{{Short description|Genus of spiders}} {{Automatic taxobox | name = | image = Hypsosinga lithyphantoides 304634488 549199296.jpg | image_caption = female ''H. lithyphantoides'' | image2 = Hypsosinga pygmaea 298110303 536946378.jpg | image2_caption = male ''H. pygmaea'' | taxon = Hypsosinga | authority = Ausserer, 1871<ref name=wsc /> | type_species = ''H. sanguinea'' | type_species_authority = (C. L. Koch, 1844) | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = 19, see text }}
'''''Hypsosinga''''' is a genus of orb-weaver spiders first described by Anton Ausserer in 1871,<ref name=Auss1871 /> with a wide global distribution.<ref name=wsc />
==Distribution== Most ''Hypsosinga'' species are found in Eurasia from Greenland to Japan, while a few occur in Africa and North America
In 2015, female ''Hypsosinga heri'' spiders were identified at the RSPB Radipole Lake nature reserve in Dorset, England. The previous recorded sightings of the species in the UK were in 1898 and 1912 at Wicken Fen, Cambridgeshire.<ref name="bbc" />
==Life style== ''Hypsosinga'' live on low plants where their small orb-webs frequently go unnoticed. Levy (1984) reported on a species that lives under stones and which could easily be confused with theridiids (especially ''Steatoda'' spp.). ''Hypsosinga'' make a complete orb-web sually with a retreat. They are frequently sampled in sweep nets in grassland.<ref name="dippenaar2022" />
==Description== {{see also|Glossary of spider terms}} Markings of the back of ''Singa variabilis'' (''H. pygmaea'').|thumb|center
The genera ''Singa'' and ''Hypsosinga'' comprise small spiders identifiable by a shiny body decorated with spots or lines. ''Hypsosinga'' has a carapace that is smooth and rather wide in front, wider than the eye area, with no thoracic depression or sometimes only a small longitudinal black mark in the male.<ref name="dippenaar2022" />
The integument is shiny, the eye area is usually black, and the posterior median eyes are usually their own diameter apart. ''Hypsosinga'' differs from ''Singa'' in having the posterior median eyes as the largest, while the ocular quadrangle is wider behind than in front, or rectangular.<ref name="dippenaar2022" />
The abdomen in ''Hypsosinga'', unlike that of ''Singa'', tends to be oval and widest in the middle, with either two dorsal longitudinal bands or four dark spots. The epigynum differs from those of both ''Singa'' and ''Araneus'' in lacking a scape.<ref name="dippenaar2022" />
==Etymology== The genus name is derived from the Greek "hypso", meaning "high", referring to the higher clypeus than those of the genus ''Singa''.<ref name=bugguide />
{{clear}} ==Species== <gallery mode=packed heights=140px> Hypsosinga albovittata 479315783.jpg|''Hypsosinga albovittata'' Hypsosinga heri 506430357.jpg|''H. heri'' Hypsosinga holzapfelae 312616548 564453578.jpg|female ''H. holzapfelae'' HypsosingaPygmaea1.jpg|''H. pygmaea'' Hypsosinga.sanguinea.female.2.-.tanikawa.jpg|female ''H. sanguinea'' </gallery>
{{as of|2025|10}}, this genus includes nineteen species and three subspecies:<ref name="wsc" /> {{Div col}} * ''Hypsosinga alberta'' <small>Levi, 1972</small> – Russia (East Siberia), Canada * ''Hypsosinga alboria'' <small>Yin, Wang, Xie & Peng, 1990</small> – China * ''Hypsosinga albovittata'' <small>(Westring, 1851)</small> – Europe, North Africa, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East), Middle East, Central Asia * ''Hypsosinga clax'' <small>Oliger, 1993</small> – Russia (Far East) * ''Hypsosinga funebris'' <small>(Keyserling, 1892)</small> – Canada, United States * ''Hypsosinga groenlandica'' <small>Simon, 1889</small> – United States, Canada, Greenland * ''Hypsosinga heri'' <small>(Hahn, 1831)</small> – Europe, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Central Asia, West Siberia), Israel, Iran, Central Asia, China * ''Hypsosinga holzapfelae'' <small>(Lessert, 1936)</small> – Kenya, Mozambique, South Africa * ''Hypsosinga kazachstanica'' <small>Ponomarev, 2007</small> – Kazakhstan * ''Hypsosinga lithyphantoides'' <small>Caporiacco, 1947</small> – Uganda, Kenya, South Africa ** ''H. l. dealbata'' <small>Caporiacco, 1949</small> – Kenya * ''Hypsosinga pulla'' <small>Mi & Li, 2021</small> – China * ''Hypsosinga pygmaea'' <small>(Sundevall, 1831)</small> – North America, Europe, Turkey, Israel, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East), Iran, Central Asia, China, Korea, Japan. Introduced to South Africa ** ''H. p. nigra'' <small>(Simon, 1909)</small> – Vietnam ** ''H. p. nigriceps'' <small>(Kulczyński, 1903)</small> – Turkey * ''Hypsosinga rubens'' <small>(Hentz, 1847)</small> – Canada, United States * ''Hypsosinga sanguinea'' <small>(C. L. Koch, 1844)</small> – Europe, North Africa, Turkey, Russia (Europe to Far East), Iran, Central Asia, China, Korea, Japan (type species) * ''Hypsosinga satpuraensis'' <small>Bodkhe, Uniyal & Kamble, 2016</small> – India * ''Hypsosinga taprobanica'' <small>(Simon, 1895)</small> – Sri Lanka * ''Hypsosinga turkmenica'' <small>Bakhvalov, 1978</small> – Turkmenistan * ''Hypsosinga vaulogeri'' <small>(Simon, 1909)</small> – Vietnam * ''Hypsosinga wanica'' <small>Song, Qian & Gao, 1996</small> – China {{Div col end}}
==References== {{Reflist|refs= <ref name="wsc">{{cite web | url=https://wsc.nmbe.ch/genus/333 | title=Genus Hypsosinga | publisher=World Spider Catalog | doi=10.24436/2 | accessdate=25 October 2025}}</ref> <ref name=Auss1871>{{cite journal| last=Ausserer| first=A.| year=1871| title=Beiträge zur Kenntniss der Arachniden-Familie der Territelariae Thorell (Mygalidae Autor).| journal=Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Königlichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien| pages=117–224| volume=21}}</ref> <ref name=bbc>{{cite news |date=2015-06-15 |title='Extinct' ''Hypsosinga heri'' spider found in Dorset reserve |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-dorset-33131860 |accessdate=2015-06-15 |publisher=BBC News Online}}</ref> <ref name=bugguide>{{cite web| title=Genus Hypsosinga| publisher=BugGuide| accessdate=2019-05-13| url=https://bugguide.net/node/view/40182}}</ref> <ref name="dippenaar2022">{{cite book | last1=Dippenaar-Schoeman | first1=A.S. | last2=Haddad | first2=C.R. | last3=Foord | first3=S.H. | last4=Lotz | first4=L.N. | last5=Webb | first5=P. | year=2022 | title=The Araneidae of South Africa. Version 2: part 2 (E-Ne) | publisher=South African National Survey of Arachnida Photo Identification Guide | pages=20 | doi=10.5281/zenodo.6619195}}{{Creative Commons text attribution notice|cc=by4}}</ref> }}
== External links == * {{inaturalist taxon}} * ''[https://bugguide.net/node/view/40182 Hypsosinga]'' at BugGuide
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Category:Araneidae Category:Araneomorphae genera Category:Cosmopolitan spiders Category:Taxa named by Anton Ausserer