{{Short description|Phonetic symbol chart}} {{IPA notice}} This is a chart of the International Phonetic Alphabet, a standardized system of phonetic symbols devised and maintained by the International Phonetic Association. It is not a complete list of all possible speech sounds in the world's languages, only those about which stand-alone articles exist in this encyclopedia.
==Official chart== thumb|none|The official IPA chart, revised to 2020|732x732px|class=skin-invert-image
==Vowels== {{see also|IPA vowel chart with audio}} {{IPA vowels|caption=}}
==Consonants== {{see also|IPA consonant chart with audio}} ===Pulmonic consonants=== {{IPA pulmonic consonants|caption=}}
===Non-pulmonic consonants=== {{IPA non-pulmonic consonants|caption=}}
===Co-articulated consonants=== {{IPA co-articulated consonants|caption=}}
===Other consonants=== * Voiceless bilabially post-trilled dental stop {{IPA|[t̪ʙ̥]}} * Voiceless dentolabial fricative [f͆] * Voiceless bidental fricative {{IPA|[h̪͆]}} *Voiceless upper-pharyngeal plosive {{IPA|[ꞯ]}} * Voiced upper-pharyngeal plosive {{IPA|[𝼂]}} * Sublaminal lower-alveolar percussive {{IPA|[¡]}}
==Tones== {{div flex row}} {| class="wikitable" style="margin-right:1.5em" |+ Tone registers ! style="font-weight: normal; font-size: x-large;" | {{IPA|◌̋}} ! style="font-weight: normal; font-size: x-large;" | {{IPA|˥}} ! style="font-weight: normal; font-size: x-large;" | {{IPA|꜒}} | Extra-high (top) |- ! style="font-weight: normal; font-size: x-large;" | {{IPA|◌́}} ! style="font-weight: normal; font-size: x-large;" | {{IPA|˦}} ! style="font-weight: normal; font-size: x-large;" | {{IPA|꜓}} | High |- ! style="font-weight: normal; font-size: x-large;" | {{IPA|◌̄}} ! style="font-weight: normal; font-size: x-large;" | {{IPA|˧}} ! style="font-weight: normal; font-size: x-large;" | {{IPA|꜔}} | Mid |- ! style="font-weight: normal; font-size: x-large;" | {{IPA|◌̀}} ! style="font-weight: normal; font-size: x-large;" | {{IPA|˨}} ! style="font-weight: normal; font-size: x-large;" | {{IPA|꜕}} | Low |- ! style="font-weight: normal; font-size: x-large;" | {{IPA|◌̏}} ! style="font-weight: normal; font-size: x-large;" | {{IPA|˩}} ! style="font-weight: normal; font-size: x-large;" | {{IPA|꜖}} | Extra-low (bottom) |- ! colspan="3" style="font-weight: normal; font-size: x-large;" | {{IPA|ꜜ◌}} | Downstep |- ! colspan="3" style="font-weight: normal; font-size: x-large;" | {{IPA|ꜛ◌}} | Upstep |}
{| class="wikitable" |+Tone contours ! style="font-weight: normal; font-size: x-large;" | {{IPA|◌̌}} ! style="font-weight: normal; font-size: x-large;" | {{IPA|˩˥}} ! style="font-weight: normal; font-size: x-large;" | {{IPA|꜖꜒}} | Rising (low to high) |- ! style="font-weight: normal; font-size: x-large;" | {{IPA|◌̂}} ! style="font-weight: normal; font-size: x-large;" | {{IPA|˥˩}} ! style="font-weight: normal; font-size: x-large;" | {{IPA|꜒꜖}} | Falling (high to low) |- ! style="font-weight: normal; font-size: x-large;" | {{IPA|◌᷄}} ! style="font-weight: normal; font-size: x-large;" | {{IPA|˧˥}} ! style="font-weight: normal; font-size: x-large;" | {{IPA|꜔꜒}} | High rising |- ! style="font-weight: normal; font-size: x-large;" | ! style="font-weight: normal; font-size: x-large;" | {{IPA|˨˦}} ! style="font-weight: normal; font-size: x-large;" | {{IPA|꜕꜓}} | Mid rising |- ! style="font-weight: normal; font-size: x-large;" | {{IPA|◌᷅}} ! style="font-weight: normal; font-size: x-large;" | {{IPA|˩˧}} ! style="font-weight: normal; font-size: x-large;" | {{IPA|꜖꜔}} | Low rising |- ! style="font-weight: normal; font-size: x-large;" | {{IPA|◌᷇}} ! style="font-weight: normal; font-size: x-large;" | {{IPA|˥˧}} ! style="font-weight: normal; font-size: x-large;" | {{IPA|꜒꜔}} | High falling |- ! style="font-weight: normal; font-size: x-large;" | ! style="font-weight: normal; font-size: x-large;" | {{IPA|˦˨}} ! style="font-weight: normal; font-size: x-large;" | {{IPA|꜓꜕}} | Mid falling |- ! style="font-weight: normal; font-size: x-large;" | {{IPA|◌᷆}} ! style="font-weight: normal; font-size: x-large;" | {{IPA|˧˩}} ! style="font-weight: normal; font-size: x-large;" | {{IPA|꜔꜖}} | Low falling |- ! style="font-weight: normal; font-size: x-large;" | {{IPA|◌᷈}} ! style="font-weight: normal; font-size: x-large;" | {{IPA|˧˥˨, ˨˦˨, ˩˧˩}} ! style="font-weight: normal; font-size: x-large;" | {{IPA|꜔꜒꜕, ꜕꜓꜕, ꜖꜔꜖}} | Rising–falling (Peaking) |- ! style="font-weight: normal; font-size: x-large;" | {{IPA|◌᷉}} ! style="font-weight: normal; font-size: x-large;" | {{IPA|˥˧˥, ˦˨˦, ˧˩˧}} ! style="font-weight: normal; font-size: x-large;" | {{IPA|꜒꜔꜒, ꜓꜕꜓, ꜔꜖꜔}} | Falling–rising (Dipping) |} {{div flex row end}}
==Auxiliary symbols== {| class="wikitable" |+ Diacritics ! colspan="3" style="font-weight: normal; font-size: x-large;" | {{IPA|◌̥}} ! colspan="3" style="font-weight: normal; font-size: x-large;" | {{IPA|◌̊}} | Voiceless ! colspan="6" style="font-weight: normal; font-size: x-large;" | {{IPA|◌̤}} | Breathy voiced ! colspan="3" style="font-weight: normal; font-size: x-large;" | {{IPA|◌̪}} ! colspan="3" style="font-weight: normal; font-size: x-large;" | {{IPA|◌͆}} | Dental |- ! colspan="6" style="font-weight: normal; font-size: x-large;" | {{IPA|◌̬}} | Voiced ! colspan="6" style="font-weight: normal; font-size: x-large;" | {{IPA|◌̰}} | Creaky voiced ! colspan="6" style="font-weight: normal; font-size: x-large;" | {{IPA|◌̺}} | Apical |- ! colspan="6" style="font-weight: normal; font-size: x-large;" | {{IPA|◌ʰ}} | Aspirated ! colspan="6" style="font-weight: normal; font-size: x-large;" | {{IPA|◌̼}} | Linguolabial ! colspan="6" style="font-weight: normal; font-size: x-large;" | {{IPA|◌̻}} | Laminal |- ! colspan="2" style="font-weight: normal; font-size: x-large;" | {{IPA|◌̹}} ! colspan="2" style="font-weight: normal; font-size: x-large;" | {{IPA|◌͗}} ! colspan="2" style="font-weight: normal; font-size: x-large;" | {{IPA|◌˒}} | More rounded ! colspan="6" style="font-weight: normal; font-size: x-large;" | {{IPA|◌ʷ}} | Labialized ! colspan="6" style="font-weight: normal; font-size: x-large;" | {{IPA|◌̃}} | Nasalized |- ! colspan="2" style="font-weight: normal; font-size: x-large;" | {{IPA|◌̜}} ! colspan="2" style="font-weight: normal; font-size: x-large;" | {{IPA|◌͑}} ! colspan="2" style="font-weight: normal; font-size: x-large;" | {{IPA|◌˓}} | Less rounded ! colspan="6" style="font-weight: normal; font-size: x-large;" | {{IPA|◌ʲ}} | Palatalized ! colspan="6" style="font-weight: normal; font-size: x-large;" | {{IPA|◌ⁿ}} | Nasal release |- ! colspan="3" style="font-weight: normal; font-size: x-large;" | {{IPA|◌̟}} ! colspan="3" style="font-weight: normal; font-size: x-large;" | {{IPA|◌˖}} | Advanced ! colspan="6" style="font-weight: normal; font-size: x-large;" | {{IPA|◌ˠ}} | Velarized ! colspan="6" style="font-weight: normal; font-size: x-large;" | {{IPA|◌ˡ}} | Lateral release |- ! colspan="3" style="font-weight: normal; font-size: x-large;" | {{IPA|◌̠}} ! colspan="3" style="font-weight: normal; font-size: x-large;" | {{IPA|◌˗}} | Retracted ! colspan="6" style="font-weight: normal; font-size: x-large;" | {{IPA|◌ˤ}} | Pharyngealized ! colspan="6" style="font-weight: normal; font-size: x-large;" | {{IPA|◌̚}} | No audible release |- ! colspan="6" style="font-weight: normal; font-size: x-large;" | {{IPA|◌̈}} | Centralized ! colspan="6" style="font-weight: normal; font-size: x-large;" | {{IPA|◌̴}} | Velarized or pharyngealized ! colspan="6" style="font-weight: normal; font-size: x-large;" | {{IPA|◌ᵊ}} | Mid central