International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association

{{short description|International umbrella organization for LGBTI organizations}} {{AI-generated|partial=y|date=January 2026|reason=Edits made in mid-2023 [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=International_Lesbian%2C_Gay%2C_Bisexual%2C_Trans_and_Intersex_Association&diff=1157854090&oldid=1147927045 here]; note WP:AISIGNS in superficial analyses, vocab distribution typical of 2023 LLMs, etc}} {{Redirect|ILGA|the Illinois state legislature|Illinois General Assembly}} {{Infobox organization | name = International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association | image_border = | logo = International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association.gif | logo_size = 140px | formation = {{Start date and age|1978|08|df=y}} | type = NGO | status = UN Ecosoc Consultative Status | purpose = LGBTI (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex) rights | headquarters = Geneva, Switzerland<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ilga.org/about-us/ |title=About ILGA – The only worldwide federation campaigning for lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans and intersex rights. Since 1978 |publisher=ILGA |access-date=2014-01-15 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140117232941/http://ilga.org/ilga/en/article/about_ilga |archive-date=2014-01-17 }}</ref> | location = | region_served = 170 countries and territories | membership = 2,000 organisations in 170 countries and territories | language = English and Spanish | leader_title = Co-Secretaries General | leader_name = Kimberly Frost and Yuri Guaiana | leader_title2 = Executive Director | leader_name2 = Julia Ehrt | main_organ = | affiliations = | num_staff = | num_volunteers = | budget = | website = {{URL|https://ilga.org/|ilga.org}} | remarks = }}

The '''International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association''' ('''ILGA'''<ref>{{cite web |title=The International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association (ILGA) |url=https://ilga.org/ |website=ilga.org |publisher=ILGA |access-date=2 August 2022}}</ref>) is an LGBTQ+ rights organization.

It participates in a multitude of agendas within the United Nations, such as creating visibility for LGBTQ+ issues by conducting advocacy and outreach at the Human Rights Council, working with members to help their government improve LGBTI rights, ensuring LGBTI members are not forgotten in international law, and advocating for LBTI women's issues at the Commission on the Status of Women.

==History== {{see also|ILGA consultative status controversy}} The International Lesbian and Gay Association was founded in 1978 by activists from the United Kingdom, Ireland, Australia, the United States, and elsewhere. Finding it difficult to repeal the criminalization of homosexuality based on the common law tradition, the activists adopted a human rights based framing and focused on international courts, especially the European Court of Human Rights as it was easier to access. ILGA was involved in the ''Dudgeon v. United Kingdom'' (1981) and ''Norris v. Ireland'' (1988) cases that led to the repeal of laws criminalizing homosexuality in Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. At the same time, it worked on cases related to unequal ages of consent, military service, transgender rights, asylum and housing rights, but these did not lead to a successful outcome.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Davidson-Schmich |first1=Louise K. |title=LGBT Politics in Germany: Unification as a Catalyst for Change |journal=German Politics |date=2017 |volume=26 |issue=4 |pages=534–555 |doi=10.1080/09644008.2017.1370705|s2cid=158602084 }}</ref>

The Coventry conference also called upon Amnesty International (AI) to take up the issue of persecution of lesbians and gays. After a 13-year campaign AI made the human rights of lesbians and gays part of its mandate in 1991 and, following the Brazilian Resolution,<ref name= UNBRA>{{cite web | url= https://www.un.org/Docs/journal/asp/ws.asp?m=E/CN.4/2003/L.92 | title= UN language versions Brazilian resolution | access-date= 2023-02-06 | archive-date= 2016-03-04 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160304065800/http://www.un.org/Docs/journal/asp/ws.asp?m=E/CN.4/2003/L.92 | url-status= dead }}</ref><ref name="BRAZIL">{{cite web | url= http://www.ilga.org/news_results.asp?LanguageID=1&FileCategory=44&FileID=406 | publisher= ILGA | title= UN Brazilian resolution | url-status= dead | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20091030051521/http://www.ilga.org/news_results.asp?LanguageID=1&FileCategory=44&FileID=406 | archive-date= 2009-10-30 }}</ref> now advocates for LGBT rights on the international level.<ref>[http://www.brazilianresolution.com/4706/5137.html www.brazilianresolution.com] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120216185112/http://www.brazilianresolution.com/4706/5137.html|date=February 16, 2012}}</ref>

