E series of preferred numbers

{{Short description|Series of preferred values for passive electrical components}} {{Confuse|Scientific notation#E notation{{!}}E notation|E number}} {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021|cs1-dates=y}} {{Use list-defined references|date=December 2021}}

thumb|250px|This graph shows how almost any value between 1 and 10 is within ±10% of an E12 series value, and its difference from the ideal value in a geometric sequence. thumb|right|250px|Two decades of E12 values, which would give resistor values of 1 Ω to 82 Ω

The '''E series''' is a system of preferred numbers (also called preferred values) derived for use in electronic components. It consists of the '''E3''', '''E6''', '''E12''', '''E24''', '''E48''', '''E96''' and '''E192''' series,<ref name="Walsin_2018_E1"/> where the number after the 'E' designates the quantity of logarithmic value "steps" per decade. Although it is theoretically possible to produce components of any value, in practice the need for inventory simplification has led the industry to settle on the E series for resistors, capacitors, inductors, and zener diodes. Other types of electrical components are either specified by the Renard series (for example fuses) or are defined in relevant product standards (for example IEC 60228 for wires).

==History== During the Golden Age of Radio (1920s to 1950s), numerous companies manufactured vacuum-tube–based AM radio receivers for consumer use. In the early years, many components were not standardized between AM radio manufacturers. The capacitance values of capacitors (previously called condensers)<ref name="AlliedRadio_1930_1"/><ref name="RadioShack_1940_1"/> and resistance values of resistors<ref name="AlliedRadio_1930_2"/><ref name="RadioShack_1940_2"/><ref name="FTRC_1943"/><ref name="FTRC_1946"/> were not standardized as they are today.<ref name="Jameco_2017"/>

In 1924, the Radio Manufacturers Association (RMA) was formed in Chicago, Illinois by 50 AM radio manufacturers to license and share patents. Over time, this group created some of the earliest standards for electronics components. In 1936, the RMA adopted a preferred-number system for the resistance values of fixed-composition resistors.<ref name="Blackburn_1949"/> Over time, resistor manufacturers migrated from older values to the 1936 resistance value standard.<ref name="FTRC_1943"/><ref name="FTRC_1946"/>

During World War II (1940s), American and British military production was a major influence for establishing numerous standards across many industries, especially in electronics, where it was essential to produce high quantities of standardized electronic components to build military devices, such as wireless communications and jammers, radar and jammers, LORAN radio navigation homing receivers for aircraft, ASDIC (sonar) for submarine navigation and detection, test equipment, and more.

Later, the mid-20th century baby boom and the invention of the transistor kicked off demand for consumer electronics goods during the 1950s. As portable transistor radio manufacturing migrated from United States towards Japan during the late 1950s, it was critical for the electronic industry to have international standards.

After worked on by the RMA,<ref name="Dyck_1951"/> the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) began work on an international standard for preferred values in 1948.<ref name="IEC_60063_1963"/> The first version of this '''IEC Publication 63''' (IEC 63) was released in 1952.<ref name="IEC_60063_1952"/> Later, IEC 63 was revised, amended, and renamed into the current version known as '''IEC 60063:2015'''.<ref name="IEC_60063_2015"/>

IEC 60063 release history: * IEC 63:1952 (aka IEC 60063:1952), first edition, published 1952-01-01.<ref name="IEC_60063_1952"/> * IEC 63:1963 (aka IEC 60063:1963), second edition, published 1963-01-01.<ref name="IEC_60063_1963"/> * IEC 63:1967/AMD1:1967 (aka IEC 60063:1967/AMD1:1967), first amendment of second edition, published 1967.<ref name="IEC_60063_1963"/> * IEC 63:1977/AMD2:1977 (aka IEC 60063:1977/AMD2:1977), second amendment of second edition, published 1977.<ref name="IEC_60063_1963"/> * IEC 60063:2015, third edition, published 2015-03-27.<ref name="IEC_60063_2015"/>

==Overview== The E series of preferred numbers was chosen such that when a component is manufactured it will end up in a range of roughly equally spaced values (geometric progression) on a logarithmic scale. Each E series subdivides each decade magnitude into steps of 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 96, and 192 values, termed ''E3'', ''E6'', and so forth to ''E192'', with maximum errors of 40%, 20%, 10%, 5%, 2%, 1%, 0.5%, respectively.<ref group="nb" name="NB_E1"/> Also, the E192 series is used for 0.25% and 0.1% tolerance resistors.

Historically, the E series is split into two major groupings: * E3, E6, E12, E24 are subsets of E24. Values in this group are rounded to 2 significant figures. * E48, E96, E192 are subsets of E192. Values in this group are rounded to 3 significant figures.

===Formula=== The formula for each value is determined by the m-th root, but unfortunately the calculated values don't match the official values of all E series.<ref name="Rohm_2024"/>

<math display=block>V_n = \mathrm{round} (\sqrt[m]{10^n})</math>

:where: :: <math>V_n</math> is rounded to 2 significant figures (E3, E6, E12, E24) or 3 significant figures (E48, E96, E192), :: <math>m</math> is an integer of the E series group size (3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 96, 192), :: <math>n</math> is an integer of <math>\{0, 1, ..., m-1\} .</math>

:exceptions: :: The official values for E48 and E96 series match their calculated values, but all other series (E3, E6, E12, E24, E192) have one or more official values that don't match their calculated values (see subsets sections below).

===E24 subsets=== For E3, E6, E12, and E24, the values from the formula are rounded to 2 significant figures, but eight official values (shown in '''bold''' & green) are different from the calculated values (shown in red). During the early half of the 20th century, electronic components had different sets of component values than today. In the late 1940s, standards organizations started working towards codifying a standard set of official component values, and they decided that it wasn't practical to change some of the former established historical values. The first standard was accepted in Paris in 1950, then published as IEC 63 in 1952.<ref name="IEC_60063_1952"/> The official values of the E3, E6, and E12 series are subsets of the following official E24 values.

