List of Latin phrases (I)

{{Short description|None}} {{latin intro|I}}<onlyinclude> {| class="wikitable" |- !Latin!!Translation!!Notes |- |id="I, Vitelli, dei Romani sono belli"|''I, Vitelli, dei Romani sono belli''||Go, O Vitellius, at the war sound of the Roman god||Perfectly correct Latin sentence usually reported as funny by modern Italians because the same exact words, in Italian, mean "Romans' calves are beautiful", which has a ridiculously different meaning. |- |''[[Ibid.|ibidem]]'' (''ibid.'')||in the same place||Usually used in [[bibliography|bibliographic]] citations to refer to the last source previously referenced. |- |id="id est"|''id est'' (''i.e.'')||id="i.e."|that is (literally "it is")||id="ie"|"That is (to say)" in the sense of "that means" and "which means", or "in other words", "namely", or sometimes "in this case", depending on the context. |- |id="id quod plerumque accidit"|''id quod plerumque accidit''||that which generally happens||Phrase used in legal language to indicate the most probable outcome from an act, fact, event or cause |- |''[[idem]]'' (''id.'')||the same||Used to refer to something that has already been cited; ditto. See also ''ibidem''. |- |id="idem quod|''idem quod'' (''i.q.'')||the same as||Not to be confused with an [[intelligence quotient]]. |- |id="Idus Martiae"|''Idus Martiae''||the [[Ides of March]]||In the [[Roman calendar]], the Ides of March refers to the 15th day of March. In modern times, the term is best known as the date on which [[Julius Caesar]] was assassinated in 44 BC; the term has come to be used as a metaphor for impending doom. |- |id="Jesu Juva"|''Jesu juva'' (''J.J.'') |id="Jesu juva"|Jesus, help! |id="Iesu iuva"|Used by [[Johann Sebastian Bach]] at the beginning of his compositions, which he ended with "S.D.G." ([[Soli Deo gloria]]). Compare [[Besiyata Dishmaya]]. |- |id="Iesus Nazarenus Rex Iudaeorum"|''Iesus Nazarenus Rex Iudaeorum'' (''[[INRI]]'')||[[Jesus]] the [[Nazarene (title)|Nazarene]], [[Jesus, King of the Jews|King of the Jews]]||From [[Vulgate]]; [[Gospel of John|John]] {{bibleref2-nb|John|19:19|VULGATE}}. [[wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/John#19:20|John 19:20]] states that this inscription was written in three languages—Aramaic, Latin and Greek—at the top of the [[True Cross|cross]] during the [[crucifixion of Jesus]]. |- |id="igitur qui desiderat pacem, praeparet bellum"|[[Si vis pacem, para bellum|''igitur qui desiderat pacem, praeparet bellum'']]||Therefore whoever desires peace, let him prepare for war||[[Publius Flavius Vegetius Renatus]], ''[[De re militari]]''; similar to ''[[si vis pacem, para bellum]]'' and [[#in pace ut sapiens aptarit idonea bello|''in pace ut sapiens aptarit idonea bello'']]. |- |id="igne natura renovatur integra"|''igne natura renovatur integra''||through fire, nature is reborn whole||An [[alchemy|alchemical]] aphorism invented as an alternate meaning for the acronym [[INRI]]. |- |id="igni ferroque"|''igni ferroque''||with fire and iron||Phrase describing [[scorched earth]] tactics. Also rendered as ''igne atque ferro'', ''ferro ignique'', and other variations. |- |id="ignis aurum probat"|''ignis aurum probat''||fire tests gold||Phrase referring to the refining of character through difficult circumstances |- |id="ignis fatuus"|''ignis fatuus''||foolish fire||[[Will-o'-the-wisp]]. |- |''[[ignorantia juris non excusat]]'' (or ''ignorantia legis non excusat'' or ''ignorantia legis neminem excusat'')||ignorance of the law is no excuse||Legal principle whereby ignorance of a law does not allow one to escape liability |- |''[[ignoratio elenchi]]''||ignorance of the issue||The [[Formal fallacy|logical fallacy]] of irrelevant conclusion: making an argument that, while possibly valid, doesn't prove or support the proposition it claims to. An ''ignoratio elenchi'' that is an intentional attempt to mislead or confuse the opposing party is known as a ''[[Ignoratio elenchi|red herring]]''. ''Elenchi'' is from the Greek ''[[elenchos]]''. |- |''[[ignotum per ignotius]]''||unknown by means of the more unknown||An explanation that is less clear than the thing to be explained. Synonymous with ''obscurum per obscurius''. |- |id="ignotus"|''ignotus'' (''ign.'')||unknown|| |- |id="illum oportet crescere me autem minui"|''illum oportet crescere me autem minui''|| He must become greater; I must become less ||In the [[Gospel of John]] {{bibleref2-nb|John|3:30|9}}, a phrase said by [[John the Baptist]] after baptizing [[Jesus]]. Motto of [[Saint John the Baptist Catholic School]], [[San Juan, Metro Manila]]. |- |''[[imago Dei]]''||image of God||From the religious concept that man was created in "God's image". |- |''[[imitatio dei]]''||imitation of a god||A principle, held by several religions, that believers should strive to resemble their god(s). |- |id="imperium in imperio"|''imperium in imperio''||an order within an order|| # Group of people who owe utmost fealty to their leader(s), subordinating the interests of the larger group