{{Short description|Ultralight aircraft manufactured in Italy}} <!-- This article is a part of [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft]]. Please see [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft/page content]] for recommended layout. --> {{Infobox aircraft | name = Savannah | logo = | logo_size = | image = SavannahS.jpg | alt = | caption = | long_caption = | other_names = | aircraft_type = Two seat [[ultralight]] | aim = | outcome = | related = | national_origin = [[Italy]] | manufacturer = [[ICP srl]], [[Castelnuovo don Bosco]] | design_group = | designer = | builder = | issuer = | status = in production | owners = | primary_user = | more_users = | service = | major_applications = | proposals = | prototypes = | number_built = about 2000 | construction_number = | civil_registration = | military_serial = | radio_code = | requirement = | aircraft_carried = | flights = | total_hours = | total_distance = | construction_date = | introduction = | retired = | first_flight = | initiated = | in_service = | last_flight = | expected = | developed_from = | variants = | developed_into = | preservation = | fate = | predecessors = | successors = | concluded = }} The '''ICP Savannah''' is a high-wing, single-engine, [[ultralight]] with side-by-side seating for two produced in [[Italy]] by [[ICP srl]]. It has sold in large numbers, particularly in [[Europe]]. The Savannah is in production, sold in both kit and ready-to-fly form.<ref name="WDLA11"/><ref name="WDLA15"/>
==Role== The Savannah is offered in ready-to-fly or kit form. It is commonly registered as a [[light-sport aircraft]] in the United States and as an [[ultralight]] in some other jurisdictions and is considered a microlight aircraft in New Zealand. Manufacture (both ready to fly and kits) is done in the ICP premises located in [[Castelnuovo Don Bosco]] ([[Piedmont]], [[Italy]]), where the firm moved on September 10, 2009<ref name="ICP new plant"/> from the original plant in [[Piovà Massaia]].
[[Zenith STOL CH 701]] designer, the late [[Chris Heintz (aeronautical engineer)|Chris Heintz]], considered the Savannah an unauthorized copy of his design.<ref name=Heintz/> Nevertheless, ICP and Zenair began a partnership in 2012 whereby ICP assembles the ready-to-fly version of the low wing Zenair 650Ei, an evolution of the [[AMD Zodiac]], for the European market.<ref name=Zenair/>
==Design== The Savannah is a two-seat aircraft of conventional configuration and metal semi-monocoque construction. The high wing is braced to the fuselage by V-struts. Most variants have a constant-chord wing with combined [[flaperons]]. Initial models were fitted with full-span [[leading edge slot]]s. The cabin seats two side by side under the wing. Aft, the fuselage is flat-sided, with the underside rising towards the tail. The rectangular tailplane and elevators, which use a conventional airfoil unlike that of the Zenith, are set at the top of the fuselage, with the rudder running between the elevators to the keel. Fin and rudder are straight-tapered and slightly swept.<ref name="JAWA10"/> The ICP factory may supply a rudder extension as an optional extra.
At the base of the wing support V-struts, the [[Aircraft fairing|spatted]] mainwheels of the [[tricycle undercarriage]] are mounted on cantilever legs.<ref name="JAWA10"/><ref name="JAWA00"/>The Savannah can be mounted on [[Kevlar]]/[[carbon fiber]] floats.<ref name="Skykits"/> An alternative floatplane version, using [[amphibious aircraft|amphibious]] floats, was called the '''Savannah Hydro'''.<ref name="JAWA10"/>
A variety of small engines in the 35–70 kW range have been fitted.
The Savannah Advanced has a shorter, tapered wing, with the wing slots replaced by [[vortex generators]]. The later XL version has a cabin with increased width and enhanced glazing.