:{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |+Comparison of rounded log-scaled values and official values of E24 series (<math>m = 24</math>) |- ! <math>n = \{0, ..., 23\}</math> || 0 || 1 || 2 || 3 || 4 || 5 || 6 || 7 || 8 || 9 || 10 || 11 || 12 || 13 || 14 || 15 || 16 || 17 || 18 || 19 || 20 || 21 || 22 || 23 |- | Calculated <math>V_n</math> values || 1.0 || 1.1 || 1.2 || 1.3 || 1.5 || 1.6 || 1.8 || 2.0 || 2.2 || 2.4 || {{no|2.6}} || {{no|2.9}} || {{no|3.2}} || {{no|3.5}} || {{no|3.8}} || {{no|4.2}} || {{no|4.6}} || 5.1 || 5.6 || 6.2 || 6.8 || 7.5 || {{no|8.3}} || 9.1 |- | Official E24 values || 1.0 || 1.1 || 1.2 || 1.3 || 1.5 || 1.6 || 1.8 || 2.0 || 2.2 || 2.4 || {{yes|'''2.7'''}} || {{yes|'''3.0'''}} || {{yes|'''3.3'''}} || {{yes|'''3.6'''}} || {{yes|'''3.9'''}} || {{yes|'''4.3'''}} || {{yes|'''4.7'''}} || 5.1 || 5.6 || 6.2 || 6.8 || 7.5 || {{yes|'''8.2'''}} || 9.1 |}

The E3 series is rarely used,<ref group="nb" name="NB_E1"/> except for some components with high variations like electrolytic capacitors, where the given tolerance is often unbalanced between negative and positive such as {{su|b=−30%|p=+50%}} or {{su|b=−20%|p=+80%}}, or for components with uncritical values such as pull-up resistors. The calculated constant tangential tolerance for this series gives ({{radic|10|3}} − 1) ÷ ({{radic|10|3}} + 1) = 36.60%, approximately. While the standard only specifies a tolerance greater than 20%, other sources indicate 40% or 50%. Currently, most electrolytic capacitors are manufactured with values in the E6 or E12 series, thus E3 series is mostly obsolete.

===E192 subsets=== For E48, E96, and E192, the values from the formula are rounded to 3 significant figures, but one value (shown in bold) is different from the calculated values. * To calculate the E48 series: <math>m</math> is 48, then <math>n</math> is incremented from 0 to 47 through the formula. All official values of E48 series match their calculated values. * To calculate the E96 series: <math>m</math> is 96, then <math>n</math> is incremented from 0 to 95 through the formula. All official values of E96 series match their calculated values. * To calculate the E192 series: <math>m</math> is 192, then <math>n</math> is incremented from 0 to 191 through the formula, with one exception for <math>n=185</math> where '''9.20''' is the official value instead of the calculated 9.19 value.

Since some values of the E24 series do not exist in the E48, E96, or E192 series, some resistor manufacturers have added missing E24 values into {{em|some}} of their 1%, 0.5%, 0.25%, 0.1% tolerance resistor families. This allows easier purchasing migration between various tolerances. This E series merging is noted on resistor datasheets and webpages as "E96 + E24" or "E192 + E24".<ref name="Bourns_2017"/><ref name="Vishay_2017_Thick"/><ref name="Vishay_2017_Thin"/> In the following table, the red cells denote E24 values that don't exist in the E48, E96, or E192 series, and indicate the closest value or values that do instead.

:{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |+E24 values that exist in E48, E96, and E192 series |- ! E24 values || 1.0 || 1.1 || 1.2 || 1.3 || 1.5 || 1.6 || 1.8 || 2.0 || 2.2 || 2.4 || 2.7 || 3.0 || 3.3 || 3.6 || 3.9 || 4.3 || 4.7 || 5.1 || 5.6 || 6.2 || 6.8 || 7.5 || 8.2 || 9.1 |- | E48 values || {{yes|1.00}} || {{yes|1.10}} || {{no|1.21}} || {{no|1.27 1.33}} || {{no|1.47}} || {{no|1.62}} || {{no|1.78}} || {{no|1.96}} || {{no|2.15}} || {{no|2.37}} || {{no|2.74}} || {{no|3.01}} || {{no|3.32}} || {{no|3.65}} || {{no|3.83}} || {{no|4.22}} || {{no|4.64}} || {{no|5.11}} || {{no|5.62}} || {{no|6.19}} || {{no|6.81}} || {{yes|7.50}} || {{no|8.25}} || {{no|9.09}} |- | E96 values || {{yes|1.00}} || {{yes|1.10}} || {{no|1.21}} || {{yes|1.30}} || {{yes|1.50}} || {{no|1.58 1.62}} || {{no|1.78 1.82}} || {{yes|2.00}} || {{no|2.21}} || {{no|2.37 2.43}} || {{no|2.67}} || {{no|3.01}} || {{no|3.32}} || {{no|3.57}} || {{no|3.92}} || {{no|4.32}} || {{no|4.75}} || {{no|5.11}} || {{no|5.62}} || {{no|6.19}} || {{no|6.81}} || {{yes|7.50}} || {{no|8.25}} || {{no|9.09}} |- | E192 values || {{yes|1.00}} || {{yes|1.10}} || {{yes|1.20}} || {{yes|1.30}} || {{yes|1.50}} || {{yes|1.60}} || {{yes|1.80}} || {{yes|2.00}} || {{no|2.21}} || {{yes|2.40}} || {{no|2.71}} || {{no|3.01}} || {{no|3.28 3.32}} || {{no|3.61}} || {{no|3.88 3.92}} || {{no|4.32}} || {{yes|4.70}} || {{no|5.11}} || {{no|5.62}} || {{no|6.19}} || {{no|6.81}} || {{yes|7.50}} || {{no|8.16}} || {{no|9.09}} |}

