IC 4051

{{Short description|Galaxy in the constellation Coma Berenices}} {{Infobox galaxy | name = IC 4051 | image = File:IC 4051 JWST NIRCam F356W.png | image_scale = 1.5 | caption = [[James Webb Space Telescope]] image of IC 4051 | alt = <!-- alternative description when image is not visible --> | epoch = J2000 | pronounce = | constellation name = [[Coma Berenices]] | ra = {{RA|13|00|54.463}}<ref name=GaiaEDR3/> | dec = {{DEC|+28|00|27.50}}<ref name=GaiaEDR3/> | z = 0.011071{{±|0.00003}}<ref name=Côté_et_al_1997/> | h_radial_v = {{val|3286|u=km/s|fmt=commas}}<ref name=Tully_2015/> | gal_v = <!--Galactocentric velocity (in km/s) --> | dist_pc = | dist_ly = {{cvt|100|Mpc|Mly|order=flip|lk=on}}<ref name=Hammer_et_al_2010/> | group_cluster = [[Coma Cluster]]<ref name=Baum_et_al_1997/> | type = E2<ref name=Baum_et_al_1997/> | mass = <!-- In solar masses {{Val|0|e=0}} --> | mass_light_ratio = <!-- In solar units --> | size = <!-- In light years --> | stars = <!-- Estimate of the number of stars, usually in terms of the combined stellar mass: {{Val|#.#|e=#|ul=Solar mass}} --> | appmag_v = 13.2<ref name=Baum_et_al_1997/> | appmag_b = 14.17<ref name=Hempel_et_al_2005/> | absmag_v = {{val|-21.62|0.35}}<ref name=Hempel_et_al_2005/> | mag_j = <!-- IR magnitude in J Band --> | mag_h = <!-- IR magnitude in H Band --> | mag_k = <!-- IR magnitude in K Band --> | sbrightness = <!-- Surface brightness per angular area, usually in mag/arcsec^2 --> | size_v = <!-- Angular dimensions in the V band. Give units. {{Val|0.0|×|0.0|u=arcminute}} --> | half_light_radius_pc = <!-- physical dimension, pc preferred --> | half_light_radius_arcminsec = <!-- apparent dimension --> | h1_scale_length_pc = <!-- physical dimension, pc preferred --> | h1_scale_length_arcminsec = <!-- apparent dimension --> | xray_radius_pc = <!-- physical dimension, pc preferred --> | xray_radius_arcminsec = <!-- apparent dimension --> | notes = <!-- Unique features --> | names = {{odlist | PGC= | UGC= | MCG=-04-35-009 | LEDA=52810 | IC=4501 }}<ref name=SIMBAD/> | references = <!-- Use inline references where available --> }} '''IC 4051''' is a large [[elliptical galaxy]]<ref name=Woodworth_Harris_2000/> in the northern [[constellation]] of [[Coma Berenices]]. It was discovered by the French astronomer [[Guillaume Bigourdan]] on April 12, 1891.<ref name=CSeligman/> This object is located {{val|14|ul=arcminute}} east of the core of the large [[Coma Cluster]] of galaxies,<ref name=Baum_et_al_1997/><ref name=Marín-Franch_Aparicio_2002/> at a distance of {{convert|100|Mpc|e6ly|order=flip|lk=on|abbr=out}} from the [[Milky Way]].<ref name=Hammer_et_al_2010/> With a combined [[apparent visual magnitude]] of 13.20, it is the fifth brightest galaxy within a degree of the cluster core.<ref name=Woodworth_Harris_2000/> The galaxy displays a significant [[radial velocity]] difference from the cluster as a whole, indicating that it may oscillate back-and-forth through the cluster and is now passing through the more dense core at high velocity.<ref name=Woodworth_Harris_2000/>

The [[Galaxy morphological classification|morphological classification]] of IC 4051 is E2, indicating a slightly oval-shaped elliptical galaxy. The structure of the galaxy is relatively compact, suggesting it has undergone tidal trimming of its [[Galactic halo|halo]] from the surrounding galaxy cluster.<ref name=Woodworth_Harris_2000/> It has a peculiar core that is counter-rotating with respect to the galaxy as a whole. This core region extends out to an [[angular radius]] of {{val|4|ul=arcsecond}}, which corresponds to a physical radius of about {{convert|2.7|kpc|ly|order=flip|abbr=out}}. This star population is old and [[metallicity|metal-rich]], but contributes only 1% of the total galactic luminosity.<ref name=Mehlert_et_al_1998/>

IC 4051 has an unusually large population of [[globular cluster]]s, comparable to a [[Type-cD galaxy]]. Most of these clusters appear metal-rich. The evolutionary picture of this galaxy suggests that it was stripped of most of its gas after the globular cluster population was formed in situ, with the gas being carried away during the early passages through the cluster core.<ref name=Woodworth_Harris_2000/> Metal-rich globulars are found within about {{convert|10|kpc|ly|order=flip|abbr=out}} of the galactic center, while the metal-poor globulars are found further out in a halo orbiting the galaxy.<ref name=Hempel_et_al_2005/>

'''SN 1950A''' was a [[Type I supernova]] event that was discovered by [[Milton L. Humason|M. L. Humason]] from [[photographic plate]]s taken March 20 and April 11, 1950. It was positioned {{val|13.0|u=arcsecond}} North and {{val|1.5|u=arcsecond}} West of the galactic center of IC 4051. The event was at magnitude {{val|17.7|0.1}} on March 20.<ref name=Humason_1950/><ref name=Barbon_1978/>