to the authority of the internal group's leader(s). # A "[[fifth column]]" organization operating against the organization within which they seemingly reside. # "[[State within a state]]" |- |id="imperium sine fine"|''imperium sine fine''||an empire without an end||In [[Virgil]]'s ''[[Aeneid]]'', [[Jupiter (mythology)|Jupiter]] ordered [[Aeneas]] to found a city ([[Rome]]) from which would come an everlasting, never-ending empire, the endless (''sine fine'') empire. |- |id="impossibilium nulla obligatio est"|''impossibilium nulla obligatio est''||there is no obligation to do the impossible||[[Publius Juventius Celsus]], ''Digesta'' L 17, 185. |- |''[[imprimatur]]''||let it be printed||An authorization to publish, granted by some censoring authority (originally a [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholic]] bishop). |- |''[[In absentia (disambiguation)|in absentia]]''||in the absence||Used in a number of situations, such as in a trial carried out in the absence of the accused. |- |id="in absentia lucis, tenebrae vincunt"|''in absentia lucis, tenebrae vincunt''||in the absence of light, darkness prevails|| |- |id="in actu"|''in actu''||in act||In the very act; in reality. |- |id="[Dominica] in albis [depositis]"|[''Dominica''] ''in albis'' [''depositis'']||[Sunday in Setting Aside the] White Garments||Latin name of the [[Octave of Easter#Western churches|Octave of Easter]]. |- |id="in articulo mortis"|''in articulo mortis''||at the point of death|| |- |id="in bono veritas"|''in bono veritas''||truth is in the good|| |- |''[[in camera]]''||in the chamber||In secret. See also ''camera obscura''. |- |id="in casu"|''in casu'' (''i.c.'')||in the event||In this case. |- |id="in cauda venenum"|''in cauda venenum''||the poison is in the tail||Using the [[metaphor]] of a [[scorpion]], this can be said of an account that proceeds gently, but turns vicious towards the end—or more generally waits till the end to reveal an intention or statement that is undesirable in the listener's ears. |- |id="in com. Ebor."|''in com. Ebor.''||In the county of Yorkshire||Abbreviation of ''in comitatu Eboraci''. Eboracum was the Roman name for York and this phrase is used in some Georgian and Victorian books on the genealogy of prominent Yorkshire families. |- |id="in Christi lumine pro mundi vita"|''in Christi lumine pro mundi vita''||in the light of Christ for the life on the world||Motto of the [[Pontifical Catholic University of Chile]]. |- |''[[incurvatus in se]]''||turned/curved inward on oneself|| |- |''in defensum castitatis'' |in defence of chastity |Used in reference to the deaths of some [[Christian martyrs]] in Catholicism |- |id="in Deo speramus"|''in Deo speramus''||in God we hope||Motto of [[Brown University]]. |- |''[[in dubio pro reo]]''||in doubt, on behalf of the [alleged] culprit||Expresses the judicial principle that in case of doubt the decision must be in favor of the accused (in that anyone is innocent until there is proof to the contrary). |- |id="in duplo"|''in duplo''||in double||In duplicate |- |id="in effigie"|''in effigie''||in the likeness||In (the form of) an image; in effigy (as opposed to "in the flesh" or "in person"). |- |id="in esse"|''in esse''||in existence||In actual existence; as opposed to ''in posse''. |- |id="in extenso"|''in extenso''||in the extended||In full; at full length; complete or unabridged |- |id="in extremis"|''in extremis''||in the furthest reaches||At the very end. In extremity; in dire straits; also "at the point of death" (cf. ''in articulo mortis''). |- |id="in facie"|''in facie''||in the face||Refers to [[contempt of court]] committed in open court in front of the judge; contrast ''[[ex facie]]''. |- |id="in fide scientiam"|''in fide scientiam''||To our faith add knowledge||Motto of [[Newington College]]. |- |id="in fidem"|''in fidem''||into faith||To the verification of faith. |- |id="in fieri"|''in fieri''||in becoming||In progress; pending. |- |id="in fine"|''in fine'' (''i.f.'')||in the end||At the end. Used in footnotes, for example, "p. 157 ''in fine''": "the end of page 157". |- |''[[in flagrante delicto]]''||in a blazing wrong, while the crime is blazing||Caught in the act (esp. a crime or in a "compromising position"); equivalent to "caught red-handed" in English idiom. |- |id="in flore"|''in flore''||in blossom||Blooming. |- |id="in foro"|''in foro''||in forum||In court ([[List of legal Latin terms|legal term]]). |- |''[[in forma pauperis]]''||in the character or manner of a pauper|| |- |id="in girum imus nocte et consumimur igni"|''in girum imus nocte et consumimur igni''||We enter the circle at night and are consumed by fire||A [[palindrome]] said to describe the behavior of moths. Also the title of a film by [[Guy Debord]]. |- |id="in harmonia progressio"|''in harmonia progressio''||progress in harmony||Motto of [[Bandung Institute of Technology]], Indonesia. |- |id="in hoc sensu"|''in hoc sensu'', or ''in sensu hoc'' (''s.h.'')