ILGA obtained consultative status at the United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) in mid-1993. Statements were made in the name of ILGA in the 1993 and 1994 sessions of the United Nations Sub-Commission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities and in the 1994 session of the United Nations Commission on Human Rights. ILGA's NGO status was suspended in September 1994 due to the group's ties with pro-pedophilia organizations such as the North American Man/Boy Love Association.<ref name="nyt94">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/09/18/world/un-suspends-group-in-dispute-over-pedophilia.html|title=U.N. Suspends Group in Dispute Over Pedophilia|date=18 September 1994|work=New York Times}}</ref> According to then ILGA Secretary-General Hans Hjerpekjon, NAMBLA had officially affiliated with ILGA early in the group's history when it was loosely structured and lacked any formal admission criteria, and had not withdrawn despite ILGA adopting a resolution condemning pedophilia.<ref>{{cite news |last=Mills |first=Kim I. |date=13 February 1994 |title=Gay Groups Try to Put Distance Between Themselves and Pedophile Group |work=Associated Press |url=https://apnews.com/article/c64e816cac5b0fa1194dd40f576813b2 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027000651/https://apnews.com/article/c64e816cac5b0fa1194dd40f576813b2 |archive-date=2020-10-27}}</ref> In June 1994, these groups were expelled from the organization.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1994-09-18 |title=U.N. Suspends Group in Dispute Over Pedophilia |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/09/18/world/un-suspends-group-in-dispute-over-pedophilia.html |access-date=2023-02-27 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Later applications for ECOSOC consulatative status were declined in 2002 and 2006, with ILGA alleging external influence from Egypt and the Organization of Islamic Cooperation in the latter instance.<ref>[http://www.mask.org.za/sections/AfricaPerCountry/africaabr/inter1_news.html] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041120150021/http://www.mask.org.za/sections/AfricaPerCountry/africaabr/inter1_news.html|date=November 20, 2004}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ilga.org/news_results.asp?LanguageID=1&FileCategory=1&ZoneID=6&FileID=741 |title=ECOSOC unfairly dismisses ILGA and LBL |publisher=ILGA |access-date=2011-07-27 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091030050354/http://www.ilga.org/news_results.asp?LanguageID=1&FileID=741&FileCategory=1&ZoneID=6 |archive-date=2009-10-30 }}</ref> In June 2011, the ECOSOC finally granted consultative status to ILGA after a 29 to 14 vote, despite strong opposition from African and Islamic countries.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ILGA Granted UN Consultative Status |url=https://freedomhouse.org/article/ilga-granted-un-consultative-status#.U2TDpN_LdPY |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140503102324/https://freedomhouse.org/article/ilga-granted-un-consultative-status#.U2TDpN_LdPY |archive-date=2014-05-03 |website=Freedom House}}</ref> Consultative status gives the ILGA the ability to attend and speak at UN meetings and participate in Human Rights Council proceedings.{{citation needed|date=May 2022}}

ILGA, formerly known as International Lesbian and Gay Association, adopted its current full title, the "International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association", in 2008. In 2019, following its World Conference in Wellington, New Zealand, the organisation's membership approved to [https://ilga.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/ILGA_World_Conference_Report_2019_low.pdf#page=26 further update the name into "ILGA World"]. ILGA has grown to include over 2,600 organizations from over 170 countries and territories to fight for equal rights for lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans and intersex people. ILGA was involved in getting the World Health Organization to drop homosexuality from its list of illnesses.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ilga.org/sexual-orientation-in-international-law|title=Sexual Orientation in International Law|website=ILGA.org|access-date=2 May 2019}}</ref>{{primary source inline|date=May 2022}}