==Operational history== Sales, beginning around 2000, had by 2010 reached 650 aircraft or kits. As of mid-2010 there have been about 513 Savannahs and Bingos on the registers of European countries west of Russia.<ref name="Ereg"/><ref name="CAA"/> Smaller numbers fly in North America, where the agents was Skykits Co.,<ref name="Skykits"/> replaced in 2011 by I.C.P. Aviation North America, LLC (ICPANA),<ref name="ICPANA"/> and elsewhere. In Australia and New Zealand, the 600 kg version of the Savannah XL and Savannah S are growing in popularity. As an example, as of March 2022 there are three types of Savannahs on the New Zealand aircraft register. This includes eight VG models, two XL models and 23 S models for a total of 33 Savannah aircraft.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aviation.govt.nz/aircraft/aircraft-statistics/aircraft-models/#ref-I|title=Aircraft statistics by model | aviation.govt.nz|website=www.aviation.govt.nz}}</ref> Currently, there are another seven S models under construction in New Zealand. In Australia, the best estimate is that there are in excess of 100 completed Savannahs flying; many more are under construction.{{citation needed|date=April 2018}}
It is expected that the total number of ICP aircraft (all models, mainly Savannah and Bingo) produced exceeded 2,000 units by the end of 2011.<ref name="Volare_328"/>
In 2008 an order from the [[Indian Air Force]] was expected.<ref name="JAWA10"/>
==Variants== [[File:ICP Savannah S, Private JP7224797.jpg|thumb|right|ICP Savannah]] ''Data from'' Jane's All the World's Aircraft 2010/11<ref name="JAWA10"/> ;Savannah MXP-740 "Classic" with leading edge slats :Introduced in 1997. Production of the "Classic" model has ceased because leading edge slats are inefficient due additional drag;<ref>{{cite web |title=The ICP Savannah |url=https://www.flightlineweekly.com/post/2017/07/30/the-icp-savannah |website=Flightline Weekly |access-date=11 December 2024 |date=29 July 2017}}</ref> this aircraft is no longer available from ICP. This leaves the following Savannah variants <ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.icpaviazione.it/?page_id=94&lang=en | title=I.C.P. Light aircraft: Airplanes models | ICP AVIAZIONE S.R.L. | access-date=2020-12-14 | archive-date=2020-12-05 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201205181714/http://www.icpaviazione.it/?page_id=94&lang=en | url-status=dead }}</ref> in production in December 2020: ;Bingo 503:37 kW (50 hp) two cylinder in line, two-stroke [[Rotax 503]] engine. ;Super Bingo:First flown 19 October 2001. 68 kW (92 hp) two cylinder in line, geared [[Simonini Victor 2]] engine. ;Bingo 4T:Introduced 2003. 45 kW (60 hp) two cylinder horizontally opposed four-stroke [[HKS 700E]] engine. ;[[ICP Vimana|Vimana]]:Introduced 2006. Current production, 2011. Optimised for [[STOL]] performance, with the Savannah ADV wing with double-slotted Fowler flaps, leading edge slats, single bracing struts and a slimmer fuselage. Powered by the {{convert|74|kW|hp|0|abbr=on}}) [[Rotax 912 ULS]] four-stroke engine. It is marketed in North America as the ''Rampage''.<ref name="WDLA11" /> ;Savannah ADV :Model with redesigned tapered wing of {{convert|8.00|m|ft|2|abbr=on}} span and {{convert|9.40|m2|sqft|2|abbr=on}} area, with full-span [[flaperon]]s. Top speed of {{convert|200|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}}<ref name="WDLA11" /><ref name="WDLA15"/> ;Savannah VG :Introduced 2004. This is essentially the "Classic" but with leading edge slats replaced by vortex generators and a slightly different wing profile introduced to gain a faster cruise with very little sacrifice to the stall speed which now 50 km/h (31 mph). Engine choices: 74 kW (99 hp) [[Rotax 912 ULS]] flat four; 60 kW (80 hp) [[Jabiru 2200]] flat four; or the 60 kW (80 hp) [[Suzuki G#G10|Suzuki G10]] three cylinder inline.<ref name="WDLA11" /> [[File:ICP Savannah (5718645886).jpg|right|thumb|Savannah XL]] ;Savannah XL :Introduced in 2009. As Savannah VG but with cabin width increased to 1,130 mm by bulged, transparent doors; a transparent cabin roof was also introduced for flight safety; this model received a windscreen with a more aerodynamic slope and revised cowling lines. The XL was the first to be installed with rudder pedals that can be adjusted up to 100 mm. The XL model is known in North America as the Savannah VGW.