||id="in sensu hoc"|in this sense||Recent academic abbreviation for "in this sense". |- |''[[in hoc signo vinces]]''||by this sign you will conquer||Words which [[Constantine the Great]] claimed to have seen in a vision before the [[Battle of the Milvian Bridge]]. |- |id="in hunc effectum"|''in hunc effectum''||for this purpose||Describes a meeting called for a particular stated purpose only. |- |''[[in ictu oculi]]''||in the blink of an eye|| |- |id="in illo ordine"|''in illo ordine'' (''i.o.'')||in that order||Recent academic substitution for the spacious and inconvenient "..., respectively". |- |id="in illo tempore"|''in illo tempore''||in that time||At that time, or in those days, often used at the start of a liturgical scripture reading to mark an undetermined time in the past or to replace contextual material which is not being read.<ref>See for example, [[United States Conference of Catholic Bishops]], [https://bible.usccb.org/bible/readings/052916.cfm Reading 1 for The Solemnity of the Most Holy Body and Blood of Christ], ''Lectionary for Mass for Use in the Dioceses of the United States'', accessed on 22 June 2025</ref> |- |id="in inceptum finis est"|''in inceptum finis est''||lit.: in the beginning is the end||or: the beginning foreshadows the end |- |id="in limine"|''in limine''||at the outset/threshold||Preliminary, in law, a [[motion in limine]] is a [[Motion (legal)|motion]] that is made to the judge before or during trial, often about the admissibility of evidence believed prejudicial. |- |id="in loco"|''in loco''||in the place, on the spot||That is, 'on site', e.g. "The nearby labs were closed for the weekend, so the water samples were analyzed ''in loco''." |- |''[[in loco parentis]]''||in the place of a parent||Assuming parental or custodial responsibility and authority (e.g., [[schoolteacher]]s over students); a legal term. |- |id="in luce Tua videmus lucem"|''in luce Tua videmus lucem''||in Thy light we see light||Motto of [[Valparaiso University]]. The phrase comes from [[Book of Psalms|Psalm]] 36:9: "For with you is the fountain of life; in your light we see light." |- |id="in lumine tuo videbimus lumen"|''in lumine tuo videbimus lumen''||in your light we will see the light||Motto of [[Columbia University]] New York City, [[Presbyterian Boys' Senior High School]] Ghana, [[Ohio Wesleyan University]], [[University of Fort Hare]] South Africa |- |id="in manus tuas commendo spiritum meum"|''in manus tuas commendo spiritum meum''||into your hands I entrust my spirit||According to [[Gospel of Luke|Luke]] 23:46, the last words of [[Jesus]] on the cross |- |''[[in medias res]]''||into the middle of things||From [[Horace]]. Refers to the literary technique of beginning a narrative in the middle of, or at a late point in, the story, after much action has already taken place. Examples include the ''[[Iliad]]'', the ''[[Odyssey]]'', ''[[Os Lusíadas]]'', ''[[Othello]]'', and ''[[Paradise Lost]]''. Compare ''ab initio''. |- |id="in memoriam"|''in memoriam''||into the memory||Equivalent to "in the memory of". Refers to remembering or honoring a deceased person. |- |''[[in natura]]''||in nature |- |''[[in necessariis unitas, in dubiis libertas, in omnibus caritas]]''||in necessary things unity, in doubtful things liberty, in all things charity||"[[Charity (virtue)|Charity]]" (''caritas'') is being used in the classical sense of "compassion" (cf. ''[[agape]]''). Motto of the [[Cartellverband der katholischen deutschen Studentenverbindungen]]. Often misattributed to [[Augustine of Hippo]].{{Citation needed|date=June 2011}} |- |id="in nocte consilium"|''in nocte consilium''||advice comes in the night; "sleep on it"||Motto of [[Birkbeck, University of London|Birkbeck College]], University of London, an evening higher-education institution<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.bbk.ac.uk/downloads/bbk/bbk35.pdf|access-date=6 December 2023|title=The Birkbeck College coat of arms|pages=10–11|magazine=Birkbeck's Magazine|issue=35|year=2016}}</ref> |- |id="in nomine diaboli"|''in nomine diaboli''||in the name of the devil |- |''[[in nomine Domini]]''||in the name of the Lord||Motto of [[Trinity College, Perth]], Australia; the name of a 1050 [[papal bull]] |- |id="in nomine patris"|''in nomine patris, et filii, et spiritus sancti'' |id="in nomine patris, et filii, et spiritus sancti"|in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit ||Invocation of the [[Holy Trinity]]; part of the Latin Mass |- |id="in nuce"|''in nuce''||in a nut||in a nutshell; briefly stated; potential; in the embryonic phase |- |id="in odium fidei"|''[[in odium fidei]]''||in hatred of the faith||Used in reference to the deaths of some [[Christian martyrs]] in Catholicism |- |id="in omnia paratus"|''in omnia paratus''||ready for anything||Motto of the [[United States Army]]'s [[18th Infantry Regiment (United States)|18th Infantry Regiment]] |- |id="in omnibus amare et servire Domino "|''in omnibus amare et servire Domino''||in everything, love and serve the Lord||The motto of [[Ateneo de Iloilo]], a