On 29 October 2024, the ILGA cancelled a bid from Israeli member organization Aguda, due to be voted on at the 2024 World Conference in Cape Town, to hold an upcoming Conference in 2026 or 2027 in Tel Aviv, following protests from South African delegates and member organizations over human rights and apartheid concerns. Aguda's membership in ILGA was suspended and placed under review.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 October 2024 |title=Global LGBTQ rights group suspends Israeli org |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/global-lgbtq-rights-group-suspends-israeli-org-apologizes-for-even-considering-offer-to-host-confab-in-tel-aviv/ |website=Times of Israel}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Paletta |first=Daniele |date=2024-10-29 |title=ILGA World position on the Tel Aviv bid for the 2026/2027 World Conference |url=https://ilga.org/news/ilga-world-tel-aviv-conference-bid-removed/ |website=ILGA World}}</ref> Prior to the announcement, an emergency motion requesting the dismissal of the bid had been signed by over 70 member organizations worldwide.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Riedel |first=Samantha |date=2024-10-30 |title=Global LGBTQ+ Rights Organization Cancels Israel-Based Org's Bid to Host Annual Conference |url=https://www.them.us/story/ilga-annual-conference-israel-aguda-tel-aviv |website=Them}}</ref> ILGA had previously made a statement on 22 October regarding concern over Aguda's bid in which it stated that it did not formally endorse any host proposals until they were voted on by membership, and reaffirming its opposition to the Gaza war and to human rights violations.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Paletta |first=Danielle |date=2024-10-22 |title= ILGA World statement on the candidate host cities for our 2026/2027 World Conference |url=https://ilga.org/news/ilga-world-statement-on-the-candidate-host-cities-for-our-2026-2027-world-conference/ |website=ILGA World}}</ref> Aguda, expressing disappointment over the decision, stated its intention to appeal the suspension, while its chairwoman also stated that it had "zero intentions of groveling or begging".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sudilovsky |first=Judith |date=2024-11-01 |title=Israeli LGBTQ organization won't 'grovel or beg' after suspension from ILGA umbrella group |url=https://ejewishphilanthropy.com/israeli-lgbtq-organization-wont-grovel-or-beg-after-suspension-from-ilga-umbrella-group/ |website=EJewish Philanthropy}}</ref> One year afterwards, on 1 May 2025, ILGA lifted the suspension by majority vote, follows an investigation and said that it “took into account that requiring member organizations to take a public stance on their government positions and actions, and holding them accountable for not doing so, would create a precedent that could be harmful to our membership in many countries.”.<ref> {{cite web |author= |date=2025-05-03 |title= ILGA WORLD POSITION ON THE TEL AVIV BID FOR THE 2026/2027 WORLD CONFERENCE |url= https://ilga.org/news/ilga-world-tel-aviv-conference-bid-removed/ |website= ILGA World}}</ref>

In January 2026, it became known that ILGA was declared undesirable in Russia.<ref>[https://sdlinfo.ru/?p=21421 Нежелательные организации пополнились 21 января]</ref>

==Structure== ILGA consists of five regional organizations (ILGA Asia, Pan African ILGA, ILGA Latin America & the Caribbean, ILGA North America & Caribbean and ILGA Oceania) as well as five steering committees (Bisexual, Intersex, Trans, Women's and Youth). ILGA's Executive Board is led by two co-Secretaries General, and includes one chair from each steering committee and two representatives from each region. Member organizations may register to become members and send delegates to the regional organizations.

=== Conferences === According to its constitution,<ref>ILGA World Constitution, clause 7</ref> ILGA has a world conference in which all of its member organisations can attend. The world conference normally sets the time and place for the next conference.<ref>ILGA World Constitution, clause 7.2</ref> However, the Executive Board has used its power under the constitution to set an alternative venue, in the event the venue originally set becomes unviable, as was the case in 2008, when the originally chosen venue of Quebec had to be abandoned due to difficulties encountered by the local organizing committee in raising the necessary funds and the conference had to be held in Vienna instead. The 2010 ILGA world conference took place in São Paulo, Brazil, the 2012 Conference took place in Stockholm, and the 2014 Conference took place in Mexico City.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ilga.org/ilga-world-conference-2014-decolonizing-bodies-mexico-city-results-acknowledgments/|title=ILGA World Conference 2014 "Decolonizing our bodies" Mexico City: Results and Acknowledgments – ILGA|website=ilga.org|date=24 November 2014|access-date=2 May 2019|archive-date=20 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920172850/https://ilga.org/ilga-world-conference-2014-decolonizing-bodies-mexico-city-results-acknowledgments/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

{{columns-list|colwidth=15em| * 1978: Coventry * 1979: Amsterdam/Bergen * 1980: Barcelona/Santa Cristina d'Aro * 1981: Turin * 1982: Washington, D.C. * 1983: Vienna * 1984: Helsinki * 1985: Toronto * 1986: Copenhagen * 1987: Cologne * 1988: Oslo * 1989: Vienna * 1990: Stockholm * 1991: Acapulco * 1992: Paris * 1993: Barcelona * 1994: New York City * 1995: Rio de Janeiro * 1997: Cologne * 1999: Johannesburg * 2000: Rome * 2001: Oakland * 2003: Manila * 2006: Geneva * 2008: Vienna * 2010: São Paulo * 2012: Stockholm * 2014: Mexico City * 2016: Bangkok * 2019: Wellington * 2022: Los Angeles/Long Beach * 2024: Cape Town }}

