joseph Warioba ||1996 ||2008 || || |- |{{flagicon|Germany}} Germany |scope="row"| Rüdiger Wolfrum ||1996 ||2017 ||2005–2008 ||1996–1999 |- |{{flagicon|China}} China |scope="row"| Xu Guangjian ||2001 ||2007 || || |- |{{flagicon|Japan}} Japan |scope="row"| Soji Yamamoto ||1996 ||2005 || || |- |{{flagicon|Japan}} Japan |scope="row"| Shunji Yanai ||2005 ||2023 ||2011–2014 || |- |{{flagicon|Bulgaria}} Bulgaria |scope="row"| Alexander Yankov ||1996 ||2011 || || |- |{{flagicon|China}} China |scope="row"| Zhao Lihai ||1996 ||2000 || || |}
==Cases== {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" |+Cases of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea |- !scope="col" | Case Number !scope="col" | Name !scope="col" | Applicant !scope="col" | Respondent !scope="col" | Case began !scope="col" | Case ended !scope="col" | Disposition |- | align="center" | 1 | scope="row" | {{Sort|Saiga Case No. 1|''The M/V "Saiga" Case''}} | align="center" | {{Flag|Saint Vincent and the Grenadines}} | align="center" | {{Flag|Guinea}} | {{Dts|13 November 1997}} | {{Dts|4 December 1997}} | Judgment on prompt release |- | align="center" | 2 | scope="row" | {{Sort|Saiga Case No. 2|''The M/V "Saiga" (No. 2) Case''}} | align="center" | {{Flag|Saint Vincent and the Grenadines}} | align="center" | {{Flag|Guinea}} | {{Dts|13 January 1998}} | {{Dts|1 July 1999}} | Judgment on merits |- | rowspan="2" align="center" |3 & 4 | rowspan="2" scope="row" | ''Southern Bluefin Tuna Cases'' | align="center" | {{Flag|New Zealand}} | rowspan="2" align="center" | {{Flag|Japan}} | rowspan="2" | {{Dts|30 July 1999}} | rowspan="2" | {{Dts|27 August 1999}} | rowspan="2" | Order on provisional measures |- | align="center" | {{Flag|Australia}} |- | align="center" | 5 | scope="row" | {{Sort|Camouco|''The "Camouco" Case''}} | align="center" | {{Flag|Panama}} | align="center" | {{Flag|France}} | {{Dts|17 January 2000}} | {{Dts|7 February 2000}} | Judgment on prompt release |- | align="center" | 6 | scope="row" | {{Sort|Monte Confurco|''The "Monte Confurco" Case''}} | align="center" | {{Flag|Seychelles}} | align="center" | {{Flag|France}} | {{Dts|27 November 2000}} | {{Dts|18 December 2000}} | Judgment on prompt release |- | align="center" | 7 | scope="row" | {{Sort|Conservation and Sustainable Exploitation of Swordfish Stocks in the South-Eastern Pacific Ocean|''Case concerning the Conservation and Sustainable Exploitation of Swordfish Stocks in the South-Eastern Pacific Ocean''}} | colspan="2" align="center" | {{Flag|Chile}} / {{Flag|European Union}}{{Efn|group=upper-alpha|The European Union replaced and succeeded the {{Flag|European Economic Community|name=European Community}} as a party to the case on 1 December 2009.}} | {{Dts|19 December 2000}} | {{Dts|16 December 2009}} | Terminated at request of parties |- | align="center" | 8 | scope="row" | {{Sort|Grand Prince|''The "Grand Prince" Case''}} | align="center" | {{Flag|Belize}} | align="center" | {{Flag|France}} | {{Dts|21 March 2001}} | {{Dts|20 April 2001}} | Judgment on prompt release |- | align="center" | 9 | scope="row" | {{Sort|Chaisiri Reefer 2|''The "Chaisiri Reefer 2" Case''}} | align="center" | {{Flag|Panama}} | align="center" | {{Flag|Yemen}} | {{Dts|3 July 2001}} | {{Dts|13 July 2001}} | Terminated at request of parties |- | align="center" | 10 | scope="row" | {{Sort|Mox Plant|''The MOX Plant Case''}} | align="center" | {{Flag|Ireland}} | align="center" | {{Flag|United Kingdom}} | {{Dts|9 November 2001}} | {{Dts|3 December 2001}} | Order on provisional measures |- | align="center" | 11 | scope="row" | {{Sort|Volga|''The "Volga" Case''}} | align="center" | {{Flag|Russia}} | align="center" | {{Flag|Australia}} | {{Dts|2 December 2002}} | {{Dts|23 December 2002}} | Judgment on prompt release |- | align="center" | 12 | scope="row" | {{Sort|Land Reclamation by Singapore in and Around the Straits of Johor|''Case concerning Land Reclamation by Singapore in and Around the Straits of Johor''}} | align="center" | {{Flag|Malaysia}} | align="center" | {{Flag|Singapore}} | {{Dts|5 September 2003}} | {{Dts|8 October 2003}} | Order on provisional measures |- | align="center" | 13 | scope="row" | {{Sort|Juno Trader|''The "Juno Trader" Case''}} | align="center" | {{Flag|Saint Vincent and the Grenadines}} | align="center" | {{Flag|Guinea-Bissau}} | {{Dts|18 November 2004}} | {{Dts|18 December 2004}} | Judgment on prompt