school in the Philippines |- |id="in omnibus requiem quaesivi, et nusquam inveni nisi in angulo cum libro"|''in omnibus requiem quaesivi, et nusquam inveni nisi in angulo cum libro''||Everywhere I have searched for peace and nowhere found it, except in a corner with a book||Quote by [[Thomas à Kempis]] |- |id="in ovo"|''in ovo''||in the egg||An experiment or process performed in an egg or embryo (e.g. in ovo electroporation of chicken embryo). |- |id="in pace ut sapiens aptarit idonea bello"|''in pace ut sapiens aptarit idonea bello''||in peace, like the wise man, make preparations for war||[[Horace]], [[Satires (Horace)|''Satires'']] 2/2:111; similar to ''[[si vis pacem, para bellum]]'' and [[#igitur qui desiderat pacem, praeparet bellum|''igitur qui desiderat pacem, praeparet bellum'']]. |- |[[requiescat in pace|''in pace requiescat'']]||in peace may he rest||Alternate form of ''requiescat in pace'' ("let him rest in peace"). Found in this form at the end of [[The Cask of Amontillado]] by [[Edgar Allan Poe]]. |- |''in pari materia''||upon the same matter or subject||In [[Statutory interpretation#Canons|statutory interpretation]], when a statute is ambiguous, its meaning may be determined in light of other statutes on the same subject matter. |- |''[[in pari delicto]]'' |in equal fault | |- |''[[in partibus infidelium]]''||in the parts of the infidels||"In the land of the [[infidel]]s"; used to refer to bishoprics that remain as [[titular see]]s even after the corresponding territory was conquered, usually by Muslim rulers. |- |''[[in pectore]]''||in the heart||A [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|cardinal]] named in secret by the [[pope]]. See also ''ab imo pectore''. |- |''[[in personam]]''||against a person||Directed towards a particular person |- |id="in posse"|''in posse''||in potential||In the state of being possible; as opposed to ''in esse''. |- |id="in propria persona"|''in propria persona''||in one's own person|| For one's self, for the sake of one's [[personhood]]; acting on one's own behalf, especially a person representing themselves in a legal proceeding; abbreviated ''pro per''. See also ''pro se'': [[litigant in person]], [[pro se legal representation in the United States|''pro se'' legal representation in the United States]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=pro per |url=https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/pro_per |access-date=2023-09-04 |website=[[Legal Information Institute]]}}</ref> |- |id="in principio erat Verbum"|''in principio erat Verbum''||in the beginning was the Word ([[Logos (Christianity)|Logos]])||[[John 1:1|Beginning of the Gospel of John]] |- |''[[in re]]''||in the matter [of]||Legal term used to indicate that a judicial proceeding may not have formally designated adverse parties or is otherwise uncontested. The term is commonly used in case citations of [[probate]] proceedings, for example, ''In re Smith's Estate''; it is also used in [[juvenile court]]s, as, for instance, ''[[In re Gault]]''. |- |id="in rebus"|''in rebus''||in the thing [itself]||Primarily of philosophical use to discuss properties and property exemplification. In [[philosophy of mathematics]], it is typically contrasted with "ante rem" and, more recently, "post res" [[Structuralism (philosophy of mathematics)|structuralism]]. Sometimes ''in re'' is used in place of ''in rebus''. |- |id="in regione caecorum rex est luscus"|''in regione caecorum rex est luscus''||In the land of the blind, the one-eyed man is king.||Quote of [[Desiderius Erasmus]] from ''[[Adagia]]'' (first published 1500, with numerous expanded editions through 1536), III, IV, 96. |- |''[[in rem]]''||against the thing||Legal term indicating a court's jurisdiction over a piece of [[property]] rather than a [[Legal personality|legal person]]; contrast with [[Personal jurisdiction|personal (''ad personam'') jurisdiction]]. See [[In rem jurisdiction]]; [[Quasi in rem jurisdiction]] |- |id="in rerum natura"|''in rerum natura''||in the nature of things||See also [[Lucretius]]' ''[[De rerum natura]]'' (''On the Nature of Things''). |- |id="in retentis"|''in retentis''||among things held back||Used to describe documents kept separately from the regular records of a court for special reasons. |- |id="in saecula (saeculorum), in saeculum saeculi"|''in saecula'' (''saeculorum''), ''in saeculum saeculi''||''roughly'': down to the times of the times||forever (and ever); liturgical |- |id="in saeculo"|''in saeculo''||in the times||In the [[secularism|secular]] world, esp. outside a [[monastery]], or before death. |- |id="in salvo"|''in salvo''||in safety|| |- |id="in scientia et virtue"|''in scientia et virtue''||in knowledge and virtue||Motto of [[St. Joseph's College, Colombo]], Colombo. Sri Lanka |- |id="in se magna ruunt"|''in se magna ruunt''||great things collapse of their own weight||[[Lucan]], ''[[Pharsalia]]'' 1:81 |- |id="in silvam non ligna feras"|''in silvam non ligna feras''||Do not carry wood to the