==Examples== If a manufacturer sold resistors with all values in a range of 1 ohm to 10 megaohms, the available resistance values for E3 through E12 would be: :{| class="wikitable" |- ! scope="col" | E3 (in ohms) ! scope="col" | E6 (in ohms) ! scope="col" | E12 (in ohms) |- | * 1.0, 2.2, 4.7, * 10, 22, 47, * 100, 220, 470, * 1 k, 2.2 k, 4.7 k, * 10 k, 22 k, 47 k, * 100 k, 220 k, 470 k, * 1 M, 2.2 M, 4.7 M, * 10 M | * 1.0, 1.5, 2.2, 3.3, 4.7, 6.8, * 10, 15, 22, 33, 47, 68, * 100, 150, 220, 330, 470, 680, * 1 k, 1.5 k, 2.2 k, 3.3 k, 4.7 k, 6.8 k, * 10 k, 15 k, 22 k, 33 k, 47 k, 68 k, * 100 k, 150 k, 220 k, 330 k, 470 k, 680 k, * 1 M, 1.5 M, 2.2 M, 3.3 M, 4.7 M, 6.8 M, * 10 M | * 1.0, 1.2, 1.5, 1.8, 2.2, 2.7, 3.3, 3.9, 4.7, 5.6, 6.8, 8.2, * 10, 12, 15, 18, 22, 27, 33, 39, 47, 56, 68, 82, * 100, 120, 150, 180, 220, 270, 330, 390, 470, 560, 680, 820, * 1 k, 1.2 k, 1.5 k, 1.8 k, 2.2 k, 2.7 k, 3.3 k, 3.9 k, 4.7 k, 5.6 k, 6.8 k, 8.2 k, * 10 k, 12 k, 15 k, 18 k, 22 k, 27 k, 33 k, 39 k, 47 k, 56 k, 68 k, 82 k, * 100 k, 120 k, 150 k, 180 k, 220 k, 270 k, 330 k, 390 k, 470 k, 560 k, 680 k, 820 k, * 1 M, 1.2 M, 1.5 M, 1.8 M, 2.2 M, 2.7 M, 3.3 M, 3.9 M, 4.7 M, 5.6 M, 6.8 M, 8.2 M, * 10 M |}

If a manufacturer sold capacitors with all values in a range of 1 pF to 10,000 μF, the available capacitance values for E3 and E6 would be: :{| class="wikitable" |- ! scope="col" | E3 ! scope="col" | E6 |- | * 1.0 pF, 2.2 pF, 4.7 pF, * 10 pF, 22 pF, 47 pF, * 100 pF, 220 pF, 470 pF, * 1 nF, 2.2 nF, 4.7 nF, * 10 nF, 22 nF, 47 nF, * 100 nF, 220 nF, 470 nF, * 1 μF, 2.2 μF, 4.7 μF, * 10 μF, 22 μF, 47 μF, * 100 μF, 220 μF, 470 μF, * 1000 μF, 2200 μF, 4700 μF, * 10000 μF | * 1.0 pF, 1.5 pF, 2.2 pF, 3.3 pF, 4.7 pF, 6.8 pF, * 10 pF, 15 pF, 22 pF, 33 pF, 47 pF, 68 pF, * 100 pF, 150 pF, 220 pF, 330 pF, 470 pF, 680 pF, * 1 nF, 1.5 nF, 2.2 nF, 3.3 nF, 4.7 nF, 6.8 nF, * 10 nF, 15 nF, 22 nF, 33 nF, 47 nF, 68 nF, * 100 nF, 150 nF, 220 nF, 330 nF, 470 nF, 680 nF, * 1 μF, 1.5 μF, 2.2 μF, 3.3 μF, 4.7 μF, 6.8 μF, * 10 μF, 15 μF, 22 μF, 33 μF, 47 μF, 68 μF, * 100 μF, 150 μF, 220 μF, 330 μF, 470 μF, 680 μF, * 1000 μF, 1500 μF, 2200 μF, 3300 μF, 4700 μF, 6800 μF, * 10000 μF |}

==Lists== {{anchor|E1|E3|E6|E12|E24|E48|E96|E192}} [[Image:Preferred values 05 Pengo.svg|thumb|250px|A decade of the E12 values shown with their electronic color codes on resistors]] List of official values for each E series:<ref group="nb" name="NB_E1"/>

;E3 values : (40% tolerance) : 1.0, 2.2, 4.7 ;E6 values : (20% tolerance) : 1.0, 1.5, 2.2, 3.3, 4.7, 6.8 ;E12 values : (10% tolerance) : 1.0, 1.2, 1.5, 1.8, 2.2, 2.7, 3.3, 3.9, 4.7, 5.6, 6.8, 8.2 ;E24 values : (5% tolerance) : 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.5, 1.6, 1.8, 2.0, 2.2, 2.4, 2.7, 3.0, 3.3, 3.6, 3.9, 4.3, 4.7, 5.1, 5.6, 6.2, 6.8, 7.5, 8.2, 9.1 ;E48 values : (2% tolerance) : 1.00, 1.05, 1.10, 1.15, 1.21, 1.27, 1.33, 1.40, 1.47, 1.54, 1.62, 1.69, 1.78, 1.87, 1.96, 2.05, 2.15, 2.26, 2.37, 2.49, 2.61, 2.74, 2.87, 3.01, 3.16, 3.32, 3.48, 3.65, 3.83, 4.02, 4.22, 4.42, 4.64, 4.87, 5.11, 5.36, 5.62, 5.90, 6.19, 6.49, 6.81, 7.15, 7.50, 7.87, 8.25, 8.66, 9.09, 9.53 ;E96 values : (1% tolerance) : 1.00, 1.02, 1.05, 1.07, 1.10, 1.13, 1.15, 1.18, 1.21, 1.24, 1.27, 1.30, 1.33, 1.37, 1.40, 1.43, 1.47, 1.50, 1.54, 1.58, 1.62, 1.65, 1.69, 1.74, 1.78, 1.82, 1.87, 1.91, 1.96, 2.00, 2.05, 2.10, 2.15, 2.21, 2.26, 2.32, 2.37, 2.43, 2.49, 2.55, 2.61, 2.67, 2.74, 2.80, 2.87, 2.94, 3.01, 3.09, 3.16, 3.24, 3.32, 3.40, 3.48, 3.57, 3.65, 3.74, 3.83, 3.92, 4.02, 4.12, 4.22, 4.32, 4.42, 4.53, 4.64, 4.75, 4.87, 4.99, 5.11, 5.23, 5.36, 5.49, 5.62, 5.76, 5.90, 6.04, 6.19, 6.34, 6.49, 6.65, 6.81, 6.98, 7.15, 7.32, 7.50, 7.68, 7.87, 8.06, 8.25, 8.45, 8.66, 8.87, 9.09, 9.31, 9.53, 9.76 ;E192 values : (0.5% and lower tolerance) : 1.00, 1.01, 1.02, 1.04, 1.05, 1.06, 1.07, 1.09, 1.10, 1.11, 1.13, 1.14, 1.15, 1.17, 1.18, 1.20, 1.21, 1.23, 1.24, 1.26, 1.27, 1.29, 1.30, 1.32, 1.33, 1.35, 1.37, 1.38, 1.40, 1.42, 1.43, 1.45, 1.47, 1.49, 1.50, 1.52, 1.54, 1.56, 1.58, 1.60, 1.62, 1.64, 1.65, 1.67, 1.69, 1.72, 1.74, 1.76, 1.78, 1.80, 1.82, 1.84, 1.87, 1.89, 1.91, 1.93, 1.96, 1.98, 2.00, 2.03, 2.05, 2.08, 2.10, 2.13, 2.15, 2.18, 2.21, 2.23, 2.26, 2.29, 2.32, 2.34, 2.37, 2.40, 2.43, 2.46, 2.49, 2.52, 2.55, 2.58, 2.61, 2.64, 2.67, 2.71, 2.74, 2.77, 2.80, 2.84, 2.87, 2.91, 2.94, 2.98, 3.01, 3.05, 3.09, 3.12, 3.16, 3.20, 3.24, 3.28, 3.32, 3.36, 3.40, 3.44, 3.48, 3.52, 3.57, 3.61, 3.65, 3.70, 3.74, 3.79, 3.83, 3.88, 3.92, 3.97, 4.02, 4.07, 4.12, 4.17, 4.22, 4.27, 4.32, 4.37, 4.42, 4.48, 4.53, 4.59, 4.64, 4.70, 4.75, 4.81, 4.87, 4.93, 4.99, 5.05, 5.11, 5.17, 5.23, 5.30, 5.36, 5.42, 5.49, 5.56, 5.62, 5.69, 5.76, 5.83, 5.90, 5.97, 6.04, 6.12, 6.19, 6.26, 6.34, 6.42, 6.49, 6.57, 6.65, 6.73, 6.81, 6.90, 6.98, 7.06, 7.15, 7.23, 7.32, 7.41, 7.50, 7.59, 7.68, 7.77, 7.87, 7.96, 8.06, 8.16, 8.25, 8.35, 8.45, 8.56, 8.66, 8.76, 8.87, 8.98, 9.09, 9.20, 9.31, 9.42, 9.53, 9.65, 9.76, 9.88