vowel release |- ! colspan="6" style="font-weight: normal; font-size: x-large;" | {{IPA|◌̽}} | Mid-centralized ! colspan="3" style="font-weight: normal; font-size: x-large;" | {{IPA|◌̝}} ! colspan="3" style="font-weight: normal; font-size: x-large;" | {{IPA|◌˔}} | Raised ! colspan="6" style="font-weight: normal; font-size: x-large;" | {{IPA|◌ᶿ}} | Voiceless dental fricative release |- ! colspan="3" style="font-weight: normal; font-size: x-large;" | {{IPA|◌̩}} ! colspan="3" style="font-weight: normal; font-size: x-large;" | {{IPA|◌̍}} | Syllabic ! colspan="3" style="font-weight: normal; font-size: x-large;" | {{IPA|◌̞}} ! colspan="3" style="font-weight: normal; font-size: x-large;" | {{IPA|◌˕}} | Lowered ! colspan="6" style="font-weight: normal; font-size: x-large;" | {{IPA|◌ˣ}} | Voiceless velar fricative release |- ! colspan="3" style="font-weight: normal; font-size: x-large;" | {{IPA|◌̯}} ! colspan="3" style="font-weight: normal; font-size: x-large;" | {{IPA|◌̑}} | Non-syllabic ! colspan="3" style="font-weight: normal; font-size: x-large;" | {{IPA|◌̘}} ! colspan="3" style="font-weight: normal; font-size: x-large;" | {{IPA|◌꭪}} | Advanced tongue root ! colspan="6" style="font-weight: normal; font-size: x-large;" | {{IPA|◌ʼ}} | Ejective |- ! colspan="6" style="font-weight: normal; font-size: x-large;" | {{IPA|◌˞}} | Rhoticity ! colspan="3" style="font-weight: normal; font-size: x-large;" | {{IPA|◌̙}} ! colspan="3" style="font-weight: normal; font-size: x-large;" | {{IPA|◌꭫}} | Retracted tongue root ! colspan="6" style="font-weight: normal; font-size: x-large;" | {{IPA|◌͡◌<br />◌͜◌}} | Affricate or double articulation |}
{{div flex row}} {| class="wikitable" style="margin-right:1.5em" |+ Suprasegmentals ! style="font-weight: normal; font-size: x-large;" | {{IPA|ˈ}} | Primary stress |- ! style="font-weight: normal; font-size: x-large;" | {{IPA|ˌ}} | Secondary stress |- ! style="font-weight: normal; font-size: x-large;" | {{IPA|ː}} | Long |- ! style="font-weight: normal; font-size: x-large;" | {{IPA|ˑ}} | Half-long |- ! style="font-weight: normal; font-size: x-large;" | {{IPA|◌̆}} | Extra-short |- ! style="font-weight: normal; font-size: x-large;" | {{IPA|{{pipe}}}} | Minor (foot) group |- ! style="font-weight: normal; font-size: x-large;" | {{IPA|‖}} | Major (intonation) group |- ! style="font-weight: normal; font-size: x-large;" | {{IPA|.}} | Syllable break |- ! style="font-weight: normal; font-size: x-large;" | {{IPA|‿}} | Linking (absence of a break) |- ! style="font-weight: normal; font-size: x-large;" | {{IPA|↗︎}} | Global rise |- ! style="font-weight: normal; font-size: x-large;" | {{IPA|↘︎}} | Global fall |}
{| class="wikitable" |+ Transcription ! style="font-weight: normal; font-size: x-large;" | {{IPA|[ ]}} | Phonetic transcription |- ! style="font-weight: normal; font-size: x-large;" | {{IPA|/ /}} | Phonemic transcription |- ! style="font-weight: normal; font-size: x-large;" | {{IPA|{ }}} | Prosodic notation |- ! style="font-weight: normal; font-size: x-large;" | {{IPA|( )}} | Indistinguishable utterance |- ! style="font-weight: normal; font-size: x-large;" | {{IPA|⸨ ⸩}} | Sound obscured |} {{div flex row end}}
==See also== * IPA vowel chart with audio * IPA consonant chart with audio * International Phonetic Alphabet chart for English dialects * Extensions to the International Phonetic Alphabet * Obsolete and nonstandard symbols in the International Phonetic Alphabet
==External links== * [https://www.internationalphoneticassociation.org/content/ipa-chart The International Phonetic Alphabet and the IPA Chart] * [https://www.internationalphoneticassociation.org/IPAcharts/inter_chart_2018/IPA_2018.html Interactive IPA chart]
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