Protests often made the conferences that the organization held more dramatic and having more negative attention then would've been wanted. A problem encountered was financial in nature which recently came to a head when an ILGA conference actually had to be postponed because of lack of funding.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://trans.ilga.org/trans/welcome_to_the_ilga_trans_secretariat/news/ilga_decided_to_postpone_the_conference |title=ILGA decided to postpone the Conference |publisher=Trans.ilga.org |date=2008-03-07 |access-date=2011-07-27 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120724184820/http://trans.ilga.org/trans/welcome_to_the_ilga_trans_secretariat/news/ilga_decided_to_postpone_the_conference |archive-date=2012-07-24 }}</ref> In 2022, ILGA held its first world conference since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in Long Beach, California.<ref>{{cite news |title=LGBTQ leaders warn of renewed wave of hostility - Al-Monitor: The Pulse of the Middle East |url=https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2022/05/lgbtq-leaders-warn-renewed-wave-hostility |access-date=25 May 2022 |work=www.al-monitor.com |language=en}}</ref>

=== International Intersex Forum === [[File:Third International Intersex Forum.jpg|thumb|Third International Intersex Forum, Malta, December 2013]] {{main| International Intersex Forum}} With a move to include intersex people in its remit, ILGA and ILGA-Europe have sponsored the only international gathering of intersex activists and organisations. The International Intersex Forum has taken place annually since 2011.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ilga-europe.org/what-we-do/our-advocacy-work/trans-and-intersex/intersex/events/first-ever-international-intersex|title=First ever international intersex forum {{!}} ILGA-Europe|website=www.ilga-europe.org|access-date=2019-12-25|archive-date=2019-12-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191225013707/https://www.ilga-europe.org/what-we-do/our-advocacy-work/trans-and-intersex/intersex/events/first-ever-international-intersex|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>[http://ilga.org/ilga/en/article/n9NPXKR1a1 First ever international intersex forum] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517091424/http://ilga.org/ilga/en/article/n9NPXKR1a1 |date=2014-05-17 }}, ILGA, 7 September 2011</ref><ref>[http://oii.org.au/24241/public-statement-by-the-third-international-intersex-forum/ Public statement by the third international intersex forum], Organisation Intersex International Australia, 2 December 2013</ref><ref name="star-observer">[http://www.starobserver.com.au/news/global-intersex-community-affirms-shared-goals/113806 Global intersex community affirms shared goals], Star Observer, December 4, 2013</ref>

The third forum was held in Malta with 34 people representing 30 organisations "from all continents". The closing statement affirmed the existence of intersex people, reaffirmed "the principles of the First and Second International Intersex Fora and extend the demands aiming to end discrimination against intersex people and to ensure the right of bodily integrity, physical autonomy and self-determination". For the first time, participants made a statement on birth registrations, in addition to other human rights issues.<ref name="star-observer" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ilga-europe.org/resources/news/latest-news/3rd-international-intersex-forum-concluded|title=3rd International Intersex Forum concluded {{!}} ILGA-Europe|website=www.ilga-europe.org|access-date=2019-12-25|archive-date=2020-02-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200212063619/https://ilga-europe.org/resources/news/latest-news/3rd-international-intersex-forum-concluded|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>[http://www.oii.tw/Home/3rd-is-forum-statement (Chinese) 2013第三屆世界陰陽人論壇宣言], Oii-Chinese, (''tr. "Declaration of the 3rd World Intersex Forum 2013"'') December 2013</ref>

== Funding == ILGA's main source of income are donations from governments, organizations, private foundations, amongst the contribution of individuals. In 2020, [https://ilga.org/downloads/ILGA_World_Annual_Report_2020.pdf the total income of ILGA amounted to 2,213,268 CHF].{{citation needed|date=May 2022}}

==Reports== {{Progressivism|organizations}} ===State-Sponsored Homophobia=== In 2011, ILGA released its State-Sponsored Homophobia Report<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ilga.org/state-sponsored-homophobia-report|title=State-Sponsored Homophobia report {{!}} ILGA|date=14 September 2017 |publisher=Ilga.org|access-date=2019-12-25}}</ref> and map that brings to light 75 countries that still criminalize same-sex relationships between two consenting adults. These countries are mainly in Africa and in Asia.

