INDEP

{{Short description|Portuguese defence company}} '''INDEP - Indústrias Nacionais de Defesa, EP''' (Defense National Industries, Public Corporation) was a defense industry company owned by the Portuguese Government and created to replace the ''Fábrica Nacional de Munições de Armas Ligeiras'' (National Light Armament Ammunition Factory, FNMAL) and the ''Fábrica Militar do Braço de Prata'' (FMBP)<ref name="apcm" /> under the control of the National Defense Ministry.<ref name="dl51580" /><ref name="dl3581" /> However, these two companies never completely closed. They merged and continued to exist under the management of INDEP with the new names ''Fábrica Nacional de Munições'' (FNM) and ''Fábrica de Braço de Prata'' (FBP), respectively. The National Defense Ministry also never took complete control of INDEP and required authorization of the Finance Ministry.<ref name="globalsecurity" /><ref name="industriasmilitares" />

On its creation, many of the products FNM and FBP made were branded and marketed under INDEP.

In December 1996, a new reorganization of the Portuguese government-owned defense industries started and a new holding company, EMPORDEF, was created in March 1997.<ref name="dl28796" /> The reduction of the national military manufacturing industry lead to the closing of all factories. INDEP was deactivated in December 2003 and closed for good in 2007.<ref name="industriasmilitares" />

== Companies == * ''Fábrica Nacional de Munições'' ** ''Fábrica de Pólvora e Explosivos de Barcarena'' * ''Fábrica do Braço de Prata'' * SPEL, private company owned by both FNM and FBP and managed by INDEP

== See also == * OGMA * EMPORDEF

== References ==

=== Notes === <references>

<ref name="dl51580">''Decreto-Lei nº 515/80''. October 31, 1980</ref> <ref name="dl3581">[http://www.dre.pt/cgi/dr1s.exe?t=dr&cap=1-1200&doc=19810738%20&v02=&v01=2&v03=1900-01-01&v04=3000-12-21&v05=&v06=&v07=&v08=&v09=&v10=&v11=%27Decreto-Lei%27&v12=&v13=&v14=&v15=&sort=0&submit=Pesquisar ''Decreto-Lei nº 35/81'']{{Dead link|date=April 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{in lang|pt}}. March 6, 1981</ref> <ref name="apcm">{{cite web|url=https://apcm.home.sapo.pt/artigo3a.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071218065947/http://apcm.home.sapo.pt/artigo3a.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 December 2007|title=''Munições em Portugal''|date=18 February 2007|access-date=3 March 2013|language=pt}}</ref> <ref name="industriasmilitares">Pinto 2010</ref> <ref name="globalsecurity">{{cite web|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/europe/pt-industry.htm|title=Portugal Defense Industry|access-date=March 3, 2013}}</ref> <ref name="dl28796">[http://www.dre.pt/cgi/dr1s.exe?t=dr&cap=1-1200&doc=19963439%20&v02=&v01=2&v03=1900-01-01&v04=3000-12-21&v05=&v06=&v07=&v08=&v09=&v10=&v11=%27Decreto-Lei%27&v12=&v13=&v14=&v15=&sort=0&submit=Pesquisar Decreto-Lei nº 287/96]{{Dead link|date=April 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{in lang|pt}}. December 12, 1996</ref>

</references>

=== Bibliography === * {{cite journal |last1=Machado |first1=Miguel Silva |date=May–June 2008 |title=O CAMPO DE TIRO DE ALCOCHETE |trans-title=The Firing Field of Alcochete |journal=Mais Alto |issue=373 |pages=5–10 |publisher=Portuguese Air Force |language=pt |access-date=March 3, 2013 |url=http://www.emfa.pt/www/po/maisalto/conteudos/373_destaque.pdf |archive-date=January 18, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240118231432/http://www.emfa.pt/www/po/maisalto/conteudos/373_destaque.pdf |url-status=dead }} * {{cite journal|last=Pinto |first=Renato Fernando Marques |year=2010 |title=As Indústrias Militares e As Armas de Fogo Portáteis no Exército Português |journal=Revista Militar |url=http://www.revistamilitar.pt/modules/articles/article.php?id=528 |access-date=March 3, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120327041640/http://www.revistamilitar.pt/modules/articles/article.php?id=528 |archive-date=March 27, 2012 }} * {{cite book| last=Tavares| first=João Moreira| title=Indústria Militar Portuguesa|trans-title=Portuguese Military Industry| year=2006| publisher=Caleidoscópio | location=Lisbon| language=pt| isbn=9789728801793}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Indep}} Category:Weapons manufacturing companies Category:Government-owned companies of Portugal Category:Former defence companies of Portugal