forest||[[Horace]], ''[[Satires (Horace)|Satires]]'' 1:10 |- |''[[in situ]]''||in the place||In the original place, appropriate position, or natural arrangement. |- |id="in somnis veritas"|''in somnis veritas''||In dreams there is truth|| |- |id="in spe"|''in spe''||in hope||"future" ("my mother-in-law ''in spe''", i.e. "my future mother-in-law"), or "in embryonic form", as in "[[John Locke|Locke]]'s theory of government resembles, ''in spe'', [[Montesquieu]]'s theory of the separation of powers." |- |id="in specialibus generalia quaerimus"|''in specialibus generalia quaerimus''||To seek the general in the specifics||That is, to understand the most general rules through the most detailed analysis. |- |id="in statu nascendi"|''in statu nascendi''||in the state of being born||Just as something is about to begin |- |id="in theatro ludus"|''in theatro ludus''||like a scene in a play||Surreal |- |id="in toto"|''in toto''||in all||Totally; entirely; completely. |- |id="in triplo"|''in triplo''||in triple||In triplicate. |- |id="in umbra, igitur, pugnabimus"|''in umbra, igitur, pugnabimus''||Then we will fight in the shade||[[Laconic phrase]] supposedly given by the Spartans in response to the Persian boast at the [[Battle of Thermopylae]] that their arrows would obscure the sun. The response, though not in this form, was variously attributed to the soldier [[Dienekes]] or to King [[Leonidas I]]. |- |id="in utero"|''in utero''||in the womb|| |- |id="in utrumque paratus"|''in utrumque paratus''||prepared for either (event)|| |- |id="in vacuo"|''in vacuo''||in a void||In a vacuum; isolated from other things. |- |''[[in varietate concordia]]''||united in diversity||The motto of the [[European Union]] |- |id="in verbo tuo|''in verbo tuo''||at your word||a reference to the response of [[Saint Peter|Peter]] when he was invited by Jesus to "Put out into the deep and let down your nets for a catch" (Luke 5:4–5). |- |id="invidiae prudentia victrix"|''invidiae prudentia victrix''||prudence conquers jealousy|| |- |''[[in vino veritas]]''||in wine [there is] truth||That is, wine loosens the tongue (referring to [[alcohol (drug)|alcohol]]'s disinhibitory effects). |- |''[[in vitro]]''||in glass||An experimental or process methodology performed in a "non-natural" setting (e.g. in a laboratory using a glass test tube or Petri dish), and thus outside of a living organism or cell. Alternative experimental or process methodologies include ''in vitro'', ''ex vivo'' and ''in vivo''. |- |''[[in vivo]]''||in life/in a living thing||An experiment or process performed on a living specimen. |- |id="in vivo veritas"|''in vivo veritas''||in a living thing [there is] truth||An expression used by [[biologist]]s to express the fact that laboratory findings from testing an organism ''[[in vitro]]'' are not always reflected when applied to an organism ''[[in vivo]]''. Pun on ''[[in vino veritas]]''. |- |id="incepto ne desistam"|''incepto ne desistam''||May I not shrink from my purpose!||Motto of [[Westville Boys' High School]] and [[Westville Girls' High School]], from Virgil, ''Aeneid'', Book 1. Used by Juno, queen of heaven, who hated the Trojans led by Aeneas. When she saw the fleet of Aeneas on its way to Italy, after the sack of Troy by the Greeks, she planned to scatter it by means of strong winds. In her determination to accomplish her task she cried out "Incepto ne desistam!" |- |id="incertae sedis"|''incertae sedis''||of uncertain position (seat)||Term used to classify a taxonomic group when its broader relationships are unknown or undefined. |- |id="incredibile dictu"|''incredibile dictu''||incredible to say||Variant on ''[[mirabile dictu]]''. |- |id="intus et in cute"|''intus et in cute''||inwardly and in the skin||Intimately, without reservation. [[Persius]], ''Satire'' 3:30. |- |''[[Index Librorum Prohibitorum]]''||Index of prohibited (or, forbidden) books||List of books considered [[heretical]] by the [[Roman Catholic Church]]. |- |id="indigens Deo"|''indigens Deo''||being in need of God, beggar before God||From [[Augustine of Hippo|Augustine]], ''[[City of God (book)|De Civitate Dei]]'' XII, 1.3: ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20130214070332/http://phil.flet.mita.keio.ac.jp/person/nakagawa/texts/august/cd/cd12.html beatitudinem consequatur nec expleat indigentiam suam]'', "[[wikisource:Nicene_and_Post-Nicene_Fathers:_Series_I/Volume_II/City_of_God/Book_XII/Chapter_1|since it is not satisfied unless it be perfectly blessed]]". |- |id="indignor quandoque bonus dormitat Homerus"|''indignor quandoque bonus dormitat Homerus''||I too am annoyed whenever good Homer falls asleep||[[Horace]], ''[[Ars Poetica (Horace)|Ars Poetica]]'' 358 |- |id="indivisibiliter ac inseparabiliter"|''indivisibiliter ac inseparabiliter''||indivisible and inseparable||[[List of national mottos|Motto]] of [[Austria-Hungary]] before it was divided and separated into independent states in 1918. |- |id="infinitus est numerus stultorum"|''infinitus est numerus stultorum''||unending