In 2016, ILGA released an updated version of the ''State-Sponsored Homophobia Report''. The report found that "same-sex sexual acts" are illegal in 72 countries. These countries are 37% of the States in the United Nations. Of these 72 countries, 33 are in Africa, 23 are in Asia, 11 are in the Americas, and six are in Oceania.<ref>[http://ilga.org/downloads/02_ILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2016_ENG_WEB_150516.pdf ''State-Sponsored Homophobia 2016'' (ILGA, May 2016), 36–37.]</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Anti-LGBT views still prevail, global survey finds |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/may/17/global-lgbt-rights-new-survey-ilga |access-date=25 May 2022 |work=The Guardian |date=17 May 2016 |language=en}}</ref>

Historian Samuel Clowes Huneke criticized ILGA maps for showing most Western and non-Western countries in different colors, stating that while "This division probably make sense to the casual observer... queer scholars and activists have noted that it also has colonial overtones".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Huneke |first1=Samuel |title=Beyond Gay Imperialism |url=https://thebaffler.com/latest/beyond-gay-imperialism-huneke |access-date=12 May 2022 |work=The Baffler |date=23 March 2021}}</ref>

=== Curbing Deception === In February 2020, ILGA launched ''Curbing Deception - A Comprehensive Global Survey on Legal Restrictions of 'Conversion Therapies'''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-02-26 |title='Conversion therapy': ILGA World releases extensive global research into laws banning the discredited practice |url=https://ilga.org/conversion-therapy-global-research-ilga-world |access-date=2023-05-30 |website=ILGA World |language=en}}</ref> This research report examines laws at both national and subnational levels that prohibit efforts to change sexual orientation, gender identity, and gender expression. Additionally, the report delves into a wide range of techniques historically and currently employed in an attempt to modify the sexual orientation of lesbians, gays, and bisexuals, impede transgender youth from transitioning, induce detransitioning in transgender individuals, or enforce adherence to societal stereotypes of masculinity and femininity regarding gender expression and roles.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mendos |first=Lucas Ramón |url=https://ilga.org/Conversion-therapy-report-ILGA-World-Curbing-Deception |title=Curbing Deception: A world survey on legal regulation of so-called "conversion therapies" |date=February 2020 |publisher=ILGA World |edition=1st |location=Geneva}}</ref>

=== Our Identities under Arrest === ''Our Identities under Arrest'' is the first publication specifically focusing on the enforcement of laws that criminalize consensual same-sex sexual acts and diverse gender expressions at a global level. It goes beyond the black letter law to track how these provisions are effectively enforced. The first edition was published in December 2021 and it reviewed over 900 instances in which law enforcement authorities have subjected LGBTQ+ and gender-diverse individuals to fines, arbitrary arrests, prosecutions, corporal punishments, imprisonments, and potentially even the death penalty.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-15 |title=Arrests and prosecutions of LGBT and gender-diverse persons continue worldwide, new report shows |url=https://ilga.org/our-identities-under-arrest-prosecutions-lgbt-gender-diverse-persons |access-date=2023-05-31 |website=ILGA World |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |orig-date= |title=LGBT people still arrested and prosecuted worldwide |url=https://www.mambaonline.com/2021/12/18/lgbt-people-still-arrested-and-prosecuted-worldwide/ |website=Mamba Online |publication-date=18 December 2021}}</ref>

The report provides evidence revealing the significant underreporting of arrests and prosecutions across different countries. It highlights the notable gap between official records on enforcement published by certain governments (such as Morocco, Uzbekistan, Cameroon, and Sri Lanka) and the number of instances documented through alternative sources collected by ILGA World for this report.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Botha |first=Kellyn |url=https://ilga.org/our-identities-under-arrest |title=Our identities under arrest: A global overview on the enforcement of laws criminalising consensual same-sex sexual acts between adults and diverse gender expressions |publisher=ILGA World |year=2021 |location=Geneva |pages=18–28 |language=}}</ref> The report also found that judicial prosecution is a poor indicator to assess levels of enforcement, as arrests and detentions without formal judicial proceedings are the predominant methods of enforcing criminalizing provisions. In many countries, individuals can be detained for extended periods, ranging from several days to weeks or even months, without any form of judicial or administrative review.<ref name=":0" />