==Table== {| style="margin:auto" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |+ E-series values, 1.0–2.13 |- ! scope="col" style="background-color:#e2e2e2"| E3 ! scope="col" style="background-color:#ffe2e2"| E6 ! scope="col" style="background-color:#ffffe2"| E12 ! scope="col" style="background-color:#e2ffe2"| E24 ! scope="col" style="background-color:#e2ffff"| E48 ! scope="col" style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| E96 ! scope="col" style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| E192 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2e2e2"| 1.0 | style="background-color:#ffe2e2"| 1.0 | style="background-color:#ffffe2"| 1.0 | style="background-color:#e2ffe2"| 1.0 | style="background-color:#e2ffff"| 1.00 | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| 1.00 | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 1.00 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | rowspan="63" style="background-color:#e2e2e2"| | rowspan="31" style="background-color:#ffe2e2"| | rowspan="15" style="background-color:#ffffe2"| | rowspan="7" style="background-color:#e2ffe2"| | rowspan="3" style="background-color:#e2ffff"| | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 1.01 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| 1.02 | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 1.02 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 1.04 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2ffff"| 1.05 | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| 1.05 | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 1.05 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | rowspan="3" style="background-color:#e2ffff"| | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 1.06 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| 1.07 | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 1.07 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 1.09 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2ffe2"| 1.1 | style="background-color:#e2ffff"| 1.10 | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| 1.10 | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 1.10 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | rowspan="7" style="background-color:#e2ffe2"| | rowspan="3" style="background-color:#e2ffff"| | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 1.11 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| 1.13 | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 1.13 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 1.14 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2ffff"| 1.15 | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| 1.15 | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 1.15 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | rowspan="3" style="background-color:#e2ffff"| | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 1.17 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| 1.18 | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 1.18 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 1.20 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#ffffe2"| 1.2 | style="background-color:#e2ffe2"| 1.2 | style="background-color:#e2ffff"| 1.21 | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| 1.21 | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 1.21 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | rowspan="15" style="background-color:#ffffe2"| | rowspan="7" style="background-color:#e2ffe2"| | rowspan="3" style="background-color:#e2ffff"| | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 1.23 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| 1.24 | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 1.24 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 1.26 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2ffff"| 1.27 | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| 1.27 | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 1.27 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | rowspan="3" style="background-color:#e2ffff"| | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 1.29 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| 1.30 | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 1.30 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 1.32 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2ffe2"| 1.3 | style="background-color:#e2ffff"| 1.33 | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| 1.33 | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 1.33 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | rowspan="7" style="background-color:#e2ffe2"| | rowspan="3" style="background-color:#e2ffff"| | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 1.35 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| 1.37 | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 1.37 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 1.38 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2ffff"| 1.40 | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| 1.40 | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 1.40 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | rowspan="3" style="background-color:#e2ffff"| | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 1.42 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| 1.43 | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 1.43 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 1.45 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#ffe2e2"| 1.5 | style="background-color:#ffffe2"| 1.5 | style="background-color:#e2ffe2"| 1.5 | style="background-color:#e2ffff"| 1.47 | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| 1.47 | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 1.47 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | rowspan="31" style="background-color:#ffe2e2"| | rowspan="15" style="background-color:#ffffe2"| | rowspan="7" style="background-color:#e2ffe2"| | rowspan="3" style="background-color:#e2ffff"| | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 1.49 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| 1.50 | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 1.50 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 1.52 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2ffff"| 1.54 | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| 1.54 | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 1.54 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | rowspan="3" style="background-color:#e2ffff"| | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 1.56 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| 1.58 | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 1.58 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 1.60 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2ffe2"| 1.6 | style="background-color:#e2ffff"| 1.62 | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| 1.62 | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 1.62 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | rowspan="7" style="background-color:#e2ffe2"| | rowspan="3" style="background-color:#e2ffff"| | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 1.64 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| 1.65 | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 1.65 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 1.67 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2ffff"| 1.69 | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| 1.69 | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 1.69 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | rowspan="3" style="background-color:#e2ffff"| | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 1.72 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| 1.74 | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 1.74 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 1.76 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#ffffe2"| 1.8 | style="background-color:#e2ffe2"| 1.8 | style="background-color:#e2ffff"| 1.78 | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| 1.78 | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 1.78 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | rowspan="15" style="background-color:#ffffe2"| | rowspan="7" style="background-color:#e2ffe2"| | rowspan="3" style="background-color:#e2ffff"| | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 1.80 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| 1.82 | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 1.82 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 1.84 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2ffff"| 1.87 | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| 1.87 | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 1.87 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | rowspan="3" style="background-color:#e2ffff"| | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 1.89 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| 1.91 | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 1.91 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 1.93 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2ffe2"| 2.0 | style="background-color:#e2ffff"| 1.96 | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| 1.96 | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 1.96 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | rowspan="7" style="background-color:#e2ffe2"| | rowspan="3" style="background-color:#e2ffff"| | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 1.98 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| 2.00 | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 2.00 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 2.03 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2ffff"| 2.05 | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| 2.05 | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 2.05 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | rowspan="3" style="background-color:#e2ffff"| | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 2.08 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| 2.10 | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 2.10 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 2.13 |} | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |+ E-series values, 2.15–4.59 |- ! scope="col" style="background-color:#e2e2e2"| E3 ! scope="col" style="background-color:#ffe2e2"| E6 ! scope="col" style="background-color:#ffffe2"| E12 ! scope="col" style="background-color:#e2ffe2"| E24 ! scope="col" style="background-color:#e2ffff"| E48 ! scope="col" style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| E96 ! scope="col" style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| E192 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2e2e2"| 2.2 | style="background-color:#ffe2e2"| 2.2 | style="background-color:#ffffe2"| 2.2 | style="background-color:#e2ffe2"| 2.2 | style="background-color:#e2ffff"| 2.15 | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| 2.15 | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 2.15 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | rowspan="63" style="background-color:#e2e2e2"| | rowspan="31" style="background-color:#ffe2e2"| | rowspan="15" style="background-color:#ffffe2"| | rowspan="7" style="background-color:#e2ffe2"| | rowspan="3" style="background-color:#e2ffff"| | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 2.18 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| 2.21 | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 2.21 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 2.23 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2ffff"| 2.26 | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| 2.26 | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 2.26 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | rowspan="3" style="background-color:#e2ffff"| | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 2.29 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| 2.32 | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 2.32 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 2.34 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2ffe2"| 2.4 | style="background-color:#e2ffff"| 2.37 | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| 2.37 | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 2.37 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | rowspan="7" style="background-color:#e2ffe2"| | rowspan="3" style="background-color:#e2ffff"| | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 2.40 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| 2.43 | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 2.43 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 2.46 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2ffff"| 2.49 | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| 2.49 | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 2.49 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | rowspan="3" style="background-color:#e2ffff"| | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 2.52 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| 2.55 | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 2.55 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 2.58 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#ffffe2"| 2.7 | style="background-color:#e2ffe2"| 2.7 | style="background-color:#e2ffff"| 2.61 | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| 2.61 | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 2.61 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | rowspan="15" style="background-color:#ffffe2"| | rowspan="7" style="background-color:#e2ffe2"| | rowspan="3" style="background-color:#e2ffff"| | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 2.64 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| 2.67 | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 2.67 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 2.71 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2ffff"| 2.74 | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| 2.74 | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 2.74 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | rowspan="3" style="background-color:#e2ffff"| | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 2.77 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| 2.80 | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 2.80 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 2.84 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2ffe2"| 3.0 | style="background-color:#e2ffff"| 2.87 | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| 2.87 | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 2.87 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | rowspan="7" style="background-color:#e2ffe2"| | rowspan="3" style="background-color:#e2ffff"| | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 2.91 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| 2.94 | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 2.94 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 2.98 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2ffff"| 3.01 | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| 3.01 | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 3.01 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | rowspan="3" style="background-color:#e2ffff"| | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 3.05 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| 3.09 | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 3.09 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 3.12 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#ffe2e2"| 3.3 | style="background-color:#ffffe2"| 3.3 | style="background-color:#e2ffe2"| 3.3 | style="background-color:#e2ffff"| 3.16 | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| 3.16 | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 3.16 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | rowspan="31" style="background-color:#ffe2e2"| | rowspan="15" style="background-color:#ffffe2"| | rowspan="7" style="background-color:#e2ffe2"| | rowspan="3" style="background-color:#e2ffff"| | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 3.20 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| 3.24 | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 3.24 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 3.28 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2ffff"| 3.32 | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| 3.32 | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 3.32 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | rowspan="3" style="background-color:#e2ffff"| | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 3.36 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| 3.40 | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 3.40 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 3.44 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2ffe2"| 3.6 | style="background-color:#e2ffff"| 3.48 | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| 3.48 | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 3.48 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | rowspan="7" style="background-color:#e2ffe2"| | rowspan="3" style="background-color:#e2ffff"| | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 3.52 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| 3.57 | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 3.57 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 3.61 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2ffff"| 3.65 | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| 3.65 | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 3.65 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | rowspan="3" style="background-color:#e2ffff"| | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 3.70 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| 3.74 | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 3.74 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 3.79 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#ffffe2"| 3.9 | style="background-color:#e2ffe2"| 3.9 | style="background-color:#e2ffff"| 3.83 | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| 3.83 | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 3.83 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | rowspan="15" style="background-color:#ffffe2"| | rowspan="7" style="background-color:#e2ffe2"| | rowspan="3" style="background-color:#e2ffff"| | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 3.88 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| 3.92 | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 3.92 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 3.97 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2ffff"| 4.02 | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| 4.02 | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 4.02 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | rowspan="3" style="background-color:#e2ffff"| | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 4.07 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| 4.12 | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 4.12 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 4.17 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2ffe2"| 4.3 | style="background-color:#e2ffff"| 4.22 | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| 4.22 | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 4.22 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | rowspan="7" style="background-color:#e2ffe2"| | rowspan="3" style="background-color:#e2ffff"| | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 4.27 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| 4.32 | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 4.32 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 4.37 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2ffff"| 4.42 | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| 4.42 | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 4.42 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | rowspan="3" style="background-color:#e2ffff"| | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 4.48 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| 4.53 | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 4.53 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 4.59 |} | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |+ E-series values, 4.64–9.88 |- ! scope="col" style="background-color:#e2e2e2"| E3 ! scope="col" style="background-color:#ffe2e2"| E6 ! scope="col" style="background-color:#ffffe2"| E12 ! scope="col" style="background-color:#e2ffe2"| E24 ! scope="col" style="background-color:#e2ffff"| E48 ! scope="col" style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| E96 ! scope="col" style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| E192 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2e2e2"| 4.7 | style="background-color:#ffe2e2"| 4.7 | style="background-color:#ffffe2"| 4.7 | style="background-color:#e2ffe2"| 4.7 | style="background-color:#e2ffff"| 4.64 | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| 4.64 | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 4.64 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | rowspan="63" style="background-color:#e2e2e2"| | rowspan="31" style="background-color:#ffe2e2"| | rowspan="15" style="background-color:#ffffe2"| | rowspan="7" style="background-color:#e2ffe2"| | rowspan="3" style="background-color:#e2ffff"| | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 4.70 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| 4.75 | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 4.75 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 4.81 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2ffff"| 4.87 | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| 4.87 | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 4.87 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | rowspan="3" style="background-color:#e2ffff"| | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 4.93 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| 4.99 | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 4.99 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 5.05 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2ffe2"| 5.1 | style="background-color:#e2ffff"| 5.11 | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| 5.11 | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 5.11 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | rowspan="7" style="background-color:#e2ffe2"| | rowspan="3" style="background-color:#e2ffff"| | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 5.17 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| 5.23 | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 5.23 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 5.30 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2ffff"| 5.36 | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| 5.36 | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 5.36 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | rowspan="3" style="background-color:#e2ffff"| | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 5.42 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| 5.49 | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 5.49 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 5.56 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#ffffe2"| 5.6 | style="background-color:#e2ffe2"| 5.6 | style="background-color:#e2ffff"| 5.62 | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| 5.62 | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 5.62 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | rowspan="15" style="background-color:#ffffe2"| | rowspan="7" style="background-color:#e2ffe2"| | rowspan="3" style="background-color:#e2ffff"| | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 5.69 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| 5.76 | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 5.76 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 5.83 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2ffff"| 5.90 | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| 5.90 | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 5.90 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | rowspan="3" style="background-color:#e2ffff"| | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 5.97 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| 6.04 | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 6.04 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 6.12 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2ffe2"| 6.2 | style="background-color:#e2ffff"| 6.19 | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| 6.19 | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 6.19 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | rowspan="7" style="background-color:#e2ffe2"| | rowspan="3" style="background-color:#e2ffff"| | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 6.26 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| 6.34 | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 6.34 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 6.42 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2ffff"| 6.49 | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| 6.49 | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 6.49 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | rowspan="3" style="background-color:#e2ffff"| | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 6.57 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| 6.65 | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 6.65 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 6.73 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#ffe2e2"| 6.8 | style="background-color:#ffffe2"| 6.8 | style="background-color:#e2ffe2"| 6.8 | style="background-color:#e2ffff"| 6.81 | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| 6.81 | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 6.81 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | rowspan="31" style="background-color:#ffe2e2"| | rowspan="15" style="background-color:#ffffe2"| | rowspan="7" style="background-color:#e2ffe2"| | rowspan="3" style="background-color:#e2ffff"| | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 6.90 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| 6.98 | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 6.98 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 7.06 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2ffff"| 7.15 | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| 7.15 | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 7.15 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | rowspan="3" style="background-color:#e2ffff"| | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 7.23 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| 7.32 | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 7.32 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 7.41 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2ffe2"| 7.5 | style="background-color:#e2ffff"| 7.50 | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| 7.50 | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 7.50 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | rowspan="7" style="background-color:#e2ffe2"| | rowspan="3" style="background-color:#e2ffff"| | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 7.59 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| 7.68 | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 7.68 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 7.77 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2ffff"| 7.87 | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| 7.87 | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 7.87 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | rowspan="3" style="background-color:#e2ffff"| | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 7.96 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| 8.06 | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 8.06 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 8.16 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#ffffe2"| 8.2 | style="background-color:#e2ffe2"| 8.2 | style="background-color:#e2ffff"| 8.25 | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| 8.25 | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 8.25 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | rowspan="15" style="background-color:#ffffe2"| | rowspan="7" style="background-color:#e2ffe2"| | rowspan="3" style="background-color:#e2ffff"| | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 8.35 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| 8.45 | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 8.45 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 8.56 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2ffff"| 8.66 | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| 8.66 | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 8.66 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | rowspan="3" style="background-color:#e2ffff"| | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 8.76 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| 8.87 | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 8.87 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 8.98 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2ffe2"| 9.1 | style="background-color:#e2ffff"| 9.09 | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| 9.09 | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 9.09 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | rowspan="7" style="background-color:#e2ffe2"| | rowspan="3" style="background-color:#e2ffff"| | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 9.20 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| 9.31 | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 9.31 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 9.42 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2ffff"| 9.53 | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| 9.53 | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 9.53 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | rowspan="3" style="background-color:#e2ffff"| | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 9.65 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| 9.76 | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 9.76 |- style="vertical-align: top;" | style="background-color:#e2e2ff"| | style="background-color:#ffe2ff"| 9.88 |} |}

