IC 860

{{Short description|Galaxy in the constellation of Coma Berenices}} {{Infobox galaxy|name=[[Index Catalogue|IC]] 860|image=File:IC860 - SDSS DR14.jpg|caption=[[Sloan Digital Sky Survey|SDSS]] image of IC 860|epoch=[[J2000]]|constellation name=[[Coma Berenices]]|ra={{RA|13|15|03.50}}|dec={{DEC|+24|37|07.79}}|z=0.012909|h_radial_v=3,870 [[kilometer per second|km/s]]|dist_ly=155 [[light years|Mly]] (47.52 [[Megaparsecs|Mpc]])|appmag_v=0.044|appmag_b=0.057|type=Sa, HII;LIRG|size=35,000 [[light years|ly]]|size_v=0.5' × 0.3'|names=[[Catalogue of Galaxies and of Clusters of Galaxies|CGCG]] 130-023, [[IRAS]] 13126+2452, ECO 03976, [[Morphological Catalogue of Galaxies|MCG]] +04-31-015, [[Principal Galaxies Catalogue|PGC]] 46086|notes=[[luminous infrared galaxy]]}}

'''IC 860''' is a [[barred spiral galaxy]] in the constellation of [[Coma Berenices]]. It is located 155 million [[Light-year|light years]] away from [[Earth]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Your NED Search Results |url=https://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/objsearch?search_type=Obj_id&objid=33643&objname=1&img_stamp=YES&hconst=73.0&omegam=0.27&omegav=0.73&corr_z=1 |access-date=21 September 2024 |website=ned.ipac.caltech.edu}}</ref> It was discovered on June 16, 1892, by [[Stéphane Javelle|Stephan Javelle]], a French [[astronomer]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Index Catalog Objects: IC 850 - 899 |url=https://cseligman.com/text/atlas/ic8a.htm#ic860 |access-date=21 September 2024 |website=cseligman.com}}</ref> It is a peculiar galaxy.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Kazes |first1=I. |last2=Karoji |first2=H. |last3=Sofue |first3=Y. |last4=Nakai |first4=N. |last5=Handa |first5=T. |date=1988-05-01 |title=A most peculiar galaxy : IC 860. |url=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1988A&A...197L..22K/abstract |journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics |volume=197 |pages=L22–L24 |bibcode=1988A&A...197L..22K |issn=0004-6361}}</ref>

IC 860 is classified a nearby post-[[starburst galaxy]], in early stages of transforming into its quiescent state.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Luo |first1=Yuanze |last2=Rowlands |first2=Kate |last3=Alatalo |first3=Katherine |last4=Sazonova |first4=Elizaveta |last5=Abdurro'uf |last6=Heckman |first6=Timothy |last7=Medling |first7=Anne M. |last8=Deustua |first8=Susana E. |last9=Nyland |first9=Kristina |last10=Lanz |first10=Lauranne |last11=Petric |first11=Andreea O. |last12=Otter |first12=Justin A. |last13=Aalto |first13=Susanne |last14=Dimassimo |first14=Sabrina |last15=French |first15=K. Decker |date=2022-10-01 |title=A Multiwavelength View of IC 860: What Is in Action inside Quenching Galaxies |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |volume=938 |issue=1 |pages=63 |doi=10.3847/1538-4357/ac8b7d |doi-access=free |arxiv=2208.08379 |bibcode=2022ApJ...938...63L |issn=0004-637X}}</ref> It is also vibrationally excited HCN [[luminous infrared galaxy]] (LIRG) with LHCN -VIB/LIR of 3.2 × 10−8. It has a dust obscured nucleus making it hard to determine whether it is a [[starburst galaxy]] or an [[active galactic nucleus]] (AGN).<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Gorski |first1=M. D. |last2=Aalto |first2=S. |last3=König |first3=S. |last4=Wethers |first4=C. |last5=Yang |first5=C. |last6=Muller |first6=S. |last7=Viti |first7=S.|author7-link=Serena Viti |last8=Black |first8=J. H. |last9=Onishi |first9=K. |last10=Sato |first10=M. |date=February 2023 |title=The opaque heart of the galaxy IC 860: Analogous protostellar, kinematics, morphology, and chemistry |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202245166 |journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics |volume=670 |pages=A70 |doi=10.1051/0004-6361/202245166 |arxiv=2210.04499 |bibcode=2023A&A...670A..70G |hdl=1887/3717999 |issn=0004-6361}}</ref> In additional, the galaxy contains HI and OH absorption towards its central region. The galaxy has an implied mass of MSMBH of 4 × 107 MΘ based on its velocity [[rotation]] of vrot = 226 km s−1. The [[Eddington luminosity]] of IC 860 is 2 × 1012 LΘ.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last1=Aalto |first1=S. |last2=Muller |first2=S. |last3=König |first3=S. |last4=Falstad |first4=N. |last5=Mangum |first5=J. |last6=Sakamoto |first6=K. |last7=Privon |first7=G. C. |last8=Gallagher |first8=J. |last9=Combes |first9=F. |last10=García-Burillo |first10=S. |last11=Martín |first11=S. |last12=Viti |first12=S.|author12-link=Serena Viti |last13=van der Werf |first13=P. |last14=Evans |first14=A. S. |last15=Black |first15=J. H. |date=July 2019 |title=The hidden heart of the luminous infrared galaxy IC 860 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201935480 |journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics |volume=627 |pages=A147 |doi=10.1051/0004-6361/201935480 |issn=0004-6361|arxiv=1905.07275 }}</ref>

According to low [C II] 157.7 μm-to-LFIR ratios and by a mid-infrared [[silicate]] absorption, the findings suggest IC 860 does have a warm compact region. The region of the galaxy, is in a current phase of rapid evolution where inflows are accumulating column [[Density|densities]] of [[Cosmic dust|interstellar dust]] and gas, sufficient to fuel its [[star formation]] or its AGN.<ref name=":0" />

IC 860 was also observed in optical imaging. From the results, the galaxy has a massive V-shaped [[Parsec|kiloparsec]] dust structure. As the nuclear gas only has an outflow [[velocity]] of vout = 170 – 200 km s−1, this makes it impossible to escape from the galaxy unless being accelerated.<ref name=":0" />

In another study, IC 860 contains 4.83 GHz [[formaldehyde]] emission with a peak [[flux]] density of 2.0-2.2 [[Jansky|mJy]] based from observations made by [[Arecibo Observatory]]. It is found to have three unique emission compartments centered between 3830 and 3990 km s−1.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Baan |first1=Willem A. |last2=An |first2=Tao |last3=Klöckner |first3=Hans-Rainer |last4=Thomasson |first4=Peter |date=2017-04-17 |title=The emission structure of formaldehyde megamasers |journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |volume=469 |issue=1 |pages=916–929 |doi=10.1093/mnras/stx895 |doi-access=free |issn=0035-8711|arxiv=1704.07337 }}</ref>

== References == <references />

[[Category:IC objects|0860]] [[Category:Coma Berenices]] [[Category:Principal Galaxies Catalogue objects|046086]] [[Category:IRAS catalogue objects|13126+2452]] [[Category:MCG objects|+04-31-015]] [[Category:Active galaxies]] [[Category:Starburst galaxies]] [[Category:Luminous infrared galaxies]] [[Category:Astronomical objects discovered in 1891]] [[Category:Barred spiral galaxies]]