<ref name="WDLA15"/><ref name="Skykits"/> ;Savannah S :New model introduced in 2010, with rounded tail fuselage corners. The S is derived from XL (and therefore retains the 1,130 mm cabin width, fully transparent doors; the safer, transparent cabin roof, adjustable rudder pedals, the more aerodynamic, raked windscreen and the XL's integrated cowling lines). This model also does not have the 'corrugated' fuselage sides found on all the previous Savannah models.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.icpaviazione.it/?page_id=803&lang=en | title=I.C.P. Ultralight aircraft Savanna S | ICP AVIAZIONE S.R.L. }}{{Dead link|date=February 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref> The Savannah S is the flagship model of the range.<ref name="WDLA11" /> Engines used in the Savannah S model include the Austrian manufactured '''Rotax 912''',<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.rotax.com/en/products/rotax-powertrains/details/rotax-912-s-uls.html | title=Powertrains Detail }}</ref> the Honda-based '''Viking 130''' <ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.vikingaircraftengines.com/engine-options | title=What is a Viking Engine? }}</ref> and the Suzuki-based '''Aeromomentum AM13''' <ref>{{cite web|url=https://aeromomentum.com/am13.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220330011753/http://aeromomentum.com/am13.html|archive-date=2022-03-30|title=AEROMOMENTUM AM13 AIRCRAFT ENGINE|access-date=2020-04-19}}</ref> and '''AM15''' <ref>{{cite web|url=https://aeromomentum.com/am15.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220330011749/http://aeromomentum.com/am15.html|archive-date=2022-03-30|title=AEROMOMENTUM AM15 AIRCRAFT ENGINE|access-date=2021-09-09}}</ref> engines. '''Savannah T''' :[[Taildragger]] model, introduced in 2013.<ref name="WDLA15"/> <!-- ==Units using this aircraft/Operators (choose)== -->
==Specifications (XL - Jabiru engine)== {{Aircraft specs |ref=Jane's All the World's Aircraft 2010/11<ref name="JAWA10"/><!-- for giving the reference for the data --> |prime units?=met<!-- imp or kts first for US aircraft, and UK aircraft pre-metrification, met(ric) first for all others. You MUST choose a format, or no specifications will show --> <!-- General characteristics --> |genhide=
|crew=2 |capacity= |length m=6.60 |length ft= |length in= |length note= |span m=9.00 |span ft= |span in= |span note= |width m=<!-- if applicable --> |width ft=<!-- if applicable --> |width in=<!-- if applicable --> |width note= |height m=2.58 |height note = with optional rudder extension {{convert|2.88|m|abbr=on}} |height ft= |height in= |wing area sqm=12.87 |wing area sqft= |wing area note=gross |aspect ratio=<!-- give where relevant eg sailplanes --> |airfoil=NACA 65-018 (modified) |empty weight kg=286 |empty weight lb= |empty weight note= |gross weight kg= |gross weight lb= |gross weight note= |max takeoff weight kg=450 |max takeoff weight lb= |max takeoff weight note=European ultralight; experimental 560 kg (1,234 lb); Australian and New Zealand version 600 kg (1,323 lb). |fuel capacity=78 litres (20.6 US gal; 17.2 Imp gal). Australia and New Zealand version with standard long range tanks: capacity = 150 litres (39.6 US gal; 33.0 Imp gal). |more general= <!-- Powerplant --> |eng1 number=1 |eng1 name=[[Jabiru 2200]] |eng1 type=air cooled flat four |eng1 kw=60<!-- prop engines --> |eng1 hp=<!-- prop engines --> |eng1 note= |power original= 80 hp |more power=
|eng2 number=1 |eng2 name=[[Rotax 912 ULS]] |eng2 type=air partly water cooled, four cylinder |eng2 kw=73<!-- prop engines --> |eng2 hp=<!-- prop engines --> |eng2 note=
|prop blade number=<!-- propeller aircraft --> |prop name= |prop dia m=<!-- propeller aircraft --> |prop dia ft=<!-- propeller aircraft --> |prop dia in=<!-- propeller aircraft --> |prop note= <!-- Performance --> |perfhide=