The report also highlights the fluctuating nature of the enforcement of criminalizing provisions, which can vary in frequency and intensity over time, with periods characterized by a significant increase in documented instances, followed by periods with no recorded or documented cases of enforcement. The report found that in many criminalizing countries, authorities and law enforcement officials sporadically enforce these provisions in ways that are often unpredictable. Even countries that are considered "safe" or where little information on enforcement is available can experience sudden and unexpected shifts in their approach to these provisions.<ref name=":0" />

===Global Attitudes Survey=== In 2016, ILGA published its ''2016 Global Attitudes Survey on LGBTI People''. The principal subject surveyed was attitudes about "sexual orientation".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ilga.org/downloads/07_THE_ILGA_RIWI_2016_GLOBAL_ATTITUDES_SURVEY_ON_LGBTI_PEOPLE.pdf|title=''The ILGA-RIWI 2016 Global Attitudes Survey on LGBTI'' (2016). Retrieved October 9, 2016.|access-date=October 9, 2016|archive-date=January 22, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190122222543/https://ilga.org/downloads/07_THE_ILGA_RIWI_2016_GLOBAL_ATTITUDES_SURVEY_ON_LGBTI_PEOPLE.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Notes== {{reflist}}

==Further reading== *{{cite book |last1=Adam |first1=Barry D. |title=Globalization and Social Movements |date=2001 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan UK |isbn=978-0-230-55444-3 |pages=166–179 |language=en |chapter=Globalization and the Mobilization of Gay and Lesbian Communities}} *{{cite journal |last1=Ayoub |first1=Phillip M. |last2=Paternotte |first2=David |title=L'International Lesbian and Gay Association (ILGA) et l'expansion du militantisme LGBT dans une Europe unifiée |journal=Critique Internationale |date=2016 |volume=70 |issue=1 |pages=55 |doi=10.3917/crii.070.0055}} *{{cite journal |last1=Croucher |first1=Sheila |title=South Africa's Democratisation and the Politics of Gay Liberation |journal=Journal of Southern African Studies |date=2002 |volume=28 |issue=2 |pages=315–330 |doi=10.1080/03057070220140720|s2cid=144395845 }} * Johansson, Warren & Percy, William A. ''Outing: Shattering the Conspiracy of Silence''. Harrington Park Press, 1994. pp. 192–193. *{{cite journal |last1=Paternotte |first1=David |title=The International (Lesbian and) Gay Association and the question of pedophilia: Tracking the demise of gay liberation ideals |journal=Sexualities |date=2014 |volume=17 |issue=1–2 |pages=121–138 |doi=10.1177/1363460713511103|s2cid=144898738 }} *{{cite journal |last1=Power |first1=Lisa |author1-link=Lisa Power |title=The International Lesbian and Gay Association |journal=Feminist Review |date=1991 |volume=39 |issue=1 |pages=186–188 |doi=10.1057/fr.1991.59|s2cid=144088933 }} *{{cite journal |last1=Sanders |first1=Douglas |title=Getting Lesbian and Gay Issues on the International Human Rights Agenda |journal=Human Rights Quarterly |date=1996 |volume=18 |pages=67–106 |doi=10.1353/hrq.1996.0010 |s2cid=143728662 |url=https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/hurq18&div=10&id=&page=|url-access=subscription }} *{{cite journal |last1=Swiebel |first1=Joke |title=Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender human rights: the search for an international strategy |journal=Contemporary Politics |date=2009 |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=19–35 |doi=10.1080/13569770802674196|s2cid=154229358 }} *{{cite book |last1=Tremblay |first1=Manon |last2=Paternotte |first2=David |title=The Ashgate Research Companion to Lesbian and Gay Activism |date=2015 |publisher=Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. |isbn=978-1-4094-5709-1 |language=en}}

==External links== * {{Official website|http://ilga.org/}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans And Intersex Association}} Category:International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association Category:International LGBTQ political advocacy groups Category:Organisations based in Brussels Category:Organizations established in 1978 Category:1978 establishments in England Category:Organizations listed in Russia as undesirable Category:LGBTQ organisations based in Switzerland