release |- | align="center" | 14 | scope="row" | {{Sort|Hoshinmaru|''The "Hoshinmaru" Case''}} | align="center" | {{Flag|Japan}} | align="center" | {{Flag|Russia}} | {{Dts|6 July 2007}} | {{Dts|6 August 2007}} | Judgment on prompt release |- | align="center" | 15 | scope="row" | {{Sort|Tomimaru|''The "Tomimaru" Case''}} | align="center" | {{Flag|Japan}} | align="center" | {{Flag|Russia}} | {{Dts|6 July 2007}} | {{Dts|6 August 2007}} | Judgment on prompt release |- | align="center" | 16 | scope="row" | {{Sort|Delimitation of the Maritime Boundary between Bangladesh and Myanmar in the Bay of Bengal|''Dispute concerning Delimitation of the Maritime Boundary between Bangladesh and Myanmar in the Bay of Bengal''}} | colspan="2" align="center" | {{Flag|Bangladesh}} / {{Flag|Myanmar}} | {{Dts|14 December 2009}} | {{Dts|14 March 2012}} | Judgment on merits |- | align="center" | 17 | scope="row" | ''Responsibilities and Obligations of States Sponsoring Persons and Entities with Respect to Activities in the Area'' | colspan="2" align="center" | International Seabed Authority | {{Dts|14 May 2010}} | {{Dts|1 February 2011}} | Advisory opinion |- | align="center" | 18 | scope="row" | {{Sort|Louisa|''The M/V "Louisa" Case''}} | align="center" | {{Flag|Saint Vincent and the Grenadines}} | align="center" | {{Flag|Spain}} | {{Dts|24 November 2010}} | {{Dts|28 May 2013}} | Judgment on merits |- | align="center" | 19 | scope="row" | {{Sort|Virginia G|''The M/V "Virginia G" Case''}} | colspan="2" align="center" | {{Flag|Panama}} / {{Flag|Guinea-Bissau}} | {{Dts|4 July 2011}} | {{Dts|14 April 2014}} | Judgment on merits |- | align="center" | 20 | scope="row" | {{Sort|Libertad|''The "ARA Libertad" Case''}} | align="center" | {{Flag|Argentina}} | align="center" | {{Flag|Ghana}} | {{Dts|14 November 2012}} | {{Dts|15 December 2012}} | Order on provisional measures |- | align="center" | 21 | scope="row" | ''Request for an Advisory Opinion submitted by the Sub-Regional Fisheries Commission (SRFC)'' | colspan="2" align="center" | Sub-Regional Fisheries Commission | {{Dts|28 March 2013}} | {{Dts|2 April 2015}} | Advisory opinion |- | align="center" | 22 | scope="row" | {{Sort|Arctic Sunrise|''The "Arctic Sunrise" Case''}} | align="center" | {{Flag|Kingdom of the Netherlands|name=Netherlands}} | align="center" | {{Flag|Russia}} | {{Dts|21 October 2013}} | {{Dts|22 November 2013}} | Order on provisional measures |- | align="center" | 23 | scope="row" | {{Sort|Delimitation of the Maritime Boundary between Ghana and Côte d'Ivoire in the Atlantic Ocean|''Dispute concerning Delimitation of the Maritime Boundary between Ghana and Côte d'Ivoire in the Atlantic Ocean''}} | colspan="2" align="center" | {{Flag|Ghana}} / {{Flag|Ivory Coast}} | {{Dts|3 December 2014}} | {{Dts|23 September 2017}} | Judgment on merits |- | align="center" | 24 | scope="row" | {{Sort|Enrica Lexie|''The "Enrica Lexie" Incident''}} | align="center" | {{Flag|Italy}} | align="center" | {{Flag|India}} | {{Dts|21 July 2015}} | {{Dts|24 August 2015}} | Order on provisional measures |- | align="center" | 25 | scope="row" | {{Sort|Norstar|''The M/V "Norstar" Case''}} | align="center" | {{Flag|Panama}} | align="center" | {{Flag|Italy}} | {{Dts|17 December 2015}} | {{Dts|10 April 2019}} | Judgment on merits |- | align="center" | 26 | scope="row" | {{Sort|Detention of 03 Ukrainian Naval Vessels|''Case concerning the Detention of Three Ukrainian Naval Vessels''}} | align="center" | {{Flag|Ukraine}} | align="center" | {{Flag|Russia}} | {{Dts|16 April 2019}} | {{Dts|25 May 2019}} | Order on provisional measures |- | align="center" | 27 | scope="row" | {{Sort|San Padre Pio|''The M/T "San Padre Pio" Case''}} | align="center" | {{Flag|Switzerland}} | align="center" | {{Flag|Nigeria}} | {{Dts|21 May 2019}} | {{Dts|6 July 2019}} | Order on provisional measures |- | align="center" | 28 | scope="row" | {{Sort|Delimitation of the Maritime Boundary between Mauritius and Maldives in the Indian Ocean|''Dispute concerning Delimitation of the Maritime Boundary between Mauritius and Maldives in the Indian Ocean''}} | colspan="2" align="center" | {{Flag|Mauritius}} / {{Flag|Maldives}} | {{Dts|24 September 2019}} | {{Dts|28 April 2023}} | |- | align="center" | 29 | scope="row" | {{Sort|San Padre Pio|''The M/T "San Padre Pio" (No. 2) Case''}} | colspan="2" align="center" | {{Flag|Switzerland}} / {{Flag|Nigeria}} | {{Dts|17 