|max speed kmh=198 |max speed mph= |max speed kts= 107 |max speed note= |cruise speed kmh=179 |cruise speed mph= |cruise speed kts= 97 |cruise speed note=at 75% power |stall speed mph=<!-- aerobatic --> |stall speed kts= 26 <!-- aerobatic --> |stall speed note=full flaps |never exceed speed kmh= 230 |never exceed speed mph=|never exceed speed kts= 124 |never exceed speed note= |minimum control speed kmh= |minimum control speed mph= |minimum control speed kts= |minimum control speed note= |range km= |range miles= |range nmi= |range note= |combat range km= |combat range miles= |combat range nmi= |combat range note= |ferry range km= |ferry range miles= |ferry range nmi= |ferry range note= |endurance=4 h with standard tanks<!-- if range unknown --> 8 h with long range tanks |ceiling m= |ceiling ft= |ceiling note= |g limits=+6/-3<!-- aerobatic --> |roll rate=<!-- aerobatic --> |glide ratio=<!-- sailplanes --> |climb rate ms=6.1 |climb rate ftmin= 1,200 |climb rate note=at 49 knots, fitted with a Rotax 912 ULS engine. |time to altitude= |sink rate ms=<!-- sailplanes --> |sink rate ftmin=<!-- sailplanes --> |sink rate note= |lift to drag= |wing loading kg/m2= |wing loading lb/sqft= |wing loading note= |disk loading kg/m2= |disk loading lb/sqft= |disk loading note=
|power/mass= |thrust/weight= |more performance= |avionics= }} <!-- ==See also== --> {{aircontent <!-- include as many lines are appropriate. additional lines/entries with carriage return. --> |see also= |related=<!-- related developments --> |similar aircraft=<!-- similar or comparable aircraft --> |lists=<!-- related lists --> }} <!--==Notes==-->
==References== {{reflist|30em|refs=
<ref name="WDLA11">Bayerl, Robby; Martin Berkemeier; et al: ''World Directory of Leisure Aviation 2011-12'', page 60. WDLA UK, Lancaster UK, 2011. ISSN 1368-485X</ref>
<ref name="WDLA15">Tacke, Willi; Marino Boric; et al: ''World Directory of Light Aviation 2015-16'', page 61. Flying Pages Europe SARL, 2015. {{ISSN|1368-485X}}</ref>
<ref name="JAWA10">{{cite book |title= Jane's All the World's Aircraft 2010-11|last= Jackson |first= Paul |year=2010|publisher= IHS Jane's|location= Coulsdon, Surrey|isbn= 978-0-7106-2916-6 |pages=395}}</ref>
<ref name="JAWA00">{{cite book |title= Jane's All the World's Aircraft 2000-01|last= Jackson |first= Paul |year=2000|publisher= Jane's Information Group|location= Coulsdon, Surrey|isbn=0-7106-1898-0 |pages=305–6}}</ref>
<ref name=Heintz>{{cite web|url = http://www.zenithair.com/stolch701/7-photo-copies.html|title = STOL CH701|access-date = 15 May 2012|last = Zenith Aircraft Company|date = n.d. |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140809025011/http://www.zenithair.com/stolch701/7-photo-copies.html |archive-date = 9 August 2014}}</ref>
<ref name="Volare_328">{{cite book |title= Volare magazine|language=it|date=April 2011|publisher= Editoriale Domus S.p.A.|volume= 328|page= 58}}</ref>
<ref name="Skykits">{{cite web |url=http://www.skykits.com/Float_Features.html |title=Skykits |access-date=2010-11-26}}</ref>
<ref name="ICP new plant">{{cite web|url = http://www.icp.it/Avio/detail.asp?num=14&voce=news|title = Inaugurazione |access-date = 2 October 2014|last = ICP srl|date = 10 September 2009 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120320144353/http://www.icp.it/Avio/detail.asp?num=14&voce=news |archive-date = 20 March 2012}}</ref>
<ref name=Zenair>{{cite web|url = http://www.zenair650ei.fr/joint-announcement-anglais.html|title = A new collaboration between ICP and Zenair|access-date = 2 July 2012|last = ULM Technologie|year = 2012}}</ref>
<ref name="Ereg">{{cite book |title=European registers handbook 2010 |last= Partington |first=Dave |year=2010|publisher= Air Britain (Historians) Ltd|location= Tonbridge, Kent|isbn=978-0-85130-425-0 }}</ref>
<ref name="CAA">{{cite web|url=http://www.caa.co.uk/application.aspx?catid=60&pagetype=65&appid=1&mode=summary&aircrafttype=Savannah|title=UK registered Savannahs|access-date=2010-11-26|archive-date=2012-09-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120905024608/http://www.caa.co.uk/application.aspx?catid=60&pagetype=65&appid=1&mode=summary&aircrafttype=Savannah|url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref name="ICPANA">{{cite web |url=http://www.icpnorthamerica.com |title=ICPANA |access-date=2011-11-06}}</ref>
}} <!-- ==Further reading== -->
==External links== {{Commons category}} * [http://www.icp.it ICP official website] * [http://www.icpnorthamerica.com/ ICP North America official website]
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