is the number of fools|| |- |id="Infirma mundi elegit Deus"|''infirma mundi elegit Deus''||God chooses the weak of the world||The motto of Venerable [[Vital-Justin Grandin]], the bishop of the St. Albert Diocese, which is now the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Edmonton]] |- |id="infra dignitatem"|''infra dignitatem'' (''infra dig'')||beneath (one's) dignity|| |- |id="ingenio stat sine morte decus"|''ingenio stat sine morte decus''||the honors of genius are eternal||[[Propertius]], ''Elegies'' Book III, 2 |- |id="initium sapientiae timor Domini"|''initium sapientiae timor Domini''||the fear of the Lord is the beginning of wisdom||[[wikisource:Bible (King James)/Psalms#Psalm 111|Psalm 111:10]]. Motto of the [[University of Aberdeen]], Scotland. |- |id="iniuriae qui addideris contumeliam"|''iniuriae qui addideris contumeliam''||you who have added insult to injury||[[Phaedrus (fabulist)|Phaedrus]], ''Fables'' 5/3:5. |- |id="inopiae desunt multa, avaritiae omnia"|''inopiae desunt multa, avaritiae omnia''||to poverty many things are lacking; to avarice, everything||[[Publilius Syrus]]. |- |id="insita hominibus libidine alendi de industria rumores"|''insita hominibus libidine alendi de industria rumores''||men have an innate desire to propagate rumors or reports||[[Titus Livius]] (XXVII, XXIV); [[Michel de Montaigne]], ''Essays''. |- |id="instante mense"|''instante mense'' (''inst.'')||in the present month||Used in formal correspondence to refer to the current month, sometimes abbreviated as ''inst''; e.g.: "Thank you for your letter of the 17th inst."—''ult. mense'' = last month, ''prox. mense'' = next month. |- |''[[Instrumentum regni]]''||instrument of government||Used to express the exploitation of [[Superstition|religion]] by [[State (polity)|State]] or [[ecclesiastical polity]] as a means of controlling the masses, or in particular to achieve political and [[Temporal power (papal)|mundane]] ends. |- |''[[Instrumentum vocale]]''||instrument with voice||So [[Varro]] in his ''De re rustica'' (''On Agriculture'') defines the slave: an instrument (as a simple plow, or etc.) with voice. |- |id="intaminatis fulget honoribus"|''intaminatis fulget honoribus''||untarnished, she shines with honor||From [[Horace]]'s ''Odes'' (III.2.18). Motto of [[Wofford College]]. |- |id="integer vitae scelerisque purus"|''integer vitae scelerisque purus''||unimpaired by life and clean of wickedness||From [[Horace]]'s ''Odes'' (I.22.1)<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Hendrickson|first=G. L.|date=1910|title="Integer Vitae"|journal=[[The Classical Journal]]|volume=5|issue=6|pages=250–258|jstor=3286962|issn=0009-8353}}</ref> Used as a funeral hymn. |- |id="intelligenti pauca"|''intelligenti pauca''||few words suffice for him who understands|| |- |id="inter alia"|''inter alia'' (''i.a.'')||among other things|| |- |id="inter alios"|''inter alios''||among other persons|| |- |''[[inter arma enim silent leges]]''||in a time of war, the law falls silent||Said by [[Cicero]] in ''[[Pro Milone]]'' as a protest against unchecked political mobs that had virtually seized control of Rome in the 60s and 50s BC. Famously quoted in the essay ''[[Civil Disobedience (Thoreau)|Civil Disobedience]]'' by [[Henry David Thoreau]] as "The clatter of arms drowns out the voice of the law". This phrase has also been jokingly translated as "In a time of arms, the legs are silent." |- |''[[inter caetera]]''||among other (works)||title of a 1493 [[papal bull]] |- |id="inter mutanda constantia"|''inter mutanda constantia''||steadfast in the midst of change||Motto of [[Rockwell College]] in [[Ireland]] and [[Francis Libermann Catholic High School]] in [[Ontario]], [[Canada]] |- |id="inter spem et metum"|''inter spem et metum''||between hope and fear|| |- |id="inter faeces et urinam nascimur"|''inter faeces et urinam nascimur''||we are born between feces and urine||Attributed to [[Augustine of Hippo|Saint Augustine]]. |- |id="inter sacrum saxumque"|''inter sacrum saxumque''||between the sacrifice and the stone||Being in a dilemma. From [[Plautus]], ''[[Captivi]]'', listed in ''[[Adagia]]'' by [[Erasmus]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Erasmus |author-link=Erasmus |title=Epitome Adagiorum ex Novissima |date=1549 |url=https://archive.org/details/epitomeadagiorum00eras/page/166 |page=166 |quote=Nunc ego inter sacrum saxumque sto, nec quid faciam scio. |language=la}}</ref> See also: "[[Between a rock and a hard place (disambiguation)|between a rock and a hard place]]", "[[Between the Devil and the Deep Blue Sea (disambiguation)|between the devil and the deep blue sea]]". |- |id="inter vivos"|''[[inter vivos]]''||between the living||Describes property transfers between living persons, as opposed to a [[Testator|testamentary transfer]] upon death such as an inheritance; often relevant to tax laws. |- |''interna praestant''||what is inside is better||or, virtue/character above all; see: ''[[List of Latin phrases (P)|prestant interna (coronae)]]'' |- |id="intra