December 2019}} | {{Dts|29 December 2021}} | Terminated at request of parties |- | align="center" | 30 | scope="row" | {{Sort|Heroic Idun|''The M/T "Heroic Idun"'' Case}} | align="center" | {{Flag|Marshall Islands}} | align="center" | {{Flag|Equatorial Guinea}} | {{Dts|10 November 2022}} | {{Dts|15 November 2022}} | Terminated at request of applicant |- | align="center" | 31 | scope="row" | ''Request for an Advisory Opinion submitted by the Commission of Small Island States on Climate Change and International Law'' | colspan="2" align="center" | Commission of Small Island States on Climate Change and International Law | {{Dts|12 December 2022}} | 21 May 2024 | Advisory Opinion |- | align="center" | 32 |''The M/T "Heroic Idun" (No. 2) Case'' | colspan="2" align="center" |{{Flag|Marshall Islands}} / {{Flag|Equatorial Guinea}} |27 April 2023 |''Ongoing'' | |- | align="center" | 33 |''The “Zheng He” Case'' | align="center" |{{Flag|Luxembourg}} | align="center" |{{Flag|Mexico}} |3 June 2024 |16 March 2026 |Terminated at request of parties |} {{Notelist|group=upper-alpha|close}}
==References== <references> <ref name="best">{{cite journal |author1=SM Mitchell |author2=EJ Powell |title=Forum Shopping for the Best Adjudicator: Conflict Management and the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (Itlos) |url=http://www.saramitchell.org/pmunclos.pdf |journal=APSA 2011 Annual Meeting Paper |publisher=American Political Science Association}}</ref> <ref name="disputes">{{Cite web|last=Auto|first=Hermes|date=2020-06-11|title=Law of the sea disputes can now be heard in Singapore under signed agreement {{!}} The Straits Times|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/law-of-the-sea-disputes-can-now-be-heard-in-singapore-under-signed-agreement|access-date=2022-02-02|website=straitstimes.com|language=en}}</ref> <ref name="gr">{{cite journal |doi=10.1093/yiel/yvx077|title=3. International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS)|year=2016|last1=García-Revillo|first1=Miguel G.|journal=Yearbook of International Environmental Law|volume=27|pages=424–426}}</ref> <ref name="hf">{{cite news |last=Groves |first=Steven |title=Accession to U.N. Convention on the Law of the Sea Would Expose the U.S. to Baseless Climate Change Lawsuits |url=https://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2012/03/accession-to-un-convention-on-the-law-of-the-sea |publisher=The Heritage Foundation |date=12 March 2012 |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314044246/https://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2012/03/accession-to-un-convention-on-the-law-of-the-sea |archive-date=14 March 2012}}</ref> <ref name="itlos">{{Cite web|title=International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea: Seat|url=https://www.itlos.org/en/main/general-information/seat-of-the-tribunal/|access-date=2022-02-02|website=ITLOS}}</ref> <ref name="pr">{{cite web |url=https://www.itlos.org/fileadmin/itlos/documents/press_releases_english/PR_293_en.pdf |title=Press release |date=27 September 2019 |website=ITLOS |format=PDF|access-date=2020-10-28}}</ref> <ref name="singapore">{{Cite web|last=ITLOS|title=ITLOS AND SINGAPORE SIGN MODEL AGREEMENT TO ENABLE THE TRIBUNAL TO SIT IN SINGAPORE|url=https://www.itlos.org/fileadmin/itlos/documents/press_releases_english/PR_303_E.pdf}}</ref> <ref name="tw">{{cite news |title=Iran strikes in Strait of Hormuz as Middle East tanker tensions explode |url=https://www.tradewindsnews.com/tankers/iran-strikes-in-strait-of-hormuz-as-middle-east-tanker-tensions-explode/2-1-641469 |publisher=Trade Winds |date=22 July 2019}}</ref> </references>
==External links== {{Commons category}} * {{Official}} * [http://www.iflos.org/ International Foundation for the Law of the Sea] * "[http://www.itlos.org/index.php?id=138 Privileges and Immunities]", ITLOS
{{Portalbar|Law|Oceans|Politics}} {{coord|53|33|04|N|9|51|03|E|region:DE-HH_type:landmark|display=title}}
{{Authority control}}
Category:Law of the sea Category:Intergovernmental organizations established by treaty Category:International courts and tribunals Category:International criminal courts and tribunals Category:United Nations General Assembly observers Category:Organizations established in 1982 Category:Organisations based in Hamburg Category:International organisations based in Germany Category:1982 establishments in Jamaica