==References== <references>

<ref name=SIMBAD>{{cite simbad | title=IC 4051 | accessdate=2025-01-15 }}</ref>

<ref name=Marín-Franch_Aparicio_2002>{{citation | postscript=. | title=Globular Cluster Systems in Elliptical Galaxies of Coma | last1=Marín-Franch | first1=A. | last2=Aparicio | first2=A. | journal=The Astrophysical Journal | volume=568 | issue=1 | pages=174–189 | date=March 2002 | doi=10.1086/338839 | arxiv=astro-ph/0112209 | bibcode=2002ApJ...568..174M }}</ref>

<ref name=GaiaEDR3>{{Cite Gaia EDR3|1460799848604514304}}</ref>

<ref name=Tully_2015>{{citation | postscript=. | title=Galaxy groups: a 2MASS catalog | last=Tully | first=R. Brent | journal=The Astronomical Journal | volume=149 | issue=5 | date=April 28, 2015 | page=171 | issn=1538-3881 | doi=10.1088/0004-6256/149/5/171 | arxiv=1503.03134 | bibcode=2015AJ....149..171T }}</ref>

<ref name=Côté_et_al_1997>{{citation | postscript=. | title=Discovery of Numerous Dwarf Galaxies in the Two Nearest Groups of Galaxies | first1=S. | last1=Côté | first2=K. C. | last2=Freeman | first3=C. | last3=Carigan | first4=P. J. | last4=Quinn | display-authors=1 | journal=Astronomical Journal | year=1997 | volume=114 | pages=1313 | bibcode=1997AJ....114.1313C | doi=10.1086/118565 | arxiv=astro-ph/9704030 | s2cid=119495338 }}</ref>

<ref name=Baum_et_al_1997>{{citation | postscript=. | title=Distance to the Coma Cluster and a Value for HO Inferred from Globular Clusters in IC 4051 | display-authors=1 | last1=Baum | first1=William A. | last2=Hammergren | first2=Mark | last3=Thomsen | first3=Bjarne | last4=Groth | first4=Edward J. | last5=Faber | first5=Sandra M. | last6=Grillmair | first6=Carl J. | last7=Ajhar | first7=Edward A. | journal=Astronomical Journal | volume=113 | page=1483 | date=May 1997 | doi=10.1086/118365 | bibcode=1997AJ....113.1483B }}</ref>

<ref name=Mehlert_et_al_1998>{{citation | postscript=. | title=The kinematically peculiar cores of the Coma cluster early-type galaxies NGC 4816 and IC 4051 | last1=Mehlert | first1=D. | last2=Saglia | first2=R. P. | last3=Bender | first3=R. | last4=Wegner | first4=G. | display-authors=1 | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics | volume=332 | pages=33–45 | date=April 1998 | arxiv=astro-ph/9712176 | bibcode=1998A&A...332...33M }}</ref>

<ref name=Woodworth_Harris_2000>{{citation | postscript=. | title=The Globular Cluster Systems in the Coma Ellipticals. III. The Unique Case of IC 4051 | last1=Woodworth | first1=Sean C. | last2=Harris | first2=William E. | journal=The Astronomical Journal | volume=119 | issue=6 | pages=2699–2710 | date=June 2000 | doi=10.1086/301400 | arxiv=astro-ph/0002292 | bibcode=2000AJ....119.2699W }}</ref>

<ref name=Hempel_et_al_2005>{{citation | postscript=. | title=Extragalactic globular clusters in the near-infrared. V. IC 4051 and NGC 3311 | last1=Hempel | first1=M. | last2=Geisler | first2=D. | last3=Hoard | first3=D. W. | last4=Harris | first4=W. E. | display-authors=1 | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics | volume=439 | issue=1 | date=August 2005 | pages=59–73 | doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20041857 | arxiv=astro-ph/0505104 | bibcode=2005A&A...439...59H }}</ref>

<ref name=Hammer_et_al_2010>{{citation | postscript=. | title=Deep GALEX Observations of the Coma Cluster: Source Catalog and Galaxy Counts | last1=Hammer | first1=D. | last2=Hornschemeier | first2=A. E. | last3=Mobasher | first3=B. | last4=Miller | first4=N. | last5=Smith | first5=R. | last6=Arnouts | first6=S. | last7=Milliard | first7=B. | last8=Jenkins | first8=L. | display-authors=1 | journal=The Astrophysical Journal Supplement | volume=190 | issue=1 | pages=43–57 | date=September 2010 | doi=10.1088/0067-0049/190/1/43 | arxiv=1004.2498 | bibcode=2010ApJS..190...43H }}</ref>

<ref name=Barbon_1978>{{citation | postscript=. | title=Supernovae in the Coma cluster of galaxies | last=Barbon | first=R. | journal=Astronomical Journal | volume=83 | pages=13–19 | date=January 1978 | doi=10.1086/112170 | bibcode=1978AJ.....83...13B }}</ref>

<ref name=Humason_1950>{{citation | postscript=. | title=Novae in Two Extragalactic Nebulae | last=Humason | first=Milton L. | journal=Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific | volume=62 | issue=365 | page=116 | date=June 1950 | doi=10.1086/126248 | bibcode=1950PASP...62..116H }}</ref>

<ref name=CSeligman>{{citation | postscript=. | title=IC Objects: IC 4050 - 4099 | first=Courtney | last=Seligman | work=Celestial Atlas | url=https://cseligman.com/text/atlas/ic40a.htm#ic4051 | access-date=2025-01-16 }}</ref>

</references>

{{Coma Berenices}}

[[Category:Elliptical galaxies]] [[Category:IC objects|4051]] [[Category:Coma Berenices]] [[Category:Discoveries by Guillaume Bigourdan]]