muros"|''intra muros''||within the walls||Not public; source of the word ''intramural''. Can also refer to the portion of a city within the city walls (current or past); for example, [[Intramuros]], Manila. |- |id="intra vires"|''intra vires''||within the powers||Within one's authority. Contrasted with ''ultra vires''. |- |id="invenias etiam disiecti membra poetae"|''invenias etiam [[disiecta membra|disiecti membra]] poetae''||you would still recognize the scattered fragments of a poet||[[Horace]], [[Satires (Horace)|''Satires'']], I, 4, 62, in reference to the earlier Roman poet [[Ennius]]. |- |id="inveniet quod quisque velit"|''inveniet quod quisque velit''||each shall find what he desires||Attributed to [[Petronius]]<ref>{{cite book |title=Poetae Latini Minores|volume=IV |editor-last=Baehrens |editor-first=Emil|editor-link=Emil Baehrens|date=1882|chapter=Excerpta ex Petronio, 74|page=88|chapter-url= https://archive.org/stream/poetaelatinimino34baeh#page/88/mode/2up|via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref> or [[Prudentius]]. Motto of the journal ''Nature in Cambridgeshire'':<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.natureincambridgeshire.org.uk/introduction.htm |title=Introduction |work=Nature in Cambridgeshire |publisher=Cambridgeshire Wildlife Trust/Cambridge Natural History Society |date=December 2015 |access-date=July 8, 2017}}</ref> ''Inveniet quod quisque velit; non omnibus unum est, quod placet; hic spinas colligit, [[carpe diem|ille rosas]]'' ("Each shall find what he desires; no one thing pleases all; one gathers thorns, another roses"). |- |id="invicta"|''invicta''||unconquered ||Motto of the English county of [[Kent]] and the city of [[Porto]] |- |id="invictus maneo"|''invictus maneo''||I remain unvanquished ||Motto of the [[Clan Armstrong|Armstrong clan]] |- |id="Iohannes est nomen eius"|''Iohannes est nomen eius''||John is his name ||[[Gospel of Luke|Luke]] 1:63, referring to [[John the Baptist]]. Motto of the [[coat of arms of Puerto Rico]]. |- |id="ipsa scientia potestas est"|''ipsa scientia potestas est''||knowledge itself is power||Famous phrase written by Sir [[Francis Bacon]] in 1597 |- |''[[ipse dixit]]''||he himself said it||Commonly said in Medieval debates and referring to [[Aristotle]]. Used in general to emphasize that some assertion comes from some authority, i.e., as an [[argument from authority]], and the term ''ipse-dixitism'' has come to mean any unsupported rhetorical assertion that lacks a logical argument. Literal translation by [[Cicero]] (in his ''[[De Natura Deorum]]'' 1.10) of the Greek ''αὐτὸς ἔφα'', an invocation by [[Pythagoreans]] when appealing to the pronouncements of the master. |- |id="ipsissima verba"|''[[ipsissima verba]]''||the very words themselves||"Strictly word for word" (cf. ''verbatim''). Often used in Biblical Studies to describe the record of Jesus' teaching found in the New Testament (specifically, the four Gospels). |- |id="ipsissima voce"|''ipsissima voce''||in the very voice itself||To approximate the main thrust or message without using the exact words |- |''[[ipso facto]]''||by the fact itself||By that very fact |- |[[ipso jure|''ipso iure'']]||by the law itself||Automatically as a consequence of law |- |id="ira deorum"|''ira deorum''||wrath of the gods||Like the vast majority of inhabitants of the ancient world, the [[ancient Rome|ancient Romans]] practiced [[paganism|pagan]] rituals, believing it important to achieve a state of ''pax deorum'' (peace of the gods) instead of ''ira deorum'' (wrath of the gods): earthquakes, floods, famine, etc. |- |id="ira furor brevis est"|''ira furor brevis est''||wrath (anger) is but a brief madness |- |id="ita vero"|''ita vero''||thus indeed||Useful phrase, as the Romans had no word for "yes", preferring to respond to questions with the affirmative or negative of the question (e.g., "Are you hungry?" was answered by "I am hungry" or "I am not hungry", not "yes" or "no"). |- |''[[ite, missa est]]''||go, it is the dismissal||Loosely: "You have been dismissed". Concluding words addressed to the people in the [[Mass (liturgy)|Mass]] of the [[Roman Rite]].<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|entry-url=https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08253a.htm|access-date=5 August 2024|author=[[Adrian Fortescue]]|entry=Ite Missa Est|encyclopedia=[[Catholic Encyclopedia]]|year=1910|volume=8|publisher=Robert Appleton|location=New York}}</ref> The term ''missa'' "Mass" derives from a reanalysis of the phrase to mean "Go, the ''missa'' is accomplished." |- |id="iter legis"|''iter legis''||the path of the law||The path a law takes from its conception to its implementation |- |id="iucunda memoria est praeteritorum malorum"|''iucunda memoria est praeteritorum malorum''||pleasant is the memory of past troubles||[[Cicero]], ''[[De finibus bonorum et malorum]]'' 2, 32, 105 |- |id="iugulare mortuos"|''iugulare mortuos''||to cut the throat of corpses||From Gerhard Gerhards' (1466–1536) (better