==See also== * Electronic color code{{dash}}color-code used to indicate the values of axial electronic components, such as resistors, capacitors, inductors, diodes (also see IEC 60062) * Geometric progression * Preferred number * Renard series{{dash}}used for current rating of electric fuses * Three-character marking code for resistors{{dash}}for (E48/)E96 values (see EIA-96 and IEC 60062:2016) * Two-character marking code for capacitors{{dash}}for (E3/E6/E12/)E24 values (see ANSI/EIA-198-D:1991, ANSI/EIA-198-1-E:1998, ANSI/EIA-198-1-F:2002 and IEC 60062:2016/AMD1:2019) * {{Annotated link|Reference designator}}

==Notes== {{Reflist|group="nb"|refs= {{r|group="nb"|name="NB_E1"|r=Some part vendors also list an "E1 series" (with only the value "1").<ref name="Walsin_2018_E1"/><ref name="KiCad_2020"/> However, this does not appear to have been standardized in any version of the IEC standard.}} }}

==References== {{Reflist|refs=

<ref name="Walsin_2018_E1">{{cite book |title=Chip Resistors – Product catalog |date=August 2018 |publisher=Passive System Alliance (PSA) / Walsin Technology Corp. |page=2 |url=http://www.passivecomponent.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/chipR.pdf |access-date=2019-03-23 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200104000602/http://www.passivecomponent.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/chipR.pdf |archive-date=2020-01-04 |quote=[…] E1 series resistance: 1 Ω, 10 Ω, 100 Ω, 1000 Ω, 10000 Ω, 100000 Ω […]}}</ref>

<ref name="AlliedRadio_1930_1">{{cite book |title=Catalog – Capacitors (Condensers) |date=1930 |publisher=Allied Radio |page=139 |url=http://www.alliedcatalogs.com/html/catalogs_additional/1930/hr139.html |access-date=2017-07-11 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170711160331/http://www.alliedcatalogs.com/html/catalogs_additional/1930/hr139.html |archive-date=2017-07-11}}</ref>

<ref name="AlliedRadio_1930_2">{{cite book |title=Catalog – Resistors |date=1930 |publisher=Allied Radio |page=141 |url=http://www.alliedcatalogs.com/html/catalogs_additional/1930/hr141.html |access-date=2017-07-11 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170711160506/http://www.alliedcatalogs.com/html/catalogs_additional/1930/hr141.html |archive-date=2017-07-11}}</ref>

<ref name="RadioShack_1940_1">{{cite web |title=Catalog – Capacitors (Condensers) |date=1940 |publisher=RadioShack |page=54 |url=http://www.radioshackcatalogs.com/html/1940/hr054.html |access-date=2017-07-11 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170711160428/http://www.radioshackcatalogs.com/html/1940/hr054.html |archive-date=2017-07-11}}</ref>

<ref name="RadioShack_1940_2">{{cite web |title=Catalog – Resistors |date=1940 |page=60 |publisher=RadioShack |url=http://www.radioshackcatalogs.com/html/1940/hr060.html |access-date=2017-07-11 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170711160604/http://www.radioshackcatalogs.com/html/1940/hr060.html |archive-date=2017-07-11}}</ref>

<ref name="Jameco_2017">{{cite book |title=Catalog – Passives |date=2017 |publisher=Jameco Electronics |pages=29–41 |url=https://www.jameco.com/Jameco/catalogs/c171/Passives.pdf |access-date=2017-07-11 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170711161740/https://www.jameco.com/Jameco/catalogs/c171/Passives.pdf |archive-date=2017-07-11}}</ref>

<ref name="IEC_60063_1952">{{cite book |title=IEC 60063:1952 – Series of preferred values and their associated tolerances for resistors and capacitors |date=2007 |orig-date=1952-01-01 |edition=1.0 |publisher=International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) |url=https://webstore.iec.ch/publication/12583 |access-date=11 July 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171101160911/https://webstore.iec.ch/webstore/webstore.nsf/xpPublication.xsp?Open&pubid=12583&test&SessionID=EV3AV7TCL8 |archive-date=2017-11-01}}</ref>

<ref name="IEC_60063_1963">{{cite book |title=IEC 60063:1963 – Preferred number series for resistors and capacitors – Amended in accordance with Amendments 1 (1967) and 2 (1977) |date=2007 |orig-date=1977, 1967, 1963-01-01 |publisher=International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) |edition=2.0 |isbn=978-2-8318-0027-1 |url=https://webstore.iec.ch/publication/486 |access-date=2017-07-11 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171101160856/https://webstore.iec.ch/webstore/webstore.nsf/xpPublication.xsp?Open&pubid=486&test&SessionID=EV36GP7SQZ |archive-date=2017-11-01 |quote=[…] During the discussions of IEC Technical Committee 12: Radio-communication, at the meeting in Stockholm in 1948, it was […] agreed that one of the most urgent items for international standardization was the series of preferred values for resistors and for capacitors up to 0,1 μF. It would have been desirable to standardize for these series the <math>\sqrt[10]{10}\!\,</math>-system, but […] in several countries the <math>\sqrt[12]{10}\!\,</math>-system had been adopted […] because of standardization of tolerances at 5, 10 and 20%. As it was not practicable to change the commercial practice in these countries, the <math>\sqrt[12]{10}\!\,</math>-system was adopted. The Committee expressed regret that […] it was necessary to recommend the <math>\sqrt[12]{10}\!\,</math>-system, although it would have been more consistent with ISO practice to use the <math>\sqrt[10]{10}\!\,</math>-system. The proposal for the series E6, E12 and E24 of preferred values was accepted in Paris in 1950 and subsequently published […] In 1957, the British National Committee came forward with a proposal for E48 and E96 series […] as an extension […] discussed in Zürich in 1957 and Stockholm in 1958 […] at The Hague in September 1959 […] in Ulm at […] October 1959 […] for approval under the Six Months' Rule in March 1960 […] it was decided […] in Nice in 1962 that these series should be published […]}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20171101225849/https://webstore.iec.ch/p-preview/info_iec60063%7Bed2.0%7Db.pdf]</ref>

<ref name="IEC_60063_2015">{{cite book |title=IEC 60063:2015 – Preferred number series for resistors and capacitors |date=2015-03-27 |edition=3.0 |isbn=978-2-8322-2427-4 |publisher=International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) |url=https://webstore.iec.ch/publication/22011 |access-date=2017-07-11 |url-status=live |archive-date=2017-07-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170711101632/https://webstore.iec.ch/publication/22011}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20171101230042/https://webstore.iec.ch/preview/info_iec60063%7Bed3.0%7Db.pdf]</ref>

<ref name="Bourns_2017">{{cite web |title=Standard Values Used in Capacitors, Inductors, and Resistors |date=2017 |url=http://www.bourns.com/support/technical-articles/standard-values-used-in-capacitors-inductors-and-resistors |publisher=Bourns |access-date=2017-07-11 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170711130808/http://www.bourns.com/support/technical-articles/standard-values-used-in-capacitors-inductors-and-resistors |archive-date=2017-07-11}}</ref>

<ref name="Vishay_2017_Thick">{{cite web |title=D/CRCW e3 – Standard Thick Film Chip Resistors – Datasheet |date=2017 |url=http://www.vishay.com/docs/20035/dcrcwe3.pdf |publisher=Vishay Intertechnology |access-date=2017-07-11 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170711163408/http://www.vishay.com/docs/20035/dcrcwe3.pdf |archive-date=2017-07-11}}</ref>

<ref name="Vishay_2017_Thin">{{cite web |title=TNPW e3 – High Stability Thin Film Flat Chip Resistors – Datasheet |date=2017 |url=http://www.mouser.com/ds/2/427/tnpw_e3-64594.pdf |publisher=Vishay Intertechnology |access-date=2017-07-11 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170711163418/http://www.mouser.com/ds/2/427/tnpw_e3-64594.pdf |archive-date=2017-07-11}}</ref>

<ref name="FTRC_1943">{{cite book |title=Reference Data for Radio Engineers |editor-first1=Harold H. |editor-last1=Buttner |editor-first2=H. T. |editor-last2=Kohlhaas |publisher=Federal Telephone and Radio Corporation (FTR) |edition=1 |date=1943 |pages=37–38 |url=https://worldradiohistory.com/BOOKSHELF-ARH/Handbooks/Federal-Reference-Data-Radio-Engineers-1st-1943.pdf |access-date=2021-09-08 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220324122028/https://worldradiohistory.com/BOOKSHELF-ARH/Handbooks/Federal-Reference-Data-Radio-Engineers-1st-1943.pdf |archive-date=2022-03-24}} (NB. This 1943 publication already shows a list of new "preferred values of resistance" following what was adopted by the IEC for standardization since 1948 and later standardized in IEC 63:1952. For comparison, it also lists "old standard resistance values" as follows: 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 600, 750, 1 k, 1.2 k, 1.5 k, 2 k, 2.5 k, 3 k, 3.5 k, 4 k, 5 k, 7.5 k, 10 k, 12 k, 15 k, 20 k, 25 k, 30 k, 40 k, 50 k, 60 k, 75 k, 100 k, 120 k, 150 k, 200 k, 250 k, 300 k, 400 k, 500 k, 600 k, 750 k, 1 Meg, 1.5 Meg, 2.0 Meg, 3.0 Meg, 4.0 Meg, 5.0 Meg, 6.0 Meg, 7.0 Meg, 8.0 Meg, 9.0 Meg, 10.00 Meg.)</ref>

<ref name="FTRC_1946">{{cite book |title=Reference Data for Radio Engineers |editor-first1=Harold H. |editor-last1=Buttner |editor-first2=H. T. |editor-last2=Kohlhaas |editor-first3=F. J. |editor-last3=Mann |publisher=Federal Telephone and Radio Corporation (FTR) |edition=2 |date=1946 |pages=53–54 |url=http://www.tubebooks.org/Books/FTR_ref_data.pdf |access-date=2020-01-03 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180516201551/http://www.tubebooks.org/Books/FTR_ref_data.pdf |archive-date=2018-05-16}}</ref>

<ref name="Dyck_1951">{{cite journal |author-first=Arthur F. |author-last=Van Dyck |title=Preferred Numbers |journal=Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers |volume=39 |issue=2 |orig-date=February 1951 |date=March 1951 |page=115 |issn=0096-8390 |doi=10.1109/JRPROC.1951.230759 |publisher=Institute of Radio Engineers (IRE) |quote=[…] For example, some years ago, the Radio-Television Manufacturers Association found it desirable to standardize the values of resistors. The ASA Preferred Numbers Standard was considered, but judged not to suit the manufacturing conditions and the buying practices of the resistor field at the moment, whereas a special series of numbers suited better. The special series was adopted and, since it was an official RTMA list, it has been used by later RTMA committees for other applications than resistors, although adopted originally because of seeming advantages for resistors. Ironically, the original advantages have largely disappeared through changes in resistor manufacturing conditions. But the irregular standard remains... […]}}</ref>

<ref name="Blackburn_1949">{{cite book |title=Components Handbook |author-first=John F. |author-last=Blackburn |series=MIT Radiation Laboratory Series |volume=17 |publisher=McGraw-Hill |date=1949 |page=38 |url=https://archive.org/details/mit-rad-lab-series-version-3/17%20-%20Components%20Handbook/page/38/mode/2up}}</ref>

<ref name="KiCad_2020">{{cite web |title=eseries.h |date=2020 |work=KiCad |url=https://gitlab.com/kicad/code/kicad/-/blob/master/pcb_calculator/eseries.h?ref_type=heads |access-date=2024-04-30 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240430174836/https://gitlab.com/kicad/code/kicad/-/blob/master/pcb_calculator/eseries.h?ref_type=heads |archive-date=2024-04-30 |quote=[…] E1 is not in the IEC standard. […]}} (NB. KiCad's Calculator Tool supports the E1 series since 2020.)</ref>

<ref name="Rohm_2024">{{cite book |title=Resistor: List of Nominal Resistance Values |publisher=ROHM Co., Ltd. |type=Application Note |id=No. 67AN061E Rev.001 |date=December 2024 |url=https://fscdn.rohm.com/en/products/databook/applinote/passive/resistor/common/list_of_nominal_resistance_values_an-e.pdf |access-date=2025-03-17 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250317215800/https://fscdn.rohm.com/en/products/databook/applinote/passive/resistor/common/list_of_nominal_resistance_values_an-e.pdf |archive-date=2025-03-17}} (12 pages)</ref>

}}

==External links== {{Commonscat|E12 values}} * {{OEIS el|A072198|E12}} * {{OEIS el|A072554|E24}} '''Printable E series tables''' * [https://web.archive.org/web/20171107221338/https://servenger.com/Resources/Standard_Resistor_Values.pdf E6 to E96 Table] – Servenger * [https://www.vishay.com/docs/28372/e-series.pdf E3 to E192 Table] – Vishay

Category:Electrical components Category:Numbers Category:Industrial design Category:Logarithmic scales of measurement

es:Números_preferentes#Condensadores_y_resistencias