known as [[Erasmus]]) collection of annotated ''Adagia'' (1508). It can mean attacking the work or personality of deceased person. Alternatively, it can be used to describe criticism of an individual already heavily criticised by others. |- |id="iuncta iuvant"|''iuncta iuvant'' ||together they strive||also spelled ''juncta juvant''; from the legal principle ''quae non valeant singula, iuncta iuvant'' ("What is without value on its own, helps when joined") |- |''[[iura novit curia]]''||the court knows the law||Legal principle in civil law countries of the Roman-German tradition that says that lawyers need not argue the law, as that is the office of the court. Sometimes miswritten as ''iura novat curia'' (the court renews the laws). |- |[[Jure matris|''iure matris'']]||in right of his mother||Indicates a right exercised by a son on behalf of his mother |- |[[Jure uxoris|''iure uxoris'']]||in right of his wife||Indicates a right exercised by a husband on behalf of his wife |- |id="iuris ignorantia est cum ius nostrum ignoramus"|''iuris ignorantia est cum ius nostrum ignoramus''||it is ignorance of the law when we do not know our own rights|| |- |id="ius accrescendi"|''ius accrescendi''||right of accrual||Commonly referred to as "right of survivorship": a rule in property law that surviving joint tenants have rights in equal shares to a decedent's property |- |id="ius ad bellum"|''ius ad bellum''||law towards war||Refers to the laws that regulate the reasons for going to war. Typically, this would address issues of self-defense or preemptive strikes. |- |[[Peremptory norm|''ius cogens'']]||compelling law||A [[peremptory norm]], a fundamental principle of international law considered to have acceptance among the international community of states as a whole and from which no derogation is permitted. |- |id="ius est ars boni et aequi"|''ius est ars boni et aequi''||the law is the art of goodness and equity||Appears on the front of the Sievekingplatz 2, a courthouse of the [[Hanseatisches Oberlandesgericht]], in [[Hamburg]], [[Germany]]. |- |id="ius in bello"|''ius in bello''||law in war||Refers to the "laws" that regulate the conduct of combatants during a conflict. Typically, this would address issues of who or what is a valid target, how to treat prisoners, and what sorts of weapons can be used. The word ''jus'' is also commonly spelled ''ius''. |- |''[[ius primae noctis]]''||law of the first night||The ''[[droit du seigneur]]'', supposed right of a lord to have sexual relations with a newly married female subject |- |[[jus sanguinis]]||right of blood||A legal doctrine granting citizenship based on the nationality of one's parents |- |[[jus soli]]||right of the soil||A legal doctrine granting birthright citizenship |- |''iustam causam deus non derelinqvet'' |god will not abandon the just cause |Appears on [[Francis II Rákóczi]]'s flag. |- |''{{visible anchor|iustitia dilata est iustitia negata}}''||[[justice delayed is justice denied]]||<ref>{{citation|last=Şirin|first=Tolga|title=Producing Legal History|date=14 June 2019|journal=Verfassungsblog: On Matters Constitutional|doi=10.17176/20190614-165845-0}}</ref> |- |id="iustitia fundamentum regni"|''iustitia fundamentum regni''||justice is the foundation of a reign||Motto of the Supreme Public Prosecutor's Office of the Czech Republic. |- |''{{visible anchor|iustitia nemini neganda est}}''||justice is to be denied to nobody||<ref name=glil>{{cite book|title=Guide to Latin in International Law|edition=1st|author1=Aaron X. Fellmeth|author2=Maurice Horwitz|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2009|url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780195369380.001.0001/acref-9780195369380|isbn=9780195369380}}</ref> |- |''{{visible anchor|iustitia non est neganda, non differenda}}''||justice is not to be denied, not to be delayed||<ref name=glil/> |- |id="iustitia omnibus"|''iustitia omnibus''||justice for all||The motto of [[Washington, D.C.]] |- |id="iuventuti nil arduum"|''iuventuti nil arduum''||to the young nothing is difficult||Motto of [[Canberra Girls Grammar School]] |- |id="iuventutis veho fortunas"|''iuventutis veho fortunas''||I bear the fortunes of youth||Motto of [[Dollar Academy]] |} </onlyinclude>

==References== {{reflist|30em}}

==Further reading== * {{cite book |isbn = 0865164223 |last = Adeleye |first = Gabriel G. |title = World Dictionary of Foreign Expressions |editor1 = Thomas J. Sienkewicz |editor2 = James T. McDonough Jr. |location = Wauconda, Illinois |publisher = Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers|year = 1999 |url-access = registration |url = https://archive.org/details/worlddictionaryo00adel|via=[[Internet Archive]]|ref=none}} * {{cite book |isbn=0415917751 |last=Stone |first=Jon R. |title=Latin for the Illiterati |location=London & New York |publisher=Routledge |year=1996 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/latinforillitera0000ston|via=Internet Archive|ref=none}}

[[